
Class 



COPYRIGHr DEPOSIT 




THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT, 



Mount Veenon Place. 



THE 



MONUMENTAL CITY, 



ITS 



|p| ii^f^fs ^i Mt'^^\ %^w^it 



George W. Wowai\d 




BALTIMOEE: /\ 
J. D. Ehlees & Co., Ekgeavers and Steam Book Peintees, 

87 Second Street, 

1873. \ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 

GEORGE W. HOWARD, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C> 



^A 



:3 



^^^ 



TO 



CHAUNCEY BEOOKS, Esq. 

This volume is dedicated by its author, as an humble testimony of the 
personal esteem he has entertained for him through a long series of 
years, and as, in some measure, a memorial of the proud position that 
gentleman to-day occupies in the city of Baltimore. Time in its cycles 
works many changes. Some men are unable to stem the current of 
adverse fortune, and pass away with naught left to embalm their 
memories, save the sad thought that their efforts were honest but una- 
vailing; while others live to see the realization of their hopes and the 
glorious fruition that accompanies a well-spent and successful life. To 
the latter class Mr. Brooks belongs, and it seems peculiarly appropriate 
that a volume professing to give a sketch of Baltimore, with a succinct 
recital of the vast resources she at present possesses, should be dedicated 
to one who is so thoroughly identified with her history through a period 
of more than fifty years. Mr. Brooks, at a ripe old age, can look with 
pleasure upon gigantic corporations, great business enterprises, and 
mechanical forces, the birth of which he favored, and whose feeble 
infancy he strengthened by timely, judicious and unostentatious aid. 
That He who knoweth the good deeds of men may bountifully lengthen 
out his life, and that his future may be as peaceful and serene as his 
past has been useful and honored, is the prayer of the 

AUTHOE. 



PREFACE. 



It is proposed in the present volume to give a sketch of the past of BaltimorSy 
. with brief allusions to those crises which marked her history and exercised an 
important bearing upon her progress as a city, also a running essay upon the 
useful and aesthetic features which make her to-day the most desirable location 
in America for those in search of Jionies, or contemplating a change of residence; 
together with short but comprehensive articles upon the various corporations 
at present in existence or soon to be organized, and the different departments 
of trade, commerce, and manufactures, which centre in our city. 

If readers at a distance are disposed to regard critically, the spirit which 
induces a citizen of Baltimore to sound her praises more than perhaps the 
most guarded taste might suggest, let them consider that the same course has 
been pursued by all the larger cities in America, and that the gTeat spirit of 
competition more thoroughly developed in this country than elsewhere, will 
not suffer her to remain silent at a time when her sisters have inundated the 
United States with the most fulsome accounts of their respective advantages. 
Let them bear in mind also, that already have travellers, not only from differ- 
ent sections of the Union but from the great centres of Europe, placed on 
record the most ample and possibly exaggerated accounts of the various features 
which endear her to her own citizens, and render the city peculiarly inviting to 
strangers; and lastly, let them remember that a pardonable pride is the 
greatest incentive to development and progress in the future. We ask at the 
hands of the public a generous criticism, inasmuch as this is a novel enterprise 
in Baltimore, and the means of securing information are exceedingly limited. 
With this brief preface we launch our little vessel, trusting that it may bring 
to our port the treasures which our merchants and business men so richly 
deserve. 



BALTIMORE. 



HISTOKIOAL SKETCH. 

^ l^E. McMAHON has remarked, in his Historical View of the Government 
of Maryland, that "the colonial history of Maryland is distinguished 
more by results than by incidents;" and he has further pointed out that 
"the gradual accessions to a nation's wealth, power and liberty, which she 
deriyes from a peaceful devotion to her own interests, are perceived only in their 
general results." If this be true of a nation, more especially is it true of a city; 
and therefore especially devoid of incident must be a historical sketch of a city, 
the principal object of which is to note the rise and progress of its commercial 
importance. In the following pages it is sought to set forth such facts as will 
best illustrate the growth and development of Baltimore, and the causes which 
most directly contributed to those results, — ^noting events of general or national 
character only where the history of Baltimore is intimately connected with 
them, in the relation of a part to the whole; and while the annals of Baltimore 
have at different times been marked by events of striking character and of 
considerable local interest, they have, for the most part, been such as belong 
to a political, rather than a commercial history.* 

As introductory to the history of the city, it may be found useful to give 
some preliminary account of the Province in which it was founded, and the 
causes which led to its establishment. 

The Province of Maryland had been settled for nearly a century before the 
first foundations were laid of the city that was destined to become the com- 
mercial metropolis of the State, and one of the leading cities of the American 
continent. 

George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, having found that his efforts to 
establish a colony at Avalon, in Newfoundland, were attended with but little 
success, determined to seek a more favorable region in which to carry out his 
plans of colonization. With this view he visited, in the year 1628, the colony 
of Virginia. Of the favorable situation and fl.ourishing condition of that 
colony he was well aware, having himself been a member of the Virginia 

* E.g. —The outbreak of the war with. England in 1813, the bank failures in 1835, and the outbreak of 
:.the civil war in 1861, were occasions of great excitement in the history of Baltimore. 



8 " The Monumental City, 

Company before it had been deprived of its charter, in 1624, by a judgment of 
the Court of King's Bench. During his visit to Virginia, it is probable that 
Lord Baltimore personally explored the Chesapeake Bay; at all events his 
experienced judgment readily detected the advantages that would be secured 
to a colony upon its shores. Accordingly, upon his return to England, he 
procured from his royal master, Charles I., the promise of a grant of territory 
in the region which he had just visited. 

The Virginia colonists were not unmindful of the facilities for traffic 
afforded by the Chesapeake, which stretches inland for a distance of two 
hundred miles from the ocean, with rivers emptying into it whose head- 
waters are far back in the interior. In the years 1626, 1627 and 1628, 
William Clayborne, Secretary of State for the colony of Virginia, obtained 
from the English government authority "to discover the source of the 
Chesapeake, and to make other explorations within the government of Vir- 
ginia." Vested with this authority Mr. Clayborne appears to have improved 
the opportunities it gave him for establishing and conducting a trade with 
the natives upon the shores of the upper part, of the bay ; and for the further- 
ance of this object he probably erected some trading houses upon the Isle of 
Kent, which thus became the first place within the limits of Maryland in 
which any European settlements were made. The value which the Vir- 
ginians placed upon the bay and the adjacent country, is further shown by 
the violent opposition they manifested to the establishment of Lord Balti- 
more's colony; and in a petition preferred to the King shortly after the 
grant had been made to Lord Baltimore, they particularly complain " that 
grants had lately been made of a great portion of the lands and territory of 
their colony, heing the places of their traffic." 

The advantages for trade, together with the attractions of a fertile soil and 
a grateful climate, determined Lord Baltimore in the selection of the site for 
his future colony ; but in consequence of his death, which occurred early in 
1632, the charter promised to him, but which did not pass the seals until 
June 20th of the same year, was issued to his son Cecilius, second Lord 
Baltimore, upon whom devolved, together with his father's title and estates,, 
the work of carrying out his wise and beneficent plans of colonization. 

The territory embraced in Lord Baltimore's grant is described in the 
charter as follows : " all that part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese, lying in 
the parts of America between the ocean on the east, and the bay of Chesa- 
peake on the west ; divided from the residue thereof by a right line drawn 
from the promontory, or headland called Watkin's Point, situate upon the 
bay aforesaid, near the river Wighco, on the west unto the main ocean on the 
east; and between that boundary on the south, unto that part of the bay of 
Delaware on the north, which lieth under the fortieth degree of north lati- 
tude from the equinoctial ; and passing from the said bay, called Delaware 
Bay, in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the true meridian of the 
first fountain of the river of Potomac, thence verging towards the south, unto- 



Its Past Histoey an"d Peesent Resoueces. 9 

the farther bank of the same river, and following the same on the west and 
south, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of the 
said river, where it disembogues into the aforesaid bay of Chesapeake, and 
thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid promontory or place, called 
Watkin's Point." All the waters comprehended within these boundaries, 
and the islands lying in them, together with all islands off the coast, within 
ten leagues of the shore, were expressly mentioned as included in the grant. 
And in order that this region might "be eminently distinguished above all 
other regions in that territory, [America,] and decorated with more ample 
titles," it was erected into a Province and nominated Maryland.* Of this 
Province Lord Baltimore was made Absolute Lord and Proprietary, yielding 
only unto the crown of England, as pledge of his allegiance, two Indian 
arrows annually, and the fifth part of all gold and silver ore which should 
be found within the limits of the Province. To the Proprietary were given 
by the charter, the same rights, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, &c., as 
appertained to the Bishop of Durham, within the bishopric or county pala- 
tine of Durham; with power to enact laws with the advice and assent of the 
freemen of the Province or their delegates; to appoint judges, administer the 
laws, and exercise jurisdiction over the persons resident in the Province even 
to the extent of depriving them of life or liberty; to impose taxes; to raise 
and command an army, either to defend the Province from invasion or to 
quell insurrection. At the same time, it was provided that persons emigrat- 
ing to this Province should retain their rights as English subjects, both for 
themselves and their children; and the privilege was granted to them of 
trading with England, or in default of finding a market there, of conveying 
their merchandise thence to "any other countries they should think proper" 
which were in amity with England. 

The boundaries prescribed for the Province of Maryland, as given above, 
became at different times the occasion for dispute on all sides, and as a conse- 
quence thereof, the present limits of the State are considerably less than those 
assigned to the Province. On the northeast, the State of Delaware has been 
erected within the limits of Maryland. On the north, the location of the 
boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania was a matter of dispute until 
1763, when it Avas determined by Messrs. Mason and Dixon, who, acting under 
a joint commission of the two Provinces appointed for the purpose of settling 
the difficulty, surveyed the line which now constitutes the boundary between 
the two States, and which, as the recognized boundary between the Northern 
and Southern States, has acquired a notoriety far beyond that which belongs to 
its local and original purposes. On the part of Virginia, a dispute arose as to 
whether the north or south fork of the Potomac was its "first fountain," by 
which the location of the western boundary of Maryland was to be deter- 

* England's first Province. It was at first intended to call the Province Crescentia ; but when the 
charter was presented to Charles I. for his signature, he struck out that name and substituted Maryland, 
In honor of his Queen, Henrietta Maria of France. 



10 The Monumental City, 

mined; and althougli the south fork is sixty miles the longer, and the terri- 
tory lying between the forks is estimated at half a million of acres, Maryland 
has been compelled to establish her boundary npon the north fork. Upon 
the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the precise location of the boundary 
iDetween Maryland and Virginia is unsettled to the present day.* 

Provided with a charter upon such favorable conditions, Lord Baltimore 
immediately commenced preparations for sending a colony to his new pos- 
sessions. He at first intended to accompany the expedition in person, but 
-abandoning this plan, he confided the leadership to his brother, Leonard 
dalvert, whom he appointed Governor of the Province, with the title of 
Lieutenant-General. On the 22d November, 1633, the colonists, to the number 
•of about two hundred, many of them gentlemen of fortune, and most of them 
Eoman Catholics, set sail from Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Taking the 
old route by the Azores and West Indies, and having stopped for some time 
.at the Island of St. Christopher's and Barbadoes, they arrived oif Point 
Comfort in Virginia on the 24th February, 1G34. Letters which Governor 
Calvert brought from the King of England, secured for the colonists 
a favorable reception by the government of Virginia, and on the 3d of 
March they proceeded up the bay to the Potomac. Entering the river, they 
•effected a landing and made their first settlements upon its banks. On the 
25th of March, having erected a cross and celebrated mass, they took formal 
possession of the country "for our Saviour, and for our sovereign lord, the 
King of England." On the 27th the whole company landed and occupied 
-an Indian town that had been ceded to them by the natives, and which, under 
the name of St. Mary's, continued to be the capital of the Province imtil 
1692. 

Thus the colony was first established almost at the southern extremity of 
the Province, and for some time after, the settlements upon the western shore 
of the bay were chiefly confined to that portion of the country. A^arious 
-causes contributed to hinder the extension of settlements into the interior, in 
places remote from the more thickly settled portions of the Province. Wars 
occurred, both with the Indians and the Dutch settlements in the north- 
eastern portion of the Province, upon the DelaAvare Bay, and the Province 
itself was not exempt from internal commotions. In 1644 occurred the 
formidable insurrection known, from the name of its leader, as the "Ingle 
rebellion," the effects of which are felt to the present day by reason of the loss 
of many of the early records of the Province, which were carried away from 
St. Mary's by the insurgents and destroyed. The Proprietary government 
too was twice interrupted from without during the first hundred years of its 
existence. During the time of the Commonwealth in England, the govern- 
ment of the Province was usurped by commissioners appointed by Cromwell. 
And after the revolution which resulted in the establishment of William 

♦ There is uow a joint commission appointed from the two States, for the purpose of adjusting the 
boundary line between them. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 11 

and Mary upon the throne of England, the government of the Province was 
assumed by the crown. The royal government continued from 1692 until 
1715, when the Proprietary's rightful authority was restored to him by 
George I. 

The interval between the suppression of the Ingle insurrection and the 
arrival of Cromwell's Commissioners, (1651,) short as it was, was long 
enough to be signalized by an event that has made illustrious the colonial 
history of Maryland, and which to this day is looked back upon with 
pride. In 1648 Lord Baltimore prescribed a new oath of office to be taken 
by the Lieutenant- General of the Province; and in that age, when religious 
toleration, as now understood, was unknown in Europe, that officer was 
made to bind himself by this oath that he would not " directly or indirectly 
trouble, molest or discountenance any person whatsoever in the Province 
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, for or in respect of his or her religion," 
or the free exercise thereof; and that he would not "make any diflFerence of 
persons in conferring of offices, rewards or favors for or in respect of their 
said religion;" and further that if any officer or person should molest or 
disturb any person within this Province on account of his religion, he would 
protect the person molested and punish the offender. At the session of the 
Assembly the same year, "an act concerning religion" was passed, by which 
these principles were embodied in the statute law, and their observance 
enforced under penalties. 

In consequence of this wise and liberal policy of religious toleration, 
Maryland, under the auspices of a Roman Catholic Proprietary, became the 
common refuge for all who were suffering religious persecution. Members 
of the Church of England, Quakers and others, resorted thither from among 
the Puritans of New England, and Puritans came from Virginia to escape 
the requirements of the Established Church there; while Protestants from 
France and Portugal and the Netherlands, fled thither from the persecutions 
in those countries. So that this policy was in its effect as beneficial to the 
Province, by the valuable additions secured to the population, as in its con- 
ception, it was honorable to the Proprietary.* 

As the population gradually increased, new and more extended settlement 
began to be made. Baltimore County was created in 1659,' and in 1683, at V 
a session of the Assembly held at the Ridge in Anne Arundel County, among 
several new towns that were created, two were situated in that county. 
Indeed there seems to have existed at that time a mania for making towns, 
no less than thirty-three having been created by the Assembly in the space of 

^ Of the Proprietary who thus stands before us as a m an far in advance of the ideas of the age in which 
he lived, it may be said, that his life which lasted until 1675, was continually devoted to the best interests 
of the Province Of him it was written, "never did a people enjoy more happiness than the inhabitants 
of Maryland under Cecilius, the founder of the Province." (Ramsay — Hist. Rev. War.) 

The condition of religious equality which he established continued until 1692, when under the royal 
government which temporarily supplanted the Proprietary, there was for the first time an ecclesiastical 
establishment in Maryland. 



13 The Monumental City, 

four years. But for the most part they were but tentative, being intended 
only for places of landing and shipment, having but little territory assigned 
to them, and being as easily unmade as made. The excessive number of 
the towns was however for a long time a great hindrance to their growth and 
development, on account of the division of interests it occasioned, and the 
rivalries and jealousies which consequently arose. 

As the settlements extended northward it was impossible that the advantages 
to be derived from the establishment of a port near the head of the bay could 
long escape the consideration of the colonists; and in looking for a place 
adapted for that purpose, their attention would naturally be drawn to the 
Patapsco Eiver, in which, at a distance of only about fourteen miles from the 
bay, they found, at tide water, a safe and commodious harbor, easy of access, 
and navigable by the largest vessels. Accordingly, in 1729,^' an act was passed 
by the Assembly "for erecting a town on the north side of Patapsco in Balti- 
more County, and for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the 
place where one John Flemming now lives." The "sixty acres" which were 
thus assigned as the dimensions of the town, were purchased by the Commis- 
sioners appointed for that purpose, at forty shillings per acre, or about ten 
dollars of our present money. 

The metes and bpunds of the town as originally laid out are thus described 
in Griffith's Annals, viz : " Commencing at a point near the northwest inter- 
section of what are now called Pratt and Light streets, and running north- 
westerly along or near Uhler's alley towards the great eastern road, and a 
great gully, or drain, at or near Sharpe street, then across Baltimore street 
east of the gully northeasterly with the same road afterwards called the 
Church Eoad, and now McClellan's alley, to the precipice which overhung 
the falls at or near the southwest corner of St. Paul street [now Saratoga] 
and St. Paul's lane, then with the bank of that stream, southerly and easterly, 
various courses unto the low grounds ten perches west of Gay street, then due 
south along the margin of those low grounds to the bank on the north side of 
the river, and then by that bank various courses, nearly as Water street runs, 
westerly and southerly, to the first mentioned point." Although the position 
selected for Baltimore indicates that its founders had in view the facilities for 
trade which it enjoyed, the small amount of land originally taken, and the 
nature of the ground selected, surrounded as it was by hills, water courses and 
marshes, clearly show that they had no anticipation of what were actually to 
be the size and importance of the city they were founding. The hills with 
which the city abounds, and which at this day contribute so much to its 
picturesqueness, have rendered the work of extending and grading streets in 
many instances both difficult and expensive. "The precipice overhanging the 
falls"* alluded to, has either entirely disappeared, or been converted into 
graded declivities. Through the city of to-day flow no less than three streams, 
known as Jones' Falls, Harford Eun and Chatsworth Eun, (but of these only 

* Jones' Falls, a stream that flows through the midst of the city. 



Its Past Histoey and Present Eesoueces. 13 

the first named is now nncovered,) while a fourth, Gwynn's Falls, forms a 
portion of the city's boundary upon the west. A marsh which extended along 
the border of Jones' Falls, and formed the eastern boundary of the town as 
first laid out, has long since been filled up and built upon. 

Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the unusual facilities for direct com- 
munication with the interior, the great security of the harbor, the remarkable 
healthfulness of the situation, (probably greatly contributed to by the excel- 
lent natural drainage,) the fertility of the surrounding country, the abundance 
of stone, lime, iron and timber in the immediate vicinity, and the many mill 
seats obtainable upon the neighboring streams, amply justify the sagacity 
shown in the selection of the site. 

The town having been duly surveyed, and divided into sixty lots of about 
one acre each, an office was opened for purchasers on the 14th of January, 
1730. It was stipulated in the terms of purchase that a house "covering at 
least four hundred square feet " should be erected within eighteen months ; 
and no person was permitted to take up more than one lot during the first 
four months. The buyers appear to have been very few, and the lots went 
off but slowly; — so slowly indeed that some of them having remained untaken 
for seven years, reverted to the original owners of the land, according to the 
terms of the law under which the town was erected. 

When the town was first laid out, there was scarcely a house standing upon 
the whole sixty acres ; some few settlements had however been made in the 
neighborhood, and lands had been taken up as early as 1662. The first 
actual settler is said to have been Mr. David Jones, who, about the year 1680, 
having purchased some land, erected a house upon the north [or east] side "of 
the falls,*^ which bear his name. Other houses were built in that neighbor- 
hood, and in 1732 the settlement was erected into a town by the name 
of Jones-Town, comprising ten acres of land, and separated from Balti- 
more-Town by the falls and the marsh, of which mention has already been 
made. In 1743 the two townsHvere united, and the name of Baltimore given 
to both, and in 1747 the intermediate territory, comprising eighteen acres^ 
was added to the town. On account of the older settlement in that locality, 
Jones-Town was generally called " Old-Town," and the name is still applied 
to that portion of the city which occupies the site of the ancient town. In 
1730, William Fell, a ship-carpenter, settled upon the point one mile south- 
east from the town upon the outer basin. In 1773, although at that time a 
long stretch of vacant country lay between, the point, which had then become 
a flourishing settlement, was added to the town. Like " Old-Town," it has 
retained its ancient name, being still called, after its first settler, " Fell's 
Point." Whetstone Point, on the south side of the basin, upon the extreme 
end of which Fort McHenry is situated, and which now forms a part of the 
city, was made a town as early as 1706. From these separate towns and 
settlements the city has grown up. They have for many years been united, 
not only in name, but by unbroken lines of buildings which cover all the 



14 The Moistumental City. 

spaces by which they were once separated ; so that only the traditionary 
names are left to distinguish the old localities. 

For some years after its foundation, Baltimore gave little promise of its 
future greatness. In 1752 a rough sketch of the town, as it appeared 
from Federal Hill, was made by Mr. John Moale. A reduced cut of this 
sketch as corrected and completed by Mr. Daniel Bowly, is given on the 
opposite page. Though twenty-two years had elapsed since its foundation, 
the town then numbered but twenty-five houses, including a school-house 
and a church. The church (St. Paul's) which is represented in the sketch 
.upon the highest point in the town, was begun by the members of the Church 
of England in 1731, but was not completed until 1744. Its successor, the 
present church at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, occupies a site 
•very near that upon which the original building stood. But four of the 
houses in the town at that time were built of brick, and for these the bricks 
were imported from England; as the inhabitants had not yet discovered that 
directly under their feet Avas the clay for making the finest bricks in the 
world. Judging from the number of houses, the population of the town 
could not then have been more than 200; but in the Gentlemen's Magazine 
the population of the county for the same year is given as 17,233. 

The only two sea-going vessels then owned in the town, are represented in 
the sketch. They were the sloop " Baltimore," belonging to Mr. William 
Lux, and the brig "Philip and Charles," belonging to Mr. Nicholas Eogers. 
The latter was the first square-rigged vessel owned here. To the right of the 
picture appears the first Tobacco Inspection Warehouse, the importance of 
that product of the Province, which at that time was its principal article of 
export, having already given occasion for the inspection system which pre- 
vails to this day. 

The effect of the war, which raged shortly after this period between the 
English and French settlements in this country, tended to promote the growth 
of Baltimore by disposing the inhabitants to remain at the old settlements 
rather than penetrate into the sparsely inhabited regions in the interior. After 
the defeat of the English forces under General Braddock at Fort Du Qnesne, 
in 1755, the Indian allies of the French, having passed Forts Cumberland and 
Frederick, penetrated to within eighty miles of Baltimore. So great Avas the 
consternation created in the town by raids in the neighborhood, that the 
women and children were put, for greater safety, upon the vessels lying in the 
harbor, and a strong fence of palisades was ordered to be constructed, encircling 
the town. The successful issue of the campaig-n of 1758 and the capture of 
Fort Du Quesne having caused the fears excited by these incursions to be 
allayed, the defences soon fell a prey to the more needy portion of the commu- 
nity, who found in the palisades a convenient supply of fire-wood. 

In the year 1756 a considerable addition Ivas made to the population of the 
town by the arrival of a band of French refugees from Nova Scotia, (then called 
Acadia,) of which the English had obtained possession. 




Willi 



JiUUiyi^UJiUMjJiUlJlllLli 



16 The Monumental City, 

From about tliis time seems to date the growth of Baltimore. Fell's Point, 
which, as has been already remarked, was not added to the town uatil 1773, 
became a busy seat of industry. Ship-yards were established there, and on 
account of its greater accessibility for the shipping, many merchants made their 
residence there, so that for a long time it was doubtful whether town or point 
was to be the nucleus of the future city. A disposition for internal improve- 
ments manifested itself at this time. In 1763, the first market-house was 
built, situated at the corner of Baltimore and Gay streets. In 1766, the marsh 
between Frederick street and the falls was ordered to be filled, and in 1768, 
Baltimore had risen so much in importance as to justify the removal of the 
court-house from Joppa, (now an inconsiderable village in the northwestern 
portion of the county, on the Grunpowder Eiver,) to this place. Baltimore 
continued to be the county seat until 1851, when the city and county jurisdic- 
tions were separated and the county courts established at Towsontown. In 
1769, the first fire-engine, which was bought by a few public spirited men at a 
cost of £99, was introduced, and the same year, the first Koman Catholic 
Church was erected. The site of it is now occupied by Calvert Hall, a 
school of the Eedemptorists, on Saratoga street. In 1773, a workhouse was 
established, a small theatre erected, and a Methodist congregation organized. 
The members of the Methodist society (which was yet in its infancy) built a 
church for their use in Strawberry alley, and the next year, one in Lovely lane. 

The general prosperity of the Province since the foundation of Baltimore, 
appears from the rapid increase in the population. In 1733, the taxable 
inhahitants, (i. e. all males above the age of sixteen and all negro or mulatto 
females,) numbered 31,470. In 1748 the entire population was 130,000, 
(94,000 whites and 36,000 blacks.) In 1756, it had increased to 154,188, 
(107,963 whites and 46,225 blacks.) In 1761, it amounted to 164,007, 
(114,332 whites and 49,675 blacks.) A valuable addition to the population 
during this period, (but one which was greatly deplored at the time by the 
good people of the Province,) was the number of convicts imported, which 
is estimated to have been no less than fifteen or twenty thousand. They 
were brought over by private shippers, who made a contract with the gov- 
ernment of England for the purpose, and sold them into servitude in the 
Province for their term of transportation. Hazardous as it was to introduce 
into a community such great numbers of persons whose past record was that 
of crime, the experiment worked well. The lack of labor, which, as in all 
new countries, had been felt as a serious inconvenience in the colony, was 
by this means supplied, and the convicts, becoming identified with the 
ordinary population, when their term of servitude expired, many of tliem 
were transformed into useful and reputable citizens, and some of them rose 
to honorable distinction.* 

The exports of tobacco from Maryland to England were estimated in 1761 
to be about 28,000 hhds. annually, valued at £140,000. The other exports at 

• McMahou, p. 314. 



Its Past Histoky and Present Resoueoes. 17 

this period were wheat, lumber, corn, flour, pig and bar iron in small quanti- 
ties, skins and furs; but the total value of all these commodities was estimated 
in 1761 at only £80.000.* 

The policy of England was to stifle all manufacturing industry in her 
colonies, so as to preserve in them a market for her own productions. In 
pursuance of this system, manufactures were prohibited, and notwithstanding 
the guaranty given in the charter of Maryland to the contrary,f the trade of 
the colonies was restricted to England and her possessions. Thus thwarted 
and repressed, Maryland made but little progress in commerce during this 
period. Beyond the coarse homespun manufactured in private families for 
their own use, there was nothing deserving the name of manufacture in the 
Province, excepting the production of iron ; and so great was the jealousy with 
which England looked upon even this enterprise, that in order to discourage 
it, a bounty was offered upon English iron imported into the colonies. J The 
Assembly of Maryland, in 1719, attempted to counteract this influence by 
offering a free grant of one hundred acres of land to any one who would 
put up a furnace or forge. As early as 1749, eight furnaces and nine forges 
were in operation in the Province ; § but for the materials for clothing 
and all the appliances of civilized life, the colonists were kept entirely 
dependent upon England. In the condition of the shipping, the same state 
of dependence existed; in restricting the trade of the colonies to English 
ports, England took care to see that that trade was carried in English 
bottoms. So that, while in 1761 there were employed in the trade between 
England and Maryland, one hundred, and twenty vessels of 18,000 tons 
burthen, the entire shipping of the colony, (which indeed had suffered con- 
siderable diminution during the war with the French settlements,) amounted 
to but thirty vessels of 1,300 tons, chiefly employed in the trade with the 
English possessions in the West Indies.jl Notwithstanding that these condi- 
tions of commercial dependence upon England were for a long period quietly 
acquiesced in, the Province gradually grew in strength and population, and 
in the development of those internal resources which are a necessary con- 
dition to the independent existence of every State. 

Affairs were in this condition when there came the first mutterings of that 
storm which was about to break over the American colonies, and amid the 

* McMahon, p. 315. t See page 9. 

tMcSherry's History of Maryland, page 116. In 1750 an act was passed by the English Parliament, 
taking the duty off of American iron, but at the same time prohibiting the erection of slitting or rolling 
mills in the colonies. The object of this measure was the preservation of the English forests from con- 
sumption as fuel for furnaces. 

§ An interesting relic of the iron manufactories of those days recently came into the possession of the 
Stickney Iron Company, consisting of two or three pigs of iron discovered at the bed of the Patapeco Riveri 
just below the city, at a point between Fort McHeury and the wharf of the Stickney Company's Furnaee. 
These pigs are corroded and covered with barnacles, but distinctly bear the mark "Principio * 1751,' 
showing that they have probably lain at the bottom of the river for more than a century. The Principio 
Furnace was erected in Cecil County, abont 1715-20. 
McMahon, p 316 

2 



18 The Monumental Citt, 

struggles and hardsliips of which, the bands which bonnd them to Eng- 
land were to be finally severed, and the foundations laid of their future 
greatness. 

The restrictions and encroachments which had been made by England, under 
the plea of regulating commerce, upon the trade of the colonies, although giving 
rise to occasional manifestations of dissatisfaction, had for the most part been 
quietly submitted to. But notwithstanding this, the colonies with one consent 
stoutly maintained their exclusive and indefeasible rights to regulate all matters 
relating to their own internal government, and the imposition of taxes. In no 
colony was this feeling more deeply rooted than in Maryland. Proud of their 
charter government, and the rights it assiired them, the freemen of this 
Province viewed any encroachment upon their liberties with peculiar jealousy. 
England on the other hand was as persistently determined to abrogate all char- 
tered rights, and take the matter of taxation into her own hands, so as to derive 
a revenue from the colonies by this means. When, at length, the war with 
France having been brought to a successful termination, the French posses- 
sions in America were ceded to England by the Treaty of Paris, (1763,) 
and England was thus left to deal with only her own colonies, without the 
possibility of foreign intervention, the time seemed to have come when the 
long cherished plans of taxation might be ]3ut into successful operation. 
Well aware of the difficulties of the undertaking, and the opposition which it 
would excite on the part of the colonists, the English government proceeded 
slowly towards its accomplishment, cautiously feeling the temper of the colon- 
ists, and seeking to adopt, as the entering wedge of the odious measures, some 
plan of taxation which should be as little onerous as possible. The history of 
the "Stamp Act," by which it was hoped that a tax — free from all the annoy- 
ances of collection — might be successfully imposed upon the colonies, belongs 
to the history of the whole country. The act Avas passed by the English 
Parliament in March, 1765. Perceiving the necessity for united and concerted 
action on their part, the colonies had recourse in this emergency to a Conti- 
nental Co7igress. The Congress assembled at New York in October of the 
same year, and in its firm but temperate tone, the colonies gave unmistakable 
evidence that they were arrayed with an unbroken front against the aggres- 
sions of the mother country. 

The sturdy opposition to the tax which was maintained by all the colonies, 
and which led to the repeal of the act by the Englisli Parliament the very 
next year after its passage, manifested itself in Maryland by the prompt 
exi^ulsion of the Stamp distributor from the Province, with every mark of 
indignation and contempt, immediately upon his arrival from- England; and 
a quantity of stamped paper which arrived here was not suffered to be taken 
from the ship in which it was brought over. 

Although from the impossibility of enforcing it, the English Parliament 
was thus obliged to repeal the Stamp Act, the long cherished purpose 
of taxino- the colonies was not abandoned. The next method resorted to 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 19 

for accomplishing this object, was the imposition of a duty on certain articles — 
especially tea — imported into the colonies. This duty, it was thought, might 
be successfully imposed under cover of the right to. regulate commerce, 
which had been already conceded to the English government. But public 
feeling in this country was now too thoroughly aroused for any plan of taxa- 
tion to be submitted to. "Non-importation Societies" were formed for the 
purpose of excluding English merchandise from the colonies. The American 
market being thus closed, a large quantity of tea accumulated in the ware- 
houses of the East India Company. It then became the interest of that 
Company to co-operate with Parliament in attempting to force the tea into 
the American colonies; and in order to facilitate that Company in its efforts, 
in May, 1773, Parliament allowed a drawback upon tea exported to America, 
so that the duty might be imposed without enhancing the price of the article. 
Under this arrangement, several cargoes of tea were shipped with the hope 
that now they would be admitted into the country. But the colonies were 
contending for a principle; they claimed that they could not be taxed by a 
Parliament in which they had no representation, and they would agree to 
nothing that involved a surrender of that principle. The vessels consigned 
to New York and Philadelphia were forced to return without unloading; that 
consigned to Boston was boarded at night by a party of citizens in disguise, 
and its contents thrown overboard. Several packages of tea that were brought 
over by a vessel that came into the St. Mary's River, Maryland, in August, 
1774, were sent back without being unloaded; while a vessel which arrived in 
the October following, at Annapolis, (then the principal city, and still the 
capital of Maryland,) with eighteen packages of tea on board, was not allowed 
to come up to the landing; and the consignee, who had paid the duty on the 
tea, in the hope of being permitted to land it, could only allay the popular 
indignation by burning the vessel and its contents, setting fire to it with his 
own hand. As a consequence of the destruction of the tea at Boston, a bill, 
depriving that city of its privileges as a port of entry and discharge, was 
passed by Parliament, and received the royal sanction March 31, 1774. 

A Continental Congress, which had proved so successful against the Stamp 
Act, was in the present emergency again resorted to. It assembled in Phila- 
delphia, September 5th, 1774. The unanimous and determined resolution 
exhibited by this Congress to maintain the colonial rights and liberties, 
showed plainly that the English government had aroused a bold and free- 
spirited people. A system of non-importation, which had already been very 
generally adopted, was now formally recommended, excluding from the 
country not only the taxed articles, but all articles whatsoever which came 
either directly or indirectly from Great Britain or Ireland. Corresponding 
restrictions were laid upon exportations; so that the system recommended 
was really one of non-intercourse with the mother country. The object 
which the colonies sought to accomplish by these means, was the repeal of 
the obnoxious measures of taxation. They still hoped that the English 



20 The Monumental City, 

government wonld recede from its position, as it liad done in the case of the 
Stamp Act. A strong feeling yet existed, on the part of many, against 
hostilities with the country they still called "home." But the course of the 
English government showed that there was nothing to be hoped for from 
that quarter. "The petitions" of the colonies "were spurned, their assem- 
blies declared rebellious, their persons and property made objects of plunder,. 
and those bloodhounds of war, foreign mercenaries, were to be let loose upon 
them to pillage and desolate their country."* All hope of reconciliation 
was now removed, and the American people were ready to sever the last ties 
that bound them to England. On both sides the preparations for hostilities 
began. The decisive step was at last taken. On the 4th of July, 1776, the 
Continental Congress, then assembled in Philadelphia, published to the world 
the Declaration of Independence. The news was received in Baltimore with 
great enthusiasm. On the 22d of the month, the Declaration was publicly 
read from the Court-Hou je,^ amid the acclamations of the people, the firing 
of salutes, and cries for the prosperity of the United States. At night the 
town was illuminated. 

The Proprietary government of Maryland was at this time held by Henry 
Harford, Esq., an illegitimate son of the last Lord Baltimore, who had died 
in 1771, and with whom th e title ha d become extinct. Towards the govern- 
ment of the Lords Baltimore, who, for" the most part, had ruled the Province- 
with a beneficent sway, the people of Maryland entertained feelings of loyal 
attachment; but towards the present Proprietary, a stranger in person and in 
name, none of these feelings existed. His government was promptly over- 
thrown, and a Convention called to frame a constitutional government for the 
new " State of Maryland." In this Convention, which assembled at Annapolis, 
on the 14th of August, 1776, Baltimore-Town, (which could now boast of 
564 houses and 5,934 inhabitants, with 821 more at the point,) for the first 
time had representation separate from the county, being permitted to send 
two delegates in addition to the four returned from the county. 

From the very commencement of the war, and throughout its continuance,. 
Maryland entered into it with spirit and energy. The nearness of the battle- 
fields caused constant demands to be made upon this State, for supplies of both 
troops and provisions. The demands were promptly met; and the troops- 
themselves, by their gallant conduct in many a hard-fought field, have made- 
famous the name of the Maryland Line. At the battle of Long Island,. 
(Brooklyn Heights) August 27, 1776, when the Maryland troops were for the- 
first time brought into action, a part of a battalion shook, with repeated 
bayonet charge s, a whole brigade of British regulars. The reputation which 
they then won, as being the first American troops to use the bayonet, was well 
maintained. On more than one occasion thereafter, Maryland troops charged 
and repulsed the enemy with unloaded muskets. In addition to her troojj^ 
in the field, Maryland had, during a part of the war, to maintain a separate 

* McMahon, p. 429. 



Its Past History axd Present Eesources. 21 

marine service, for the protection of her shores from the English cruisers, 
which, until the arrival of a French fleet in 1779, continually infested the 
•Chesapeake Bay. 

The demand for money for the public service, far beyond what could be 
raised by taxation, which the necessities of the war occasioned, led to immense 
issues of State and Continental paper currency. This currency, without 
•credit, and with a compulsory circulation, very soon became greatly depre- 
-ciated. Perceiving the ruinous tendency of a superabundant and depreciated 
currency, Congress sought to correct the evils inseparable from such a condi- 
tion of affairs, by calling upon the States to contribute their respective shares 
for redeeming the greater part of the circulation. The portion for which 
Maryland was thus called upon to provide, was more than $20,000,000. 
Finding it quite impossible to raise this sum by taxation, it was finally 
determined by the Assembly of Maryland, in March, 1781, to redeem it, by a 
new issue, (called the Uach money,) at the rate of forty of the old for one of the 
mew. The next year the black currency was replaced by a new issue, called the 
red money. The credit of this issue was better sustained than that of former 
issues, as the proceeds of the sales of the confiscated property of persons dis- 
affected to the cause of American liberties, was pledged for its redemption. 

The privations and necessities of the Revolutionary War, called for the 
■exercise in the American people of the very qualities which formed the best 
guaranty of the stability of that independence for which they fought; namely, 
-a dependence on themselves and their own resources. Various branches of 
manufacture which had been prohibited under British rule, were estab- 
lished during this period, to supply the place of the foreign products, which 
•could no longer be obtained. As early as 1778, there were established in 
Baltimore-Town a linen factory, a bleach yard, a paper mill, a woollen and 
linen factory, a slitting mill, a card factory and two nail factories.' And 
notwithstanding the difficulties which had to be encountered, a very consid- 
■erable foreign trade was carried on— chiefly with the West Indies— in the 
swift-sailing craft of the Chesapeake. The progress made in commerce at 
this time, was sufficiently great to lead to the establishment of a custom-house 
.at Baltimore, in 1780; thus relieving the merchants of this place from the 
-delays and inconvenience to which they had hitherto been subjected, in 
■entering and clearing their vessels at the custom-house at Annapolis. 

During the years intervening between the cessation of hostilities (1782) and 
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, (1788) there was a temporary 
suspension of even that commercial activity that had been able to exist during 
the war. With a depreciated currency, inadequate shipping, an unpaid war 
debt of $44,000,000, and the future condition of the country, and even its 
national existence, enveloped in uncertainty, there was cause enough to para- 
lyze for a while even the most determined energy. The commercial difficulties 
at this time were very much increased by an over-importation of foreign 
goods. The low prices of tobacco and flour, which still formed the principal 



23 The Monumental City, 

articles of export from Maryland, added to the distress in this part of the 
country. But this state of things was not destined to continue long. The 
establishment of the Federal Government, and the funding of the public 
debt, restored a feeling of confidence, and there soon followed a period of 
remarkable commercial activity and prosperity. 

A new avenue that was opened for the tobacco trade, tended directly to 
secure for Baltimore that pre-eminence to which it was justly entitled, but 
for which it had long to struggle with several other towns, which in those 
days were formidable rivals. Under England's colonial system, the tobacco 
trade before the Eevolution, had been carried on exclusively with English 
merchants, who had their agencies at some of the older towns, situated at 
convenient places of landing and shipment upon the rivers. Among the 
prmcipal seats of this trade were Annapolis, Bladensburg, Upper Marlboro', 
and Elk Eidge Landing. To these places, the tobacco, securely packed in 
hogsheads, was conveyed from the plantations by being rolled along roads 
that were constructed for the purpose. Several of these primitive roads still 
exist in the State. One of them, which leads through a part of Baltimore 
County to Elk Eidge Landing, still bears the name of the "Eolling Eoad." 

After the war, the English merchants sought to regain their lucrative 
traffic, and for this purpose re-established their agencies at the former places 
of trade; but in the meanwhile a Dutch house had settled at Baltimore, and 
entered largely into the tobacco business, purchasing for direct shipment to 
Holland. By the acquisition of capital, the Baltimore merchants were soon 
enabled to make shipments in their own vessels, and for their own account. 
In this manner, the tobacco trade became entirely diverted to Baltimore, and 
the agencies of the English houses at other places were discontinued. 

With the advancement of commerce, the condition of the harbor of Balti- 
more began to attract attention. In 1783, a board of nine port- wardens was 
appointed, with authority to make a survey and chart of the basin, harbor 
and Patapsco Eiver, to ascertain the depth and course of the channel, and 
provide for the cleaning of the same. In order to defray the expense of thia 
undertaking, an impost of one penny per ton, (afterwards increased to two- 
pence,) was laid upon all vessels entering or clearing. 

The water at that time reached up to Exchange Place and Water street on 
the north, and nearly to Charles street on the west; the space occupied by water 
being estimated as equal to double the surface of the present basin and docks. 
While the means of intercourse Avith foreign countries were being thus 
improved, domestic and inland connections were not overlooked. In 1782 a 
line of stages was established between Philadelphia and Baltimore, and the 
following year lines to Frederick-Town and Annapolis. A company was 
organized to make a canal on the Susquehanna, and shortly after the Potomac 
Canal Company was formed. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company 
was not organized until 1799, but the project had been contemplated, and 
the surveys made, as early as 1769. As the first indication in tliis viciuity of 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 23 

bhe revolution which steam was about to introduce in the commercial world, 
James Rumsey, of Cecil County, procured, in 1784, the exclusive privilege for 
this State for making and vending "vessels to be propelled by steam with 
or against the current." 

In the general spirit of progress manifested at this time, the internal 
improvement of the town was not neglected. The streets were extended, and 
for the first time paved; and the various bridges across the falls were put in 
a more substantial condition. The single market-house which had hitherto 
been used, being found inadequate to the wants of the growing population, 
(which in 1782 was estimated at 8,000, an increase of one-third since 1775,) 
it was abandoned in 1783 and three new ones erected, in which market was 
held on different days of the week. The three new markets established Avere 
the Centre Market, on land given by Mr. Thomas Harrison; the Fell's Point 
Market, for the benefit of the residents at the Point, which was built on land 
given by Mr. William Fell; and the Hanover Market, for the accommodation 
of persons in what was then the extreme western portion of the town. 

The ground upon which the Centre Market was erected was a part of the 
marsh which has been hitherto spoken of as lying along the western border 
of the falls. It was at first intended to dredge, out and make a long dock of 
the lower portion of this marsh; but this plan was in part abandoned when 
the erection of the market-house was determined on. From the nature of its 
site, the Centre Market is still popularly called the "Marsh Market," and the 
dock that comes up to its lower end, bears, and Avell merits, the name of 
"Long Dock." In 1785, the wharves of the town were much extended and 
improved. Among the improvements of this year, may be especially men- 
tioned the construction of Bowly's Wharf. 

In 1784, the first Sugar Refinery was established in the town, and the same 
year some Glass Works were erected on the Monocacy River, in Frederick 
County, by some German manufacturers. These works were removed to 
Baltimore in 1788, and located upon the south side of the basin, where they 
still continue. 

The revolution in France, and the subsequent wars upon the continent of 
Europe, gave the occasion for that period of commercial enterprise and activity 
to which allusion has already been made. The opportunity was grasped by 
the merchants of Baltimore with promptness and energy; and from 1790 until 
the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, this city was distinguished 
for its rapid growth in population and commercial importance. 

The interruption to agriculture occasioned by the wars, caused an increased 
demand in Europe for American wheat and flour. The colonies too of 
European nations, which, under the prevailing colonial system, were per- 
mitted in time of peace to have intercourse with the parent countries only, 
being cut off by hostile cruisers from their accustomed avenues of trade, were 
compelled to seek in America a market for the sale of their produce and the 
purchase of their necessary supplies. An active foreign trade, both with 



24 The Monumental City, 

Europe and the West Indies, was thus created; and the sailing qualities of 
the craft of the Chesapeake, which had already acquired a high reputation, 
before the invention of steam, for fast sailing, secured for Baltimore the 
greater portion of that trade. The sailing qualities of these vessels, which 
have made the name of "Baltimore Clippers" familiar throughout the world, 
were at that time unequalled by any vessels built in this country, and unap- 
proached by any built in Europe. Indeed, it was long before the art of 
constructing them was practised anywhere outside of the Chesapeake Bay. 
They were schooner-rigged, and the great secret of their excellence lay in the 
fact that they were built so as to sail within four or four and a half points of 
the wind. The advantage that this peculiarity gave them, enabled them in 
most cases successfully to elude the pursuit of any vessels belonging to the 
blockading squadrons of the belligerent powers that might offer to give them 
chase; for if they could but get to windward of their pursuers, it was useless 
for vessels of any other construction to attempt to follow them. 

Such was the success of the " Baltimore Clippers," that this city enjoyed 
during the period of which we are speaking, the chief part of the European 
and West Indian trades of this country, besides doing a large carrying trade 
between the nations of Europe and the West Indies. For the latter, this was 
one of the principal markets in the world, whether for selling or purchasing; 
and those West India goods that found their way to Europe, were for the 
most part shipped first to Baltimore, and reshipped from here to their place 
of final destination. The quantity of these goods brought to this port was so 
great, that sales of them were chiefly made at auction, in entire cargoes. 
These auction sales were at that time a special feature of the Baltimore market. 

Upon the restoration of peace in 1801, the nations of Europe immediately 
enforced their colonial systems, (by which the trade of the colonies was 
restricted to their parent countries,) and thus that portion of the foreign and 
carrying trade of Baltimore, that had arisen in consequence of the suspension 
of those systems, was for a time interrupted. But the interruption was of 
short duration. Upon the resumption of hostilities, in 1803, occasion was 
again given for the exercise of that adventurous spirit of enterprise that had 
before been so successful; and notwithstanding the Orders in Council and 
Decrees wherewith the belligerent powers of Europe sought to close each 
other's ports against the commerce of the world, the adventurous merchants 
and daring seamen of Baltimore succeeded in maintaining their commerce 
until the close of the year 1807, when, as a retaliatory measure to the restric- 
tions imposed upon trade by the nations of Europe, a general embargo was 
proclaimed by the government of the United States. 

Although the hazardous trade of this period was for the most part success- 
fully and profitably prosecuted, heavy losses were occasionally incurred by 
the capture of some of the blockade-runners, while attempting to elude the 
vigilance of the squadrons which were everywhere on the lookout for them. 
Prior to the year 1795, when the first Marine Insurance Companies were 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 35 

established here, the merchants either took the risk of these losses themselves, 
or else effected an insurance Avith private capitalists, who, for a consideration, 
would guarantee them against loss. This was, during the last century, the 
usual method of marine insurance practised both in this country and in 
England, where the custom which long prevailed, of exposing the name and 
description of vessels upon which insurance was asked, at Lloyd's Coffee 
House, for the capitalists who congregated there to lorite under their names 
and the amounts they were willing to venture, has caused the terms "Lloyds" 
and "underwriting" to be permanently identified with the business of marine 
insurance. 

Upon the removal of the embargo in 1809, besides the reopening of the old 
channels of trade, the neutral shipping of America was largely occupied, from 
that time until the outbreak of the war with G-reat Britain in 1812, in sup- 
plying the English army in Spain, which it was found necessary to provision 
chiefly from this country. 

The prosperity of Baltimore at this time was not maintained solely by 
a foreign and carrying trade. The imports, which were far beyond the 
requirements for home consumption, could not have been disposed of, if a 
market had not been found for them beyond the limits of the town, nor could 
the demands for export have been met, if produce and cereals had not been 
drawn from the agricultural regions of the interior. Its central position, its 
accessibility as an inland seaport, and the direction of the water-courses, made 
Baltimore the first, as it is still, the natural market for the AVest. 

The western trade, which, before the Kevolution, had been conveyed on the 
backs of pack-horses, walking in single file through the narrow paths which 
led across the mountains, now required for its transportation the huge canvass- 
covered "Conestoga" wagons, which, with their teams of six or eight horses, 
and jingling bells, used to traverse the old Braddock's road and the turnpikes 
that had been constructed as far as the navigable waters of the West. The 
relics of this old method of transportation may yet be discerned in the immense 
yards, made for the accommodation of these wagons and teams, attached to a 
few of the old inns in Baltimore that have yet escaped the march of improve- 
ment. 

The actual growth of Baltimore during this period is best indicated by the 
increase in the population, which, from the United States census reports, we 
are now able to observe by decades. In 1790, the population numbered 13,503. 
In 1800, it had increased to 31,514, and in 1810, to 46,555. A considerable 
accession had been made, in 1793, by the arrival of French refugees, to the 
number of about 3,000, from Cape Frangois. Besides the increase in the 
population, which this arrival made, it was of benefit to Baltimore as the 
means of stimulating that West Indian trade, which contributed so greatly 
to the prosperity of the city during this period. The tonnage of the town, 
which, soon after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was reported as 
36,305 tons registered vessels, and 7,976 licensed and enrolled, had increased 



26 The Mon"umental City, 

in 1795, to 48,007 of the former, and 24,470 of the latter. The same year 
there were counted in passing to Baltimore 109 ships, 162 brigs, 350 sloops 
and schooners, and 5,464 bay craft and small coasters. On the 31st December, 
1796, sixty-seven years after its foundation, "Baltimore-Town" was at last 
promoted to the dignity of a city, incorporated by the State Legislature under 
the name of the "Mayor and City Council of Baltimore." 

Among the public buildings and internal improvements which deserve men- 
tion, Fort McHenry, on the extreme end of Whetstone Point, was built in 1794. 
In 1795, a number of flouring mills were established in and about the city. 
The Baltimore Library Company was established the same year. In 1805, the 
present court-house was begun, and occupied in 1809. The corner-stone of 
the Eoman Catholic Cathedral was laid in 1806, but this building was not 
completed sufficiently for consecration until 1821. In 1808 the water com- 
pany, for supplying the city with water was incorporated, and the same year, 
the manufacturing interests of the city were increased by the erection of 
several new factories upon Gwynn's and Jones' Falls. 

The arrogant claims made by England to a "right of search," that is, a 
right of overhauling on the high-seas and searching the vessels of foreign • 
nations, with the purpose of taking therefrom any seamen tliat might be 
claimed as British subjects, added to the restrictions with which she constantly 
sought to embarrass the trade of this country, led to a declaration of war by 
the United States government on 18th January, 1812. While some portions 
of the country were violently opposed to that measure, Maryland, though from 
her position and the nature of her trade, necessarily one of the chief sufferers 
by the war, was forward and determined in supporting the policy of the 
general government. 

From the commencement of the war, the Chesapeake Bay was vigorously 
blockaded by the British fleet. Its position, affording an approach to the 
interior and the National Capital, and the reputation its craft had acquired in 
the commerce abroad, made it an important place to occupy and close. Occa- 
sionally a Baltimore vessel was able to elude the blockading squadron and get 
to sea, but a return to port was quite impossible. In this extremity the 
merchants of Baltimore resorted to the expedient of ordering their vessels 
to return to other ports less vigorously blockaded, and there deliver and 
receive their cargoes. By availing in this way of other ports, and convey- 
ing their merchandise inland by means of wagons, the merchants of Balti- 
more were able to retain possession, in large measure, of their foreign com- 
merce. 

During the war a number of privateers were fitted out at Baltimore, some 
of which performed very gallant and distinguished service. In 1814, the war 
was brought directly home to our people. Hitherto, descents had been made 
by the enemy's fleet only at comparatively undefended points along the bay 
shore; but in August of this year, a force of 5,000 men, under General Ross, 



Its Past History aistd Peesent Kesoueces. 27 

was landed on tlie Patuxent Kiyer, and began their march towards Wash- 
ington. Having overcome, on 24th August, a force which had been gathered 
at Bladensburg to resist them, they proceeded to Washington and burned the 
National Capitol, the President's Mansion, Government offices, public records, 
the Library, and much private property. 

After this success. General Eoss next turned his attention towards Bal- 
timore. On the 12th September a force of 5,000 men was landed upon 
North Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco River. They were met by 
an inferior force of Maryland and Pennsylvania militia, and a sharp engage- 
ment ensued, at the close of which the militia fell back to a position nearer 
the city, but not until they had inflicted such a loss upon the enemy as 
deterred them from following. The commander of the invading force. 
General Ross, was killed early in the engagement. On the evening of the 
next day an unsuccessful attack was made by the fleet upon Fort McHenry, 
and during the night a force, which, under cover of the fleet, had passed by 
the fort in barges, was met with such a destructive fire from the batteries 
which had been erected on the point, above the fort, that one of the barges 
was sunk, and the others retreated precipitately to the fleet. Thus gallantly 
resisted by land and water, the invading force abandoned the attack upon 
Baltimore, and made no similar attempt upon other cities. The war was 
brought to a close about the end of the year by the Treaty of Ghent, signed 
14tli of December, and ratified by the United States the 17th of February 
following. 

After the close of the war, commerce began to resume its former channels. 
But the wars with which the Continent of Europe had been so long convulsed 
were about drawing to their close. And upon the final overthrow of the 
Empire in France, in 1815, and the return of peace, the nations of Europe 
resumed their own carrying trade, and the American merchants were thus 
deprived of a trade of which they had had almost a monopoly. In the years 
1817, 1818 and 1819, short wheat crops in England caused a demand in that 
country for Maryland wheat; and in consequence of the removal of the Portu- 
guese Court to Brazil, and the revolutions which resulted in the overthrow of 
Spanish rule in South America, new avenues of trade were opened to the 
enterprise of our merchants in that quarter. 

But a greater evil than the curtailment of foreign trade had to be contended 
with at this time. The Bank of the United States had expired by limitation 
in 1811. Immediately there sprang up a host of local banks subject to no 
restrictions whatever in their operations. Upon the closing of the ports upon 
the Chesapeake Bay daring the war with England, and the consequent 
diversion of the trade of the Middle States to places which were less molested, 
it soon appeared that the specie of the Middle States would be attracted to 
places of greater activity. To prevent this drain, the banks resorted to the 
suspension of specie payment and the issue of a paper currency. And when 



28 The Monumental City, 

the demand for money occasioned by the exigencies of the war arose, it was 
met by large issnes of this money. This method of manufacturing capital 
was found so easy and attractive, that it was indulged in recklessly and without 
limit. A dangerous spirit of speculation was engendered. Every one rushed 
into the arena, borrowing the easily obtained money upon almost any species 
of property, with littlei thought bestowed upon the day of reckoning by either 
borrowers or lenders. The result of this system soon appeared in a rapid 
depreciation of the money, (which had at best a fictitious value,) and wide- 
spread financial distress and embarrassment; for these evils, though falling 
most heavily upon the Middle States, were felt throughout the country. It 
was finally determined that the means for curing all these evils, and estab- 
lishing a uniform currency throughout the country, would be secured by the 
re-establishment of a national bank. Accordingly, in 1816, the new Bank of 
the United States was inaugurated. The enterprise was eagerly entered into, 
and of the capital of $28,000,000, $4,014,100 were subscribed in Baltimore. 

The principles upon which this bank was established made it necessary 
that the local banks should prepare for specie payment. This at once placed 
a check upon the accommodations which they had been extending to their 
customers, and upon which the latter had become dependent. Everywhere 
the creditor pressed the debtor, and the financial difficulties increased. Added 
to this, it soon became evident that it was quite impossible for the Bank of 
the United States to redeem the promises that had been made for it, and a 
fall in the price of its stock occurred to such an extent as to plunge in abso- 
lute ruin many of the subscribers. 

Although thus beset with difl&culties, their characteristic spirit of enterprise 
did 2iot forsake the people of Baltimore. Since the critical period of which 
we have been speaking, and which reached its climax in 1819, the history of 
Baltimore for forty years, is a history of steady growth, interrupted only by 
the financial crises of 1837 and 1857, Avhich shook to their base the commercial 
interests of the entire country. The foreign commerce during this period 
was not what it had been during the continuance of the peculiar circumstances 
amid which it took its rise; and though the spirit of adventure and excite- 
ment which had been fostered by the former conditions of trade, had to 
accommodate itself to a slower motion, the latter is probably the more health- 
ful condition, and more truly indicative of steady and permanent growth. 

Among the public buildings, etc., erected between the time of the war with 
Great Britain and the year 1820, may be mentioned the School of Medicine 
on Lombard Street, (part of the University of Maryland,) completed and 
occupied in 1812; the Washington Monument, and the one known as the 
Battle Monument, both begun in 1815; the Merchants" Exchange, undertaken 
in 1815 and completed and occupied in 1820. This building is now occupied 
by the United States Government as a Oustom-House and Post-Office. In 
1816 Gas Works were established here, which were the first in the country 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 



2^ 



to afford a general supply for the use of citizens, and for lighting the streets. 
The corporate limits of the city were extended the same year to the present 
^ize, embracing an area of about 10,000 acres. 

The comparative sizes of the original town and the present city, are accu- 
rately shown in the accompanying cut. The original water-line on the side 
of the basin is carefully marked, and the original course of Jones' Falls, which 
once reached, in a deep horse-shoe bend, as far as to the corner of Calvert 
and Lexington Streets. On the eastern side of the Falls, the location of "Old 
Town"* is indicated, and north and south of the harbor, appear Fell's and 
Whetstone Points, with Fort McHenry upon the extreme end of the latter. 




In 1813, the first steamboat was introduced here, to run between Baltimore 
and Frenchtown, as a part of the line between this city and Philadelphia. 
The application of the newly discovered power of steam, which was then 
deemed little better than experimental, soon began to exercise a powerful 
influence upon the business relations of Baltimore. 

The introduction of steamboats upon the Ohio and Mississippi Eivers 
opened to the people of the West a new and cheaper mode of communication 

* See page 13. 



30 The Monumental City, 

with the seaboard than Avas afforded by the wagons and turnpikes upon 
which they had hitherto depended. The establishment of steam communi- 
cation with New York, also attracted in that direction the trade which had 
hitherto come to Baltimore. The people of Baltimore were not, however, of 
a temper to permit the resources, which their natural advantages gave them, 
to slip from them by reason of the superior artificial advantages of other 
cities. In December, 1823, a public meeting was held in the Merchants' 
Exchange, to take the sense of the people on the subject of canals, or rather, 
(as tlieir utility was recognized,) to ascertain whether it would be most 
acceptable to the citizens to undertake, first, a canal to the Susquehanna, or 
one to the Ohio. The great majority preferred the former. An act of the 
Legislature was therefore procured, authorizing the city to make ? canal to 
the head of tide-water on the Susquehanna, and further, if permitted by the 
State of Pennsylvania. Another act was passed, incorporating the Potomac 
Canal Company, for the purpose of constructing a canal from tide-water on 
the Potomac, to the Ohio Eiver. The next year, this latter was merged into 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, which was incorporated by the 
Legislature of Virginia for the same purpose. In 182G, upon the publication 
of estimates, showing the immense expense that would be incurred, and the 
great difficulties that would have to be overcome, in constructing a canal 
across the mountains to the Ohio, it was at once perceived that this cherished 
plan Avould not yield all the advantages that had been anticipated by its 
projectors. This discovery only led the citizens of Baltimore to devise some 
new means by which to secure their western communications. Their delib- 
erations resulted in the determination to accomplish their purjDose by the 
construction of a railroad. Accordingly, in February, 1827, an Act was 
passed by the Legislature, chartering the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad 
Company, which was the first railroad chartered in the United States. The 
canal Avas not abandoned in consequence of this rival enterprise, but the 
corner-stones of each Avere laid July 4tli, 1828, Charles Carroll of Carrollton 
officiating for the railroad, and President Adams for the canal. On the 9th 
of August, 1829, the hundredth anniversary of the passage of the act creating 
Baltimore-ToAvn, the Susquehanna Eailroad Avas begun. In 1837 the Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Eailroad Avas opened for travel. In 1853 
the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Avas completed to the Ohio Eiver, and in 
1857 its continuation to St. Louis Avas perfected. In 1854 the Susquehanna 
Eoad was consolidated Avith other roads extending through the State of Penn- 
sylvania, under the name of the Northern Central Eaihvay. In 1829 the 
Chesapeake and DelaAvare Canal Avas undertaken. 

As in 1816 Baltimore had the distinction of being the first city in this 
country that Avas lit by gas, and in 1827 of being the first to inaugurate a 
railroad, so, in 1844, it Avas again distinguished by the erection, by Professol- 
Morse, between Baltimore and AVashington, of the first electric telegraph in 
the Avorld. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 31 

The growth of the city during a period of forty years, is indicated by the 
United States census returns of the population : 

In 1820 the population was 62,738 

" 1830 " " 80,625 

" 1840 " " 102,313 

« 1850 " " 169,054 

"1860 " " 212,418 

The trade of Baltimore, which first rose to importance during the Eevolu- 
tionary struggle, and flourished amid the dangers incident to subsequent wars, 
both at home and abroad, was at length destined to be seriously crippled by a 
war that came to our very doors. In the civil war of 1861-5, between the 
Northern and Southern States, Maryland occupied the position of a border 
State between the contending sections. Although herself the field of battle 
on but two occasions, her frontier position, the constant presence of large 
bodies of troops within her borders, the severance of all communication with 
her Southern customers, and the risk attending the communications with 
the West, from the liability of the railroads to interruption, and the freights 
to capture or seizure, caused the loss to Baltimore, for the time, of her South- 
ern trade, and on account of the impoverishment of the Southern people, the 
permanent loss of much that was owing from that section; whilst the West- 
ern trade became temporarily and partially diverted to other cities. 

Since that period of enforced inaction, a reviving spirit of life and energy 
has been manifested. The railway communications extend, by the Northern 
Central Poad, north and west to the lakes and Canada; by the Philadelphia, 
Wilmington and Baltimore Road, to all parts of the Northern and Eastern 
States. The Baltimore and Ohio spreads its constantly increasing connec- 
tions over the whole of the western country, and as far as San Francisco; 
while its southern branch through Washington connects throughout the 
Southern States and as far as New Orleans. Of local roads, there are the 
Western Maryland, extending through the rich farm-lands of Carroll, Fred- 
erick and Washington Counties to Hagerstown, and projected to Williams- 
port, upon the Potomac River; and the Baltimore and Potomac, opening up 
a fertile country hitherto inaccessible by rail, and affording a southern con- 
nection for the Northern Central Road, and the Pennsylvania Central with its 
connecting lines. Now in course of construction, there are the Baltimore and 
Drum Point Railroad, which will extend from the city, south, through the 
entire length of Anne Arundel and Calvert Counties ; and the Union Railroad, 
which, making almost the entire circuit of the city of Baltimore, will afford 
the means for prompt connection between the various railways that enter the 
city. These various roads secure to Baltimore by steam communications, its 
natural advantages as the seaboard depot, indicated by the geographical form- 
ation of the country, for the West. Domestic lines of steamers communicate 



32 The Mo^stumental City, 

with Boston, New York, Philadelphiii, Eiclimond, Norfolk, and all the 
lesser places on the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, Wimington and New 
Berne, N. C, Charleston, Savannah, Key West, New Orleans, Havana and 
Galveston; while two prospering lines of steamers to Europe, the North 
German Lloyd to Bremen via Southampton, and the Allan line to Liverpool 
via Halifax, demonstrate the fact that the foreign commerce that was once 
enjoyed by Baltimore needed but the opportunity to return. 

The imports at the port of Baltimore, which in 1860, amounted to $9,784,773, 
and in 1862, in consequence of the war, had fallen to $3,696,620, rose in 1870, 
to $21,017,313; in 1871, to $26,770,181; and in 1872 to $29,429,439. The 
exports of domestic merchandise for the same years were, in 1860, $8,804,606; 
in 1862, $8,375,303; in 1870, $12,396,518; in 1871, $18,236,166, and in 1872, 
$17,381,591. The industrial products of the city and county of Baltimore 
amounted, according to the census of 1870, to the sum of $59,219,993 annu- 
ally, in which was employed capital amounting to $26,040,040. The popu- 
lation of the city had increased from 212,418 in 1860, to 267,599 in 1870.* 
The property in the city and county was estimated in the census at 
$401,634,738. The tonnage of the port is 150,086. 

Thus rapidly and in the merest outline, we have endeavored to trace the 
growth of Baltimore, from the straggling village of 1730, to the prosperous 
city of 1872. Whatever its groivth has been hitherto, it is but the earnest of 
its capabilities for development. Its geographical position as regards the 
interior has been spoken of; as regards Europe, its position at the head of a 
bay, which was formerly considered a disadvantage to it as a seaport, enables 
the shipping to come that much nearer the interior, and by conveying freight 
further by water, and in bulk, causes a corresponding reduction in the cost 
of transportation; while the proximity of Baltimore to the coal regions, and 
the direct communication with them, which enables the steamers to take in 
their coal at $2.50 per ton less than it costs in New York, gives a direct 
saving of $2,000 upon the 800 tons consumed by steamers in each voyage 
across the Atlantic. The neighboring mines of anthracite and bituminous 
coal; the marble quarries of Baltimore County; the iron beds with which 
the State abounds; the lavish wealth of the Chesapeake Bay, with its world- 
renowned game and oysters and fish, afford in themselves a ready-made and 
apparently inexhaustible store of riches. 

* An enumeration made the same year by the City Police, put the population at 283,375. 



Its Past Histoky and Peesbnt Eesoukces. 



33 



TO-DAY. 



Baltimore, as a home, is one of the most delightful cities in the world. It possesses 
»| more solid advantages than^any other city on the Atlantic seaboard for those desirous 
*| of establishing themselves in a great metropolis, for purposes of trade, commerce, or 
business of any description. Situated about the centre of the Atlantic coast, at the 
head of the great Mediterranean Sea of America, it is equally removed from the intense 
cold of northern latitudes, and the blinding heat of our more tropical sisters of the 
South. An equable climate, soft, balmy, salubrious, and almost entirely free from the 




NEW CITY HALL. 



dense fogs -which are the horror of the generality of cities adjacent to the seaboard, gives''to 
it that healthy mean, which is seldom present along any of the water courses of this 
country or Europe. Its mild winters usually furnish ice enough for home consumption, I 
gathered during the cold snaps that occasionally occur; while the pleasant bracing weatheri 
which prevails during many weeks of that season, gives abundant opportunities for outj 
door labor, the use of hydraulic power and navigable water, and demands far less fuel thari 
is required in cities further north. Located upon a small but beautiful river Baltimor/ 
3 \ 



34 



The Monumental City, 



extends back over a succession of gently sloping hills, whose substratum is a sandy marl, 
and through which no mephitic vapors arise, no dampness injurious to health or life. In 
the original construction of the city, these hills probably presented serious obstacles to our 
worthy forefathers. Some were steep and unsightly, and required much grading, but the 
gradual expansion of the town enabled its builders to trim the rough edges, and cut down 
only so much as would relieve their precipitous character, without impairing their beauty 
and picturesqueness. These hills rise one above another step by step, until, on the outer 
boundaries of the city as now constituted, at almost any point, magnificent views of Balti- 
more, its harbor and the Chesapeake Bay, can be obtained. It may be also added that 




THE CATHEDRAL. 

because of its peculiar topogi'aphy a person walking in anj^ direction for tkree or four 
hundred yards, can obtain panoramic views of different sections of the city, such as can 
be had in few other places in the world. The Patapsco River with its inlets indents the 
land upon which Baltimore is built to a very considerable extent, forming natural exten- 
sions for wharf-fronts, and at the same time adding greatly to the beauty of the harbor, and 
the general landscape. Perhaps at some early period in the historj^ of our city the marshes 
which formed at the head of these inlets, by their malaria may have produced those bilious 
diseases so frequent along the water courses of the Chesapeake, and a citizen of to-day feels 
doubtless a sensation of compassion, not unmixed however with self-congratulation, when 
he thinks of his ancestor, racked and tortured with the sliaking-ague as he hurried from his 
morning meal to attend to the wants of his palsied customers. The marshes have long 
since been drained, the shores about the inlets converted into substantial wharves for tlie 
accomodation of our rapidly increasing commerce, and the miasma no longer rises from 
the lowlands, to disconcert the calculations of our citizens. Whether he dwells upon the 



Its Past Histoey ahd Present Resources. 35 

heights where he can view the broad expanse of water, the spreading woods and well 
tilled fields of the suiTOunding country, or Uves in a lowly hut on the river's bank, the 
inhabitant of Baltimore is to-day in either case exempt from any of the diseases popularly 
supposed to be generated in that element. In fact, Baltimore is one of the most healthful 
cities in the world. Its location would make it so necessarily. "Cleanliness is next to 
godliness" and certainly very conducive to health. The City, from every point, converges 
by gentle slopes to the river. It matters not what may be the condition of the streets, a 
heavy rain will thoroughly cleanse them of all impurities, and in case of a drought it is 
only necessary to turn on the water by means of the plugs, to secure this resu.lt. Baltimore 
was built gradually ; obstacles of no common magnitude were to be surmounted, and 
though these were regarded as disadvantages at the moment, they have since proved its 
most attractive and healthful features. Their presence has given to us broad and well 
ventilated streets, and a pleasing variety of surface, the absence of which is so oppressively 
felt in other cities. In some instances irregularities have resulted from the many hills 
encountered, but these without imparing their usefulness, have added greatly to the beauty 
of the city. But there are other reasons why Baltimore is delightful as a home. 

There is a subtle something, hard to describe, bon-homie, good fellowship, good breeding, 
refinement, perhaps a combination of many excellent qualities, which seems to pervade 
the very atmosphere of the City, and to penetrate all the avenues of life. From time 
immemorial the reputation of our State and City for hospitality has been national. Recent 
events — the opening of lines of railway, and the concentering of business and commercial 
interests in Baltimore, through their representatives — have given a practical turn to this 
feature of the people, and have spread its fame throughout the length and breadth of the 
United States. Indeed, the numerous great assemblages that have taken place in our 
midst during the past few years have borne such ample testimony to this quality, that any 
further reference might savor of egotism. Society in Baltimore is delightful, and this 
remark is intended to apply to all grades and classes. The lines of demarcation between 
the different strata are finely drawn. The most severe and exclusive circles, refined, 
intelligent and educated, exist side by side with less ostentatious, but not less cultivated 
coteries ; and in the humblest ranks of the community there is an independence of thought 
and action which beget manhood in the higher sense of the term. That our citizens 
fally appreciate this is attested by the fact, that Baltimoreans, in whatsoever section of the 
globe they may be, like the Swiss for their native Alps, long for the City that gave them 
birth, and never lose their pride in its beauty and delights. 

A stranger from any of the large cities in tliis country or Europe, upon his entrance 
into the City of Monuments, is struck by the utter absence of tenement-houses — those fearful 
scourges, the hot-beds of crime and pestilence in so many of the larger communities 
throughout the civilized world. There are none here. Baltimore does not need them. 
Her unlimited capacity for extension in any direction is a practical barrier to the fabulous 
prices obtained for land in other cities; and rents are so reasonable, and the rates of living 
so much less expensive than elsewhere, that the humblest mechanic or laborer can ensconce 
his family in a modest dwelling and surround them with the pleasures and comforts of 
home. Instead of the indiscriminate herding of the industrious and the slothful, the sober 
and the drunken, the upright and the criminal, the healthy and diseased, and the pro- 
miscuous mingling of the sexes, so destructive both to morality and life itself, the strug- 
gling man with small means can gather his household about him, in a commodious 
dwelling, absolutely removed from impure contagion, and amenable only to those 
influences which emanate from himself or his associations. He and his family acquire an 
individuality and manliness which are apt to display themselves for the right, in their 
careers through life. Home-influence, the strongest, the purest, and most precious that 
can surround man, either in his relations to society, or the family circle, is ofi'ered here in 
all its freshness and luxuriance ; and other cities should not be surprised when we claim 
superiority in this regard. 



36 



The Monumental City, 



Tor many years Baltimore has fostered a Public School system, of which her citizens 
have learned to speak with pride. Through all the dissensions of politics, and we have not 
been exempt from them, this "stable bulwark" of good government and free institutions 
has never been suffered to languish. We would not consider it illustrative of our progress 








fl 






B4 kJ^'^- 




BETHANY INDEPENDENT METHODIST CHURCH. 

in this respect to exhibit a model school-house at a World's Exposition, and yet our Public 
School edifices will compare favorably, in point of architecture, internal adornment and 
personal comfort, with those of any city in the world. Further-by zealous and persistent 
efforts on the part of our legislators, and careful study of the systems of the most 
advanced states in America, and the most enlightened nations of Europe, our School 



Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 



37 



System has been perfected as far as it is possible to do so with our present experience. 
The useful features of other plans have been incorporated with our own, and their 
blemishes unhesitatingly rejected. The Public Schools are open to all— from the pitiful 
gamin who cries the news through the day, and painfully ekes out his nightly slumbers 
on cellar doors or market stands, to the fastidious scions of our most aristocratic families, 
all are equally entitled to the benefits which our schools vouchsafe, and, what is more to 
the point, they avail themselves of these advantages. Experience has led our citizens, 
without sectarian or class distinctions, to send their children to the public schools of the 
city, and perhaps this commingling of the various elements that form the community has 
done much to produce that fellowship which binds the different clasS'es to each other. 
When a boy has passed successfully through the various established grades — the Primary 
Department, the Grammar School, and the City College — he has received as thorough and 
comprehensive an education as can be obtained in many of the Colleges or Universities in 
this country. This is plainly exemplified by the number of prominent merchants, suc- 
cessful bankers, skillful physicians, learned lawyers and shrewd politicians in our midst 
who can claim no other Alma Mater. There are other schools and colleges in Baltimore, and 
thickly strewn through the State, of high repute, and supplied with corps of Professors, whose 
names are a guarantee of the advantages they claim. The education of the female portion 
of our population has been an especial care of those who have been intrusted with the 
supervision of our schools. Wise and virtuous mothers naturally lead to upright, manly 
and useful sons. Nowhere has this truth been more fully appreciated than in Baltimore- 
and the Female Department of our Public Schools bears ample testimony to its practical 
adoption.. While the aesthetic and showy features of the more fashionable finishing insti- 
tutions for ladies have not been overlooked, the solid and substantial training which leads 
to perfect womanhood is made to assume its proper place in the system. Thus the 
women of our city are imbued with accomplishments which fit them to adorn whatever 
station they may be called to fill, and at the same time are taught those durable branches 
of knowledge which place them above the fickleness of fortune and the vicissitudes of life. 
We give a summary of the number of Schools, Teachers, Pay Scholars, Free Scholars 
and the number on the roll October 31st, 1872, with the average attendance and number 
of different pupils in the various Public Schools of Baltimore City during the year. 



GRADES. 


O o 
. o 


. .a 
° S 


12; 


k5 


ic4 

5- 




No. of Pupils 

in School 

during the 

year. 


Baltimore City College, .... 


1 


10 


317 


23 


340 


314 


502 


Eastern Female High School, 






1 


11 


297 


67 


•364 


320 


486 


Western " " " 






1 


12 


379 


49 


428 


384 


565 


Male Grammar, 






18 


98 


2,378 


1,467 


3,845 


3,194 


5,918 


Female " .... 








19 


102 


2,535 


1,711 


4,246 


3,437 


6,390 


Male, (unclassified) . . . 








1 


5 


169 


63 


232 


184 


351 


Female, " ... 








1 


6 


187 


110 


297 


232 


404 


Male Primary, .... 








28 


142 


2,081 


4,387 


6,468 


4,840 


9,756 


Female " .... 








31 


146 


2,312 


4,390 


6,702 


5,042 


10,286 


Evening Schools, Male, 








6 


20 


12 


712 


724 


445 


724 


" " Female, 








1 


1 




29 


29 


18 


29 


Day Schools, (Colored) 








10 


41 


603 


1,567 


2,170 


1,487 


3,977 


Evening Schools, " 








4 


12 


316 


214 


530 


362 


530 


Music Teachers, .... 










4 












Drawing " .... 










4 














122 


614 


11,586 


14,789 


26,375 


20,259 


39,918 



The promotions during the year were to the Grammar Schools 486, and to Primary 
Schools 2,401 ; making a total of 2,887. Total number in School during the year 37,031, 



38 



The Monumental City, 



Besides the Public Schools, there are "Institutes" for the education of females, supervised 
and conducted by ladies whose very names are synonymes for all that is lovely and 
refined in private life, where girls are taught by precept and example the beauties and 
delights of the home-circle, and are fitted for that condition which has been so aptly 
styled "unspotted faith and comely womanhood." 

The "Normal School," for the education of teachers, is a branch of our Public School 
system, and has been found very advantageous in the production of proficient instructors. 
We would like to dwell more circumstantially upon the really admirable features of this 
system, but our space is limited. 




PEABODY INSTITUTE. 

As a natural auxiliarj' to the above, we come to those institutions which have been 
founded through the munificence of some, and the public spirit of others of our citizens. 
Among these "The Peabody Institute" stands pre-eminent, both because of the bountiful 
nature of the benefaction, and the truly sublime character of the Donor. The aim of Mr> 
Peabody in the construction of the Peabody Institute lias been but partially understood 
by many of our citizens. He was as wise as he was munificent. He had arisen from the 
humblest walks of life to afliuence, and almost princely power. The sordidness usually 



Its Past History and Peeseis't Eesources. 39 

begotten of wealth, and the arrogance which attends the acquisition of power, found no 
lodging place in his great soul. His love for mankind, which was circumscribed neither by 
race nor nationality ,and his sound judgment, springing from a series of successful commercial 
transactions, in which neither avarice nor, dishonesty played a part, taught him that there 
were strata in the human race which must be separately treated — that "what was one 
man's meat was another's poison" — that eflTorts to contribute to the advancement of all 
classes of people by the same means, were likely to result in the rending of the ties which 
bind classes to each other, and would ultimately convert what was intended as a blessing 
into an occasion of dissension and strife. Such certainly were the sentiments which actuated 
him in bestowing upon Baltimore the munificent Institute which now crowns the summit 
of her most beautiful thoroughfare. He never intended it to be popular. The directions 
given by Mr. Peabody for the selection of a Library, for the creation of the Academy of 
Music, for the interior governance of the Institute, all point conclusively to the fact that 
he had in his mind's eye the elevation of the great middle class of people, the safeguard 
of every enlightened government on earth. Aristocracy was as far removed from his 
thoughts as was its antipode. The former is supposed, through its wealth and influence, 
to be able to take care of itself, and if at all desirous of soaring to the empyrean in art 
science, or literature, a visit to foreign lands will quickly assure the gratification of such 
a taste; the latter class, except in extreme cases, develops no such inclination. Abject 
poverty, undisciplined tastes and passions, and utterly uncultivated minds, do not prepare 
people to wrestle with the higher branches of education, any more than does preaching fit 
a man for soldiering, or ploughing qualify him for the judicial ermine. 

The poorest classes of the people are provided with ample instruction for whatever course 
in life they propose to follow, and generally, they seek just so much as will enable them to 
pursue it. Occasionally some youth more ambitious than the rest, or more richly endowed 
with qualities which win, breaks through all obstacles, and outstrips his fellows in the race 
of life. There is nothing in this country to stay his progress. It is as republican in tone, 
as democratic in form. Class distinctions are of the slightest character — a helping hand is 
immediately extended to such an one, and he at once passed from the lowest stratum, to a 
higher place in society. Then can he avail himself of the advantages which "The Peabody" 
holds out to every citizen of Baltimore. Mr. Peabody had experienced just such a trans- 
mutation. From humble life, by regular gradations he had reached the highest social and 
financial position. His mind closely analytic with reference to his fellow-creatures, and 
wonderfully clear-sighted, wrought out for their benefit, schemes in different portions of 
the world perfectly consistent with their wants in those localities. 

In London, where thousands of the poor perish annually from starvation, he devoted a 
princely fortune to the amelioration of their condition. In America, where it was required, 
he bestowed a similar amount; but as has been said above Mr. Peabody was as far-seeing 
as he was benevolent. America was the land of his nativity. He loved her, as only her 
sons can love who have spent many of their days in a foreign land — when he returned to 
her shores, after a lengthened absence, he saw many things to admire ; bvit one element was 
lacking which he had learned during his European experience, to consider essential to a 
nation's advancement. That solid system of education fostered by a thousand years of 
aristocratic and kingly rule in England, and on the continent, was nowhere to be discerned. 
"With scarcely an exception, the institutions of learning in the United States actually left 
off where the Universities of Great Britain and Europe commenced. The whole American 
people were subject to a sj'-stem of semi-education, which might serve for the present the 
spirit of money-making inordinately developed among us, but which would in the future, 
totally unfit men for grappling with the great problems that might arise when teeming 
millions would swarm where thousands now imagined themselves crowded. Imagination 
too, ideality, what was known to the Greeks as " the beautiful," which makes up one-half, 
and far the better half of human life, was in danger of being forgotten. No school of Art 



40 



The MoJS'UMEN'Ti^L City, 



that deserved the name existed. To provide for such an anomalous state of society, and to 
direct the American mind to the contemplation of all that is grand and beautiful in life, he de- 
termined to found institutions in different parts of America, through which, by libraries of the 
first excellence, the diffusion of the principles of science, the illustration of the nobler 
efforts of art, and the gradual education of the popular taste for the sublimer masters in 
music, the Americans would ultimately come to learn and appreciate the advantages of 
thorough, solid education as well as their neighbors across the water. His own declarations, 
his own instructions, and the institutions which have arisen under his far-seeing beneficence, 
tell us that such must have been his idea, and can there be a grander ? 

Mr. Peabody amid the multitudinous cares of a splendid mercantile and financial career, 
ever turned to Baltimore his adopted home and the scene of Ms early business successes. 
When released from the restraints and anxieties of commercial life he repaired hither, and 
selecting men of the most exalted tone in our city, he placed in their hands his princely 
donation, with the most ample instructions for its disposal. A massive marble structure 
has arisen near the base of the Washington Monument. A more appropriate place could 




MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 

.scarcely have been selected. Both structures commemorate men who towered above their 
generations, and who alike conferred incalculable benefits upon the American people. 
Mr. Peabody lived to see the completion of a portion of the Institute, and its practical 
operation. Already have those, whose education and tastes were sufiicientlj'- advanced, 
received great and enduring benefits from the Peabody Institute, and its influence is being 
rapidly extended through our city. All institutions must grow, but more especially is this 
the case with one whose noble aim peers so far into the future. To cultivate and elevate 
the tastes and understandings of the people of Baltimore, was not the only object of George 
Peabody — his prophetic soul looked far beyond that — he knew that Baltimore was destined 
to become a great city, about which would radiate thousands of satellites. It was to extend 
to all these dependencies of the future, the benefits which Baltimoreans may at present 
derive from his splendid donations. That his hopes will be reaUzed there can be no doubt. 



Its Past History and Present Eesoueces. 



41 



We now come to the "Maryland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts." 
Abo at twenty -five years ago a number of public-spirited citizens perceiving the want of 
some institution for the instruction and improvement of the masses in our city secured from 
the Legislatiu-e a charter. The institution was immediately organized under the name 




EUTAW PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH. 



given above. Its subsequent success is a matter of notoriety to our citizens. It is essen- 
tially a popular Institute, and supplies exactly the need in our city for which the Peabody 
was not designed. Its course of popular and scientific lectures, meets just such longings as 



43 The Mon^umental City, Its Past Histoey, Etc. 

tlie great masses of the people are likely to feel, while the lectures at the Peabody are intended 
for those much further advanced on the road to knowledge ; in fact, for the few who have 
the energy and will to penetrate the arcana of nature, and pluck from her all that man has 
yet been able to iinearth of her secrets. The coui'se of lectures at the Maryland Institute 
has been for years, one of the most attractive features of our city. The greatest care is 
exercised in the selection of the lecturers, and no expense spared to make the course enter- 
taining and instructive. The Institute contains a large circulating library with quite a 
number of valuable books, and very excellent selections from the popular literature of the 
day. Here again we see the contrast between the two institutionSj and how admirably, in 
their respective spheres, they minister to the necessities of our city. The Library of the 
Peabody is for reference. It was so intended by its founder. The most costly volumes, 
compiled by the great Academies of Europe through royal bounty, are to be found on its 
shelves. "When the stu^dent has exhausted the resourses of the Maryland Institute and 
acquired a fondness for study, and a thirst for knowledge through the avenues it so gener- 
ously creates, he can betake himself to the Peabody, and he will find the one the 
complement of the other. The various schools of the Maryland Institute, conducted upon 
a scale of liberality which places them within the reach of the poorest and most humble 
student, are provided with a corps of competent professors. Pupils are well-grounded in 
all the elements of education, and fitted to strive for that higher sphere of intellectual culti- 
vation which Mr. Peabody so eagerly hoped our countrymen would reach in the near future. 
In addition to these features, an annual Exhibition is opened in the Institute Hall generally 
in October. These Exhibitions are very attractive, collecting as they do specimens of the 
handi-work and ingenuity of the inhabitants of different sections of the United States; 
and there are usually offered to the inspection of the public, choice and varied specimens of 
the Pine and Useful Arts. Many thousands of our citizens, young and old, have availed 
themselves of its advantages, and the benefits that Baltimore has derived from its establish- 
ment are inestimable. 

About thirtjr years ago a number of gentlemen met together in the old Postofiice Building 
to organize an association for the purpose of "collecting, preserving and diffusing informa- 
tion relating to the Civil, Natural and Literary History of the State of Maryland, and 
American History and Biography generally." A charter was obtained from the State Legis- 
lature in 1845, and the association oi'ganized. under the title of the "Marjiand Historical 
Society." The Athenaeum, a substantial building at the corner of St. Paul and Saratoga 
streets, was completed in 1848 at an expense of $45,000, and presented to this Society by 
the citizens of Baltimore. The progress of the Association has been slow but steady. The 
nucleus of seventeen, has enlarged to upwards of four hundred members, embracing many 
of the most prominent and distinguished merchants and professional men of the city. 

The library of the society has increased to sixteen thousand volumes, many of them rare 
and valuable ; while the collection of Maps, Coins, Medals, Manuscripts, Charts &c. is very 
large, and in point of excellence not inferior to any similar accumulation in this country. 

The Mercantile Library Association was organized in 1839, by the merchants' clerks of 
Baltimore. In 1848, the Association obtained a perpetual lease of the lower floor of the 
AthenseiTm building, and since that time the success of the enterprise has not been debate- 
able. The Library has rapidly increased and ha,s become a feature in our city. It is 
circulating in its character, and all classes of our citizens, ladies as well as gentlemen are 
permitted to enjoy its privileges upon pajanent of the necessary dues. Proper care is 
exercised in the selection of books, and only those are placed upon the shelves which are 
likely to elevate the tone, or encourage the literary taste of the reader. A reading-room is 
attached to the library, which is always abundantly supplied witli the latest journals, and 
most popular periodicals. 

John McDonogh, a native of Baltimore, but for manj^ years a resident of New Orleans, 
died in 1850 in the latter city, leaving a very large fortune to Baltimore and New Orleans 



44 The Monumental City, 

for the education of poor claildren. The will of Mr. McDonogh was contested and for a 
niimber of years a legal war was waged which threatened to engulph the whole estate, 
and which did consume a large portion of the money intended for charitable purposes. 
The contest was at length decided in favor of the two cities, and in the division of the 
property Baltimore received about $800,000. The intention of the donor was to establish 
a School-Farm, where children were to be instructed in the Christian religion, a plain 
English education, music, and the art of husbandry or farming. The Trustees, who 
have charge of the fund have purchased a farm of eight hundred and thirty -three acres of 
land in Baltimore County, about ten miles from the city, and purpose erecting thereon an 
institution with all the necessary improveinents to carry out the views of Mr. McDonogh. 
The school will begin with one hundred pupils, and with a fund of $700,000 the interest 
from which will be amply sufficient to cover all expenses. 

We now propose to notice briefly the Societies and Associations in our city that are 
devoted to the relief of suffering humanity. 

" God loves a cheerful giver " — so do the poor. We know of nothing more refreshing 
than the genial smile of benevolence playing over the countenance of a silver-haired grand- 
father who has battled with the world for three-quarters of a century. If after contem- 
plating all the meannesses, the frauds, the deceptions, the disappointments of his own life, 
lie can smilingly put his hand in his pocket and draw forth from its recesses with real 
pleasure the wherewithal for the comfort of those less fortunate, that man is simply sublime, 
and his name is written in letters more lasting than bronze. Charity, which vaunteth itself 
and is puffed up, the noisy demonstrative counterfeit of the genuine article, is as abundant 
in Baltimore as elsewhere, but for true beneficence our city has no superior. 

We will premise first that a street beggar is a rarity in Baltimore. Many things have 
conduced to this result, — the utter absence of tenement-houses, with their squalid wretch- 
edness, — ^the fact that prior to the war the bulk of the poorer classes consisted of negroes, 
and these were cared for by their masters, — the ample provision made by the city for this 
class of our population, — but above all, the genuine spirit of benevolence which pervades 
every avenue of our city, and gushes out regardless of race, sect or condition of life. 
Almost every church in Baltimore has attached to it an eleemosynary association of some 
description, and the vast majority of well to do and reputable citizens are connected with 
one or more of the organizations for the relief of suffering humanity. Among those that 
deserve special mention is the "Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the 
Poor." Enrolled on its books are the names of the most prominent of our citizens. Its 
system, as far as we know, is peculiar to Baltimore. ISTo imposing structure arises osten- 
tatiously to point to the spot from whence the good works spring, but a back office in a 
building on a by no means conspicuous street, is all that the Society can call their own. 
The object of the Association is not to assist paupers, but to discourage vagrancy and 
street begging as much as possible. As was said above, the city provides abundant refuge 
for those who are unable to care for themselves, and however much the Association might 
desire to give aid in this way, their limited resources would render it impossible. Their 
aim is to help worthy persons to help themselves. Large communities swarm with 
individuals, and even families, thoroughly worthy, whose daily lives are martyrdoms. 
They struggle honestly, earnestly and industriously, but either owing to misdirected 
efforts, or causes that neither economists nor philosophers have yet been able to explain, 
they go down in the strife. 

Frequently the heads of families are stricken down in the midst of their usefulness, and 
helpless women and children are thrown upon the community without the means of 
obtaining bread, or the worldly wisdom necessary to acquire those means, — business men 
by a series of luckless operations are overwhelmed and paralyzed for the time being by the 
very force of their misfortunes, — young men with situations which give them a bare sup- 
port are overtaken by disease, — a disastrous fire may sweep away the accumulations of 



Its Past History and Peesent Eesources. 



45 



years,— in all of these cases tlie parties would be too proud or too manly to become a 
burden on the city, but a little help, the slightest in the world, extended at the proper 
moment, will bridge over the chasm in their lives, and enable them to continue honorable 
and useful members of society. . To this portion of our population the services of the 
Association have been unremitting. Quietly, on the principle that the right hand should 
not know what the left is doing, have the oflBcers and agents moved through the city on 
their errand of mercy, 

"To the alleys and lanes, where misfortune and guilt, 
"Their children have gathered, their city have built, 
" Where hunger and vice, like twin beasts of prey, 
"Have hunted their victims to gloom and despair. 

***** 
"To the garret, where wretches, the young and the old, 
"Half-starved and half-naked, lie crouched from the cold." 



No portion of the city 
has been neglected in their 
visitations, and an especial 
feature we think of our 
community, ladies refined, 
delicate, daintily dressed, 
as ministering angels, fol- 
low in the footsteps of these 
Good Samaritans, and the 
dark dens of wretched- 
ness — for such there must 
be in every large city — are 
not seldom illumined by 
their gentle presence. As 
we have dwelt at consider- 
able length upon the above 
organization, we are com- 
pelled to enumerate the 
other minor charitable in- 
stitutions without com- 
ment. They are as fol- 
lows : " Henry Watson 
Children's Aid Society," 
"Boys' Home," "Manual 
Labor School," "House of 
Industry," " Home for 
Girls," "St. Paul's Boys' 
Home," "Industrial School 
for Girls," " St. Mary's In- 
dustrial School," " German 
Orphan Asylum," " Union 
Orphan Asylum," "Balti- 
more Orphan Asylum," 
"Colored Orphan Asylum," 
" Christ Church Orphan 
Asylum," " St. Mary's Or- 
phan Asylum," "St. Vin- 
cent's Orphan Asylum," 




"THE HOMELESS BOY." 



46 The Monumental City, 

" St. Patrick's Orpliau Asylum," "Hebrew Orphan Asylum," " St. Peter's Orphan Asy- 
lum," "St. Francis Orphan Asylum," "St. Anthony's Orphan Asylum," "St. Paul's 
Orphan Asylum," "Aged Men's Home," "Aged Women's Home," "Home of the 
Friendless," "House of the Good Shepherd," "Church Home," "Protestant Infirm- 
ary," "Lombard Street Infirmary," "Washington University Hospital," " The Home," 



THE OLD FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BUILT IN 1791. 



Its Past History and Present Eesoueces. 



47 



" St. Joseph's German Hospital," " Yonng Catholic Friends' Society," " Sabbath As- 
sociation," "St. Joseph's School of Industry," "St. Vincent's Infant Asylum," "St. 
Agnes' Hospital," "Asylum of the Little Sisters of the Poor," " Conferences of St. Vincent 
de Paul," "Confraternity of St. Peter," "McKim Free School," "Colvin Institute," "Pris- 
oners Aid Association," " Young Men's Christian Association," " Young Women's Christian 
Association," and eight 
Dispensaries which distri- 
bute medicines gratuitous- 
ly to the poor. The above 
are all imbued with the 
same spirit of homely 
charity as that association 
of which we have spoken 
at length. They realize 
the truth of the adage, that 
" charity begins at home," 
and they find an inexhaust- 
ible field for the display of 
their energies. To say that 
Baltimore has reaped in- 
calculable benefits from 
their exertions, and that 
the conspicuous lack of 
real poverty in our midst 
is mainly due to them, is 
but a feeble expression of 
the work they have accom- 
plished. 

A magnificent edifice has 
been dedicated to the poor 
by our City Fathers on the 
eastern limits of the city. 
The building entitled "Bay 
View" because of the ex- 
pansive view it afi'ords of 
the Chesapeake Bay and 
the surrounding country, is 
spacious, commodious, and 
from its inner comforts, and 
the adoption of all modern 
improvements more sugges- 
tive of the ample means of 
some nabob who has re- 
tired from the cares of life 
upon a princely income, 
than of the home of the for- 
lorn and helpless vagabonds 
which the seething caul- the new first Presbyterian church.* 

dron of city life casts to the surface. It was built at a cost of $500,000 and is suiTounded 
by grounds containing forty-six acres of land, fi'om whence all the vegetables indigenous 
to this portion of the globe, can be had in quantities to insure an unfailing supply to the 
occupants. 

* Height of Towers, 78, 128 and 268 feet. 




48 The Monumental City, 

Immediately outside of the western boundaries of our city is located another monument 
of the energy of some of our citizens, and those who administered the affairs of the corpo- 
ration in times agone. This is the House of Refuge, for the reformation of boys, who, like 
Topsy, "never had no mother, but growed," or whose parents after a series of years of 
unsuccessful training have pronounced them incorrigible, and have turned them over to 
the tender mercies of those who recognize no such word in their vocabulary. For years 
this asylum was tolerably well supplied with inmates, but the establishment of the 
"Boys' Home," and kindred institutions, has materially retarded the growth of these 
embryotic felons, and it is to be hoped that the rapid enlargement in the future of their 
sphere of usefulness will leave the House of Refuge without occupants. 

The nations of antiquity were divided as to their policy for disposing of those afflicted 
with constitutional infirmities. While some maintained the doctrine that those who, by 
reason of the loss of one or more of the senses, or because of physical deformity, could not 
contribute towards the support of the State, should be summarily slaughtered ; others 
upheld the less revolting but almost equally absurd theory, that this class were divinities 
or demi-gods, and should be worshipped accordingly. The insane, the idiotic, the blind, 
the deaf and dumb, were in some communities immediately put to death, while in others 
their mad prattle or incoherent mutterings were unhesitatingly adopted as oracles upon 
which depended the fate of empires. Though perhaps it is quite as impossible now to 
" minister to a mind diseased" as in the days of yore, it must be confessed that the moderns 
in their appreciation of this unfortunate class are far ahead of the ancients. 

Every enlightened community regards them as the wards of the nation, an outgrowth 
it may be of the sins of the people, but nevertheless irresponsible for their misfortunes, and 
to be cared for with the utmost kindness and tenderness, as does a parent for an afflicted child. 
Some of the finest edifices in our country, imposing in design, artistic in structure and 
splendidly finished, attest the consideration which our people evince toward this phase of 
suffering humanity. 

The State of Maryland has vied with private benevolence in her efforts to provide for 
the afflicted, and the result has been the erection of Asylums magnificent in point of 
architectural finish, and embracing in their management all the best features that the 
extensive experience of the nineteenth century can furnish. Nineteen years ago a project 
was set on foot which had for its object the erection of an Insane Asylum. A number 
of citizens banded together and raised an amount sufflcient to purchase one hundred and 
thirty-six acres of land on the road leading from Baltimore to Oatonsville. This property 
was donated to the State, on condition that an Asylum should be erected for the insane 

Successive legislatures appropriated about $750,000 for this purpose and the result has 
been the "Spring Grove Asylum," an institution complete in all its appointments, with 
capacity for three hundred patients, and which is equal in every respect to any similar 
establishment in this or any other country. 

Moses Sheppard, descended from a Quaker family and a member of that persuasion him- 
self, died in this city in 1857, after having amassed by industry and trugality, a very 
considerable fortune. Mr. Sheppard, early in life was horrified at sight of the treatment 
extended to insane paupers in our almshouses and jails. Men and women were crowded 
into narrow cells, stripped of every comfort, chained to the floor or braced to the miserable 
apologies for beds and literally suffered to wallow in filth. Their coarse and insufficient 
food was grudgingly meted out to them, and scantily clad they were exhibited like wild 
beasts to the morbid gaze of those whose gorge did not revolt at the spectacle. Many 
whose mild maladies might have been cured by timely and proper treatment, were trans- 
formed into raving maniacs, and instances were not rare of patients tortured to death by 
the use of the scourge or the lack ot decent food. They were treated as though they were 
incarcerated for heinous crimes rather than confined as a security to themselves, with the 
hope of ameliorating their condition. This system was long in vogue in many sections of 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 



49 



this country. Custom had deadened the sensibilities of the public, and its very antiquity- 
was a sufficient excuse for its brutality. 

That we have been emancipated from this frightful incubus, that we have awakened to 
a proper appreciation of this unfortunate class of people, and that the insane from all 
parts of our State can now, within a stone's throw of Baltimore, receive the best atten- 
tion and treatment that sMU or experience can suggest, is due to the munificence and 
energy of such men as Moses Sheppard. For many years this subject was the leading 
idea of his life. He surrounded himself with plans, examined carefully the designs of the 
most prominent Asylums m the country, and studied the various systems adopted for the 




HEBREW HOSPITAL. 

treatment of lunatics. Before his death he had matured a scheme for an Insane Asylum 
somewhat novel in its character, and it is to be presumed, from the care bestowed upon its 
creation, the best that has yet been devised. 

Six hundred thousand dollars were donated by Mr. Sheppard for the erection and 
maintenance of the institution. The money was prudently invested, and has since that 
time with the property acquired increased to $1,000,000. 

Three hundred and seventy-seven acres of land have been purchased within six 
miles of Baltimore, with an, outlet both upon Charles Street Avenue and the York 
4 



50 The Monumental City, 

Road. The land is beautifully located in one of the most picturesque sections of our 
State, and in the hands of the landscape-gardener is destined to become a most exquisite 
addition to the natural ornaments which surround our city. The building is in course_of 
erection, the annual income from the endowment furnishing the funds for its construction. 
The style of architecture is Elizabethan. When completed it will have no superior on 
this continent for beauty of design, or substantial comfort to those who will be its occu- 
pants. 

The patients are to be selected by the Trustees, according to their best judgment, — and 
as the establishment is mainly designed for a curative Hospital, care must necessarily be 
taken to open its doors principally to those whose types of insanity are such as hold out 
hopes of ultimate recovery. The charges for maintenance of patients are to be regulated 
by the ability of themselves or their relatives to pay their expenses; if utterly unable, the 
charges will be remitted altogether. 

"Mount Hope," in the Northwestern suburbs of the City, has long been celebrated for 
its treatment of insane patients. The accommodations of the institution are ample, while 
the beautiful grounds by which it is surrounded must, if anything can, produce a soothing 
effect upon the terrible maladies of those who saunter through its avenues or rest under 
the peaceful shadows of the foliage, so near to the whirl and bustle of the busy city, and 
yet so entirely separated from its life and passions. 

It will thus be seen that through State aid and private charity and enterprise, those 
bereft of reason in our midst have been most lavishly provided with homes. 

Closely allied to the above, are the institutions for the cure of inebriates. The opinion 
has rapidly gained ground during the past few years that drunkenness, like insanity, con- 
sumption and a host of other maladies is constitutional or inheritable. Whether this be 
so or not it is unnecessary here to inquire. Philanthropists have been awakened to the 
necessity of placing a check upon this frightful scourge. Whether proceeding from the 
painful weakness of human nature, or the reckless carelessness which has almost become 
a feature of modern life, the results of drunkenness are the same upon the public weal, 
and society to save itself has been forced to seek the best method of preventing it. Inebri- 
ate Asylums have been established in different parts of the country, and Baltimore has 
not been behindhand. A number of benevolent persons founded a few years ago, an 
Asylum in the Western part of Baltimore, and Mount Hope Retreat, about six miles 
from the City, has a distinct department reserved for the restoration of inebriates. It may 
seem quixotic to direct benevolence to this channel, but when we consider that the majority 
of diseases are directly or indirectly the result of violations of the plainest principles of 
nature, and that by far the greater number ot crimes may be traced to the improper use of 
spirituous liquors, the question assumes another aspect. Instances are not rare of poor 
besotted wretches rescued from the gutter and taken to these retreats, limp, quivering with 
horror and bearing about them but the semblance of manhood with its noble attributes, 
its god-like quaUties nearly dead. Kind words, gentle nursing, soothing remedies have 
restored the relaxed muscles, and given tone to the broken spirit, and a few weeks have 
sufficed to effect a radical cure. Many a valuable life has been saved, many a useful citi- 
zen restored to society through their influence. 

The maimed, the halt, and the blind have been equally the objects of solicitude in our 
City and State. The "Deaf and Dumb Asylum" established by the State in the city of 
Frederick, is an enduring memorial of her consideration for all classes of her citizens. In 
addition to the substantial and handsome edifice erected for their comfort, the institution 
has been supplied with a corps of competent instructors, who educate the unfortunate chil- 
dren confided to their care as far as their sad deprivations will permit, and the proficiency 
attained by the pupils in all branches of knowledge is truly wonderful when we consider 
the obstacles against which they have to contend. An Asylum has been established on 
Broadway, in this City, for the care and education of colored deaf mutes. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 



51 



The Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, located on North Avenue, in 
this City, was incorporated in 1853, through the efforts of several benevolent citizens. The 
present building, constructed of Baltimore County Marble at a cost of |145,000— is beauti- 
fally located and can accomodate all vs^ho are likely to apply for admission for years to 
come; Those who are able to pay are expected to do so, but the indigent are received and 
educated at the expense of the State. 

Mr. Thomas Kelso, a native of Ireland, but for eighty- two years a citizen of Baltimore, has 
been long known in our city as a benevolent and philanthropic gentleman. His many dona- 
tions to charitable purposes, and the princely aid he has given to churches would of 
themselves entitle him to special notice. Age has not dimmed that spark of humanity 
which shone with such lustre in days of yore, nor has experience tempered its brightness. 
Eighty-nine years of life have but intensified his love for his fellow beings. Within a few 
weeks he has purchased a hous^ and lot for a Methodist Episcopal Orphan Asylum, and 







BUND ASYLUM. 



has endowed it with one hundred thousand dollars. Thus in the evening of his days 
he is enabled to contemplate the practical workings of his many charities, and to behold 
this crowning memorial which will number him among the benefactors of mankind. 

Samuel Ready, a native of Baltimore County, but for many years a lumber-dealer in our 
City, left at his death $400,000, for the establishment of an Asylum for Female Orphans. 
Early in life his attention was attracted to those pitiful waifs who stray into lumber-yards, 
and earn a precarious livelihood by the pickings and frequently, stealings they may gather 
thence. 

He was painfully aware of the manifold temptations to which they are exposed and the 
aim of his existence appears to have been, by rigid economy and close application to 
business, to set apart a suflBcient sum to provide these little creatures with a shelter and 
home. 

Mr. Johns Hopkins, a gentleman thoroughly identified with the interests of Baltimore, 
and one of her wealthiest and most influential citizens, has determined to establish a 



53 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 



series of charities which for munificence and scope, will exceed any heretofore instituted 
by any one person in America. Mr. Hopkins is of an old and highly respectable Quaker 
family from the adjoining county of Anne Arundel, and came to Baltimore in 1812, and 
entered upon a mercantile career which by his sagacity, frugality and energy, has 
developed into a success unexampled in the history of the City. While amassing a fortune, 
colossal in its dimensions, he has kept steadily in view the prosperity and advancement of 
Baltimore, and has contributed greatly to the improvement of the City by fostering her 
commercial interests, erecting solid and substantial edifices for her increasing trade, and 
extending timely and judicious aid to her young and enterprising merchants and 
manufacturers. 

'The material assistance which he granted to the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad in the 
hours of darkness which shrouded that corporation prior to 1857, is deserving of special 
mention. Mr. Hopkins endorsed the paper of the corporation to a large amount, and 
pledged his private fortune in support of the Company's interests. The present condition 
of that great work fully attests his sagacity, and to the judgment which led him to embark 




BOYS' HOME. 

his capital in the fortunes of this company, is due much of the success which has attended 
his subsequent business career. He now proposes to crown a useful life by confening upon 
the community in which he made it the perpetual benefit of much the larger portion of 
his great fortune. 

The "Johns Hopkins University" has been organized by the appointment of trastees. 
They have been carefully selected by Mr. Hopkins from among the business men of the 
highest standing and character in Baltimore. It will be a University in fact and not 
merely in name — embracing in its functions the various branches necessary to thorough 
education, to which will be added a Botanical School on an extended scale. His mag- 
nificent and beautiful estate on the outskirts of the City, "Clifton," containing nearly four 
hundred acres of land, has been set apart for this purjDose, and the trustees have been 
clothed with ample powers for the maintenance of the University in a manner which will 
be creditable to the City and an honor to the memory of the donor. Its endowment wiU 
be four millions of dollars. 

The site of the old Maryland Hospital, fourteen acres within the City, has been pur- 
chased by Mr. Hopkins for the erection of a Hospital for the reception of all persons 



54 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 

afflicted with bodily injuries or non-contagious disorders. Separate buildings will be 
provided for the sexes, and also for the unfortunate of different races. The services of the 
most skillful surgeons and physicians will be secured, and an endowment of over two 
millions will provide ample means for its support. 

In addition to the above, Mr. Hopkins has made liberal arrangements for the erection 
of an asylum for the education and maintenance of about four hundred colored orphan 
children, which will be under the supervision of the trustees of the "Johns Hopkins 
Hospital." 

"The Pkess" of Baltimore is peculiar. In these days when journalism may be said 
to be paramount, when it directs public opinion, frames legislation, prescribes the code of 
morality, and at the same time furnishes highly seasoned and meretricious food to palates 
vitiated by excess of sensation, the Press of our City is almost original. Its aim thus far 
has been "to hold up the mirror to nature," faithfully to portray* current events as they 
actually occur, to exaggerate nothing, "nor set down aught in malice." 

The example set by several of the great dailies of New York, of transforming the most 
trivial events into matters of excitement through the magic of a vivid imagination, or of 
relying entirely upon that wonderful faculty for striking impressions, has been extensively 
imitated in many of the large cities of America. Public taste thus perverted reacts upon 
public journals, and a morbid appetite is engendered which newspapers find it difficult to 
satisfy. The Press of our City has happily avoided this snare, and the public of Balti- 
more, by its appreciation, endorses what it considers the true vocation of journalism. 

Our journalists are men of culture, education and ability, and what is of infinitely 
more importance, incapable of prostituting the censorship they exercise, for personal con- 
siderations. The entente cordiale is strictly observed between those engaged in rival 
enterprises, and rarely forgotten even in the ardor of a political campaign. 

The history of the Press of Baltimore would be exceedingly curious and interesting, 
but our space will only permit a brief reference to those newspapers at present in existence, 
and wielding a potent influence in the community. The Baltimore American and Com- 
mercial Advertiser naturally heads the list, both because of its antiquity and its importance 
as a public journal. Away back in the annals of the City, when Baltimore was little 
more than a country village, and Annapolis a commercial emporium, we find mention of 
a Mr. William Goddard, a printer of Rhode Island, who, with the acuteness and enter- 
prise so characteristic of his section, moved from Philadelphia, where he had for sometime 
resided, and on the 20th of August, 1773, established a paper in this City, entitled the 
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser. Prior to this date it was customary to 
receive the paper from and send advertisements to either Annapolis or Philadelphia. 

It is difficult to conceive at this day that Baltimore could have been at any time so 
helplessly dependent upon Annapolis, that venerable connecting link between the present 
and the past. G-oddard's paper was at first issued in weekly instalments from a house on 
South street, near the main thoroughfare of the City. The smouldering fires of the Eevo- 
lution were being rapidly fanned into a blaze, and a feverish excitement had taken pos- 
session of the public. A better moment for beginning a new-spaper enterprise could 
scarcely have been selected, and the old files of the paper give convincing proof of the 
proprietor's appreciation of the crisis. Mr. Goddard more than once during "the times 
that tried men's souls" displayed an indomitable perseverence in the acquisition of news 
so characteristic of modern journalists, but not viewed in a friendly light by our Revolu- 
tionary fathers. On several occasions he was called to account for inopportune publica- 
tions, or for the freedom with which he criticised the actions of those in power, and the ardor 
with which he espoused the cause of Gen. Charles Lee, when that officer was suspended 
by the fiat of a court-martial, brought about his ears the indignant protests of a number 
of patriotic citizens, and but for a timely recantation, which he subsequently disclaimed, 




THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN BUILDING, 
126 A 128 West Baltimore Street. 



56 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 

he would have received the coat of tar and feathers which was administered by the popu- 
lace to several of his less fortunate supporters. 

After the war, and during the suspension of Benjamin Franklin from the Postofllce 
Department, Mr. Goddard resigned the editorial chair to his sister, Miss Mary K. Goddard, 
and undertook the establishment of post-routes in different parts of the country. Miss 
Goddard was perhaps the first of her sex in America to assume the arduous duties of a 
journalist, but with the assistance of several gentlemen of talent and public spirit, she 
more than maintained the high character the paper had acquired under the management 
of her brother. She afterwares took charge of the local postoffice, and discharged the 
duties of both positions with credit to herself, and to the entire satisfaction of the great 
public of Baltimore, which at this period consisted of some seven or eight thousand persons. 

The early files of the paper, a number of which are still preserved at the American 
office, exhibited signs of business energy and enterprise which compare very favorably 
with like manifestations in our city to-day. The advertising columns were well filled, 
and the accuracy and celerity apparent in the collection of news seem marvellous when we 
consider the impossibility of easy and regular communication. 

These old files give a very fair picture of the customs which prevailed at that period. 
The announcement of a combat to take place on Laudenslager's hill, between a royal 
Bengal tiger and four well trained dogs, sounds rather primitive to modern readers of 
newspapers, and the result of the terrific struggle, the dying agonies of the royal brute, 
and the subsequent exhibition of his stufi'ed skin to the public at a shilling a head, and 
half price for those of tender years, is really refreshing in the light of these degenerate 
days, when the fancy are confined to the tamer amusements of cock-fighting, rat-killing 
and punching each others heads. 

In 1798 the name of the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser was changed to the 
American and Daily Advertiser, and in the year 1820 to the Baltimore American and 
Commercial Advertiser, the title under which it is issued at present. The American 
during the hundred years of its life has not been exempt from the vicisitudes of fortune. — 
Like other papers its lines have sometimes been cast in pleasant places, and at others the 
reverse has been the case. Its course however has always been consistent. Bold and 
outspoken in its sentiments and generally enhsted on the side of good government and 
the true interests of Baltimore, it has become a power in the community and has aided 
very materially in the development and progress of our City. 

In 1855, Mr. Charles 0. Fulton, its present proprietor, took charge of the paper. A prac- 
tical newspaper man himself he fully appreciated the fact that a public Journal to be 
successful must give the news to its readers in an attractive form and with as near an 
approach to accuracy as circumstances will permit. Since that time the success of the 
American has been uninterrupted As its name imports, it is an admirable commercial 
paper and relied upon by our merchants and business men for its able and thorough 
market reports and monetary articles. 

The tone of the paper is temperate and the impartial bearing it has maintained upon ^1 
questions affecting the growth and development of our City and its internal management, 
has established for it a reputation for good sense and sound judgment, and its advice has 
been repeatedly sought and acted upon by the municipal authorities, even though opposed 
to its political teachings. The financial management of the paper since 1869 has been 
marked by great ability and enterprise, and has contributed measurably to its prosperity. 

The publication of The Sun, of which Mr. A. S. Abell, the original founder, is the 
proprietor, was begun May 17th, 1837. It was the first attempt made in this city to 
establish a penny-paper, and its success during the first nine months of its existence far 
exceeded the most sanguine hopes of its projectors. The breaking out of the Mexican war 
and the energy displayed by the proprietors of The Sun in securing the earliest intelli- 
gence from the seat of war by means of a pony express gave the paper an impetus which 
it has since then maintained, in fact, its subsequent career has been an uninterrupted success. 




""■^^WV-^.^S 'v.^i 



THE SUTsT IROlSr BTJILDIIN^a, 

S. E. Corner of Baltimore and South Streets, 

BALTIMORE, MI3. 
■ • » » 

OFFICE OF TEE BAIL Y AJVD WEEKL Y SUJV, 

THE BEST AND CHEAPEST NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED. 

Daily circulation larger than all the other city morning papers comhined — conse- 
quently unrivalled as an advertising medium. 

TBBMS— Daily Sun, $Q for 12 months; $3 for 6 months ; $1.50 for B months. 
Weekly Sun, $1.50 for 12 months; $lfor 6 months — in advance. 

A. S. ABELL & CO., Propkietors. 



The Moitumental City, Its Past Histoby, Etc. 59 

As a public journal, giving the news in a concise but readable form, The Sun has no 
-superior in the country. Sagacity and enterprise are exhibited in its management, and 
its editorial columns are marked by ability and sound sense. The Sun Iron Building, on 
the southeast corner of South and Baltimore streets, from whence the paper is at present 
issued, was the first edifice of that character erected in America. It was built entirely of 
iron at a time when business men generally were unwilling to try the experiment, and its 
usefulness and beauty have abundantly attested the discernment of Mr. Abell. 

The publication of The Daily Exchange was begun in this City on the 22d of Feb- 
ruary, 1858. The paper because of the bold stand it assumed with reference to local 
disorders and its manly and vigorous leaders, immediately attracted attention. 

It was mainly instrumental in restoring a healthy tone to local politics, and during the 
first year of its existence became a power in the community. 

The Exchange was suppressed by the strong arm of the military in 1861, but promptly 
reappeared as the Makyland News Sheet, under which title it was published until the 
■cessation of hostilities in 1865, when it was issued under its present name, The Balti- 
MOKE Gazette. On the 3d of May of the present year The Gazette partially changed 
hands. 

Mr. Charles J. Baker, a prominent merchant and manufacturer of this City, and a gen- 
tleman of no ordinary enterprise, united himself with Messrs. Welsh & Carpenter in the 
conduct of the paper — the latter having been connected with it from its origin. The name 
of Mr. Baker must be a tower of strength to any journal issued in Baltimore City. With 
rare business tact, large experience and ample means, he vmites sterling integrity and a 
lofty and generous nature, whose impulses are ever enlisted for the advancement of the 
City and the good of the people. 

The Gazette will be published hereafter in the quarto form, after the manner of the lead- 
ing New York dailies. Its prospectus is admirable. "It will maintain fully and fearlessly 
an independent position ; but whilst it will be free from all partizan trammels, it will con- 
sistently advocate and maintain Democratic principles. 

It will be under the control of no cliques- It will not admit the right of- any one to 
dictate its policy. It will utter its own opinions. 

It will defend the right. It will denounce wrong. It will strive to be worthy of public 
confidence, by correct accounts of current events, and fair discussion of public measures; 
by withholding scandal, as well as exposing public vices. It is pledged not to screen 
wrong doing in any one. Political and commercial friends will be sustained, so far as 
they are right. If they wish wrong palliated, or schemes of plunder and mismanagement 
in public affairs defended, they must seek other helpers. 

Considering the growth and wealth and resources of this city, its extending commerce, 
its many avenues of trade, **•»■»; considering its position and capability of becoming 
one of the largest centres of commercial and manufacturing activity in the country; con- 
sidering the number and increase of its public charities, and plans of public education, we 
have room among its growing activities for more public journals, and especially for one of 
the very highest class. 

In carrying out its plans it will scrutinize the management of public institutions and 
faithfully comment on their administration, and the capacity and uprightness of their 
managers. It will advocate a liberal policy for public schools ; and whilst it will be a 
cherished aim to watch these nurseries of thought and morals for evidences of successful 
and conscientious administration, it will not hesitate to oppose promptly partisanship or 
incapacity in school boards or teachers." 

With the enlargement of the size of the paper there will be a corresponding increase in 
the amount of reading matter, and no pains will be spared to obtain the earliest and most 
trustworthy news and the most interesting correspondence. 




GERMAN CORRESPONDENT BUILDING, 
Corner Baitimorb Street and Post Office Avenue. 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 61 

The above is the programme of The Gazette under its new auspices. The names of the 
gentlemen who have charge of the paper are a sufficient guarantee that it will be complied 
with in every respect. 

This journal already wields a potent influence in the City of Baltimore and many sec- 
tions of Maryland and the Southern States. That this will be measurably increased under 
its new direction admits of no doubt. 

The emigration of Germans to our city has aided materially in its development. As a 
class they have been industrious, energetic and enterprising, and many of the interests, 
detailed minutely in another portion of this volume, owe their rise and subsequent success 
to their sagacity and skill. A large number of them upon reaching our shores find it 
dfficult to master our language, and in consequence several newspapers have been estab- 
lished in this city which are published in the German language. 

The most prominent is the German Correspondent, founded in 1840 by Col. Frederick 
Raine, who has been since that time, a period of nearly thirty -three years, its proprietor 
and chief editor. The paper began its career as a weekly journal, with a list of eighty 
subscribers, but, through the prudence and energy of its proprietor, in 1848 it became one 
of the leading dailies of our city. In 1869, the Marble Building at the southwest corner of 
Baltimore street and Post Oflflce avenue, was built by Colonel Raine at a cost of |300,000, 
and since that time the Correspondent has been regularly issued from that handsome and 
substantial edifice. Its success is sufficient evidence of the admirable management of the 
paper and the ability displayed in the editorial columns has made it an influential organ 
among the Germans of Maryland and the neighboring States. 

A number of weekly papers are published in this City, prominent among which is the 
Baltimore Bulletin, of which W. Mackay Laffan and 8. 8. Early are proprietors. — 
This paper was established in 1870, and by its sprightliness, wit and common sense, soon 
earned for itself a popularity surpassing that of any weekly in Baltimore. It is not likely 
to lose its prestige in the hands of its present publishers. 

Among the periodicals published the Southern Magazine occupies perhaps the most 
conspicuous place. Its selected matter evinces taste and judgment, and the original articles 
which appear in its pages give evidence of ability and cultivation. 

Among the weeklies and monthlies there are a number of journals devoted exclusively 
to religion. These are under the auspices of the different denominations and are well 
supported by the respective Churches, both in this City and the rural districts of this and 
other States. 

The Merchants Exchange and News Room has been organized for more than a 
half century. For the past thirty years it has been under the management and proprietor- 
ship of Mr. George U. Porter. Prior to the purchase by the general Government of the 
old Exchange Building, the reading rooms were located therein, but in 1857, they were 
removed to the adjoining building where they have since been located. A careful record 
is preserved at the Exchange News Rooms, of the marine and commercial news ; tele- 
graphic advices of the New York and Liverpool markets are received ; together with files 
of papers from all the principal points in our own and foreign countries. The rooms are 
maintained at considerable expense and for support are dependent upon the annual sub- 
scriptions of the members. 

The Marine Observatory is situated on Federal Hill, overlooking the river and 
Chesapeake Bay to a distance of twenty miles and signaling vessels as they approach the 
harbor. Though entirely independent of the Exchange, it is nevertheless a valuable 
auxiliary. 

The Board of Trade of Baltimore, with the single exception of the New York 
Chamber of Commerce, is the oldest in the United States. It was organized in 1820, and 
in 1849 a reorganization was effected which proved highly beneficial, the Board since that 
time having proved itself thoroughly active and efficient. Recently, similar organizations 



63 The Monumental City, 

have been formed in nearly all the cities on the seaboard, from Portland to New Orleans, 
and every prominent city in the West to the Pacific coast has its Board of Trade or 
Chamber of Commerce, designed more especially to promote the interests of its immediate 
locality, but by united representation in the National Board, destined to wield much 
influence in shaping the commercial policy of the country. The high character of the 
men who compose the Board in this City have given to it a tone and strength almost 
peculiar to Baltimore. 

The members elect annually a Pre^dent, four Vice Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, and 
twenty-four Directors. Stated monthly meetings are held in their rooms at the Exchange 
Reading Rooms for the transaction of business. The first President under the reorganiza- 
tion in 1849 was John 0. Brune, who filled that position with credit to himself and to the 
satisfaction of the Board until 1862, when he was succeeded by Thomas C. Jenkins, who 
served three years. The lamented Albert Schumacher was then chosen President, which 
position he occupied iintil his death, on the 26th of June, 1871. Horatio L. Whitridge was 
selected as the successor of Mr. Schumacher and still occupies the position with B. M. 
Hodges, Jr., J. Hall Pleasants, Laurence Thomsen and Israel M. Parr, Vice Presidents, 
Edward B. Dallam, Treasurer, and George U. Porter, Secretary. Mr. Port has filled the 
position of Secretary to the Board since 1849, the date of its reorganization, with great' 
acceptability to the members. 

The Baltimoke Pkice Cukrent and Weekly Journal of Commerce was first 
issued on 29th June, 1849, by George U. Porter and Thomas W. Tobin. Prior to that 
period and for some years thereafter but little attention was bestowed by the daily news- 
papers upon commercial reports, and the need of such a publication was keenly felt by 
our merchants. Since the death of Mr. Tobin, in April, 1862, Mr. Porter has edited and 
conducted this journal, and is at present its sole proprietor. 

The Price Current is a faithful index of the Baltimore markets. It is conducted with 
marked ability, and is accepted by our merchants and business men as the highest 
authority in all matters pertaining to the trade and commerce of our City. 

No city in America offers a broader field than Baltimore for the development of jour- 
nalistic enterprise. Those papers already established are eminently worthy of the 
patronage they receive, but in a city of 300,000 inhabitants there must necessarily be room 
for at least twice the number of journals which now occupy the field. 

The moral and religious tone of our community is excellent. Though the city is not 
exempt from the nameless evils incident to all localities where human beings dwell together 
in masses, immorality does not rear its brazen front with impunity, nor does the law by 
its inaction encourage vice or embolden its votaries. Purity from time immemorial has 
been claimed as an especial virtue of the inhabitants, and our citizens have not soiled the 
fair fame which has come down to them as a priceless legacy from their ancestors. Balti- 
moreans are eminently a church-going people. 

There are two hundred and four churches within the limits of the City divided among 
the different denominations as follows : Methodist Episcopal 46 ; Protestant Episcopal 30; 
Catholic 24; Presbyterian 18 ; Evangelical Lutheran 13 ; Baptist 10 ; Jewish Synagogues 9; 
Methodist Episcopal (South) 9 ; Methodist Protestant 8 ; United Brethren 8 ; African Meth- 
odists 7 ; Reform Church 6 ; Independent Methodists 2 ; Friends 3 ; Swedenborgian 3 . 
Evangelical Association 2 ; Independent Church 2 ; and the Christian, Seamen's Union 
Bethel, Unitarian, and Universalists each one. Of the two hundred and four churches, 
seventeen are maintained by the colored population of the City, In this summary of 
churches none save those within the boundaries of the corporation are enumerated. 

Immediately outside of the jurisdiction of the city are numerous churches and chapels, 
many of them constructed and maintained largely through the liberaUty of our citizens, 
which would swell the aggregate considerably. There are two hundred and thirty-seven 
ecclesiastics actively engaged in ministerial duties who may be classified as follows : 



Its Past Histoey ahd Peesent Eesoueces. 



63 



Catholics 61 ; Methodist Episcopal 43 ; Protestant Episcopal 44 ; Presbyterian 18 ; Evan- 
gelical Lutheran 12 ; Baptist 9 ; Methodist Protestant 9 ; Methodist Episcopal (South) 9 ; 
United Brethren 6 ; Reformed Church 6 ; African Methodist 5 ; Independent Methodist 3 ; 
Evangelical Association and Independent Church, two each ; and the Christian Church, 




ST. PAUL'S p. E. CHURCH. 



Seafaen's Union Bethel, Universalist and Unitarian, each one. The Province of Bal- 
timore being at the head of the Catholic Hierachy in this country, the Primate of that 
Church in America, Archbishop Bayley, vyith his council, resides in this City. Bishop 
Whittingham, the Senior Bishop of the P. E. Diocese of Maryland, Bishop Ames of the 



64 The Monumental City, Its Past Histoey, Etc. 

M. E. Church, Bishop "Weaver of the United Brethren and Bishop Wayman of the African 
M. E. Church, also live in Baltimore. 

Sunday is emphatically a day of rest in our City. Under the law, business of every 
description is suspended, and the citizens willingly co-operate with the authorities in the 
enforcement of its provisions. A stillness unbroken, save by the tinkle of the car-bells 
or the voices of the people as they move to and from the houses of worship, reigns through 
the city during the morning hours, and upon pleasant afternoons the promenades and 
thoroughfares are fairly alive with happy faces eager to bathe in the soft Sabbath sunlight 
and breathe the invigorating air which rolls up from the Chesapeake. 

A large amount of capital has been invested in the construction of Church edifices, and 
many of them furnish evidences of cultivation and taste. This brings us to the con- 
sideration of another feature of our City. 

The effect of its buildings upon the character of a city is not always properly appreci- 
ated. Sombreness or gaiety, lights or shadows, depend oftener than is generally supposed 
upon the style of ornamentation adopted in the construction of our houses; and the tastes 
and habits of a people may be sometimes accurately inferred from the style of Architec- 
ture prevalent among them. Not many years ago the popular mind was completely fet- 
tered in this regard by arbitrary rules. The most tyrannical despot could not have more 
thoroughly bound his subjects hand and foot. The severity of Grecian models or the 
almost equally simple outlines of Roman architecture, formed the framework upon which 
were designed all public buildings, while private dwellings, with few exceptions, were 
constructed solely with a view to their inner convenience and comfort, and without a 
thought to their external adornment. Wherever these heavy styles obtained exclusively, 
a corresponding gravity was noticeable among the people. 

The attention of Ruskin was attracted to this phase of the subject, and the efforts of that 
practical but exquisite thinker, coupled with the exertions of his co-workers, have effected 
a complete revolution in the science of architecture abroad, while the fresh and vigorous 
impulses of Americans have done much to emancipate them from the master they learned 
to serve in provincial times. The spirit which held us in Grecian and Roman bonds is 
rapidly giving way before the ambitious efforts of our energetic architects, and a system 
has grown up not referable to any particular style, but a combination of many which may 
be described as distinctively American. 

The steady and substantial development of Baltimore has been favorable to the con- 
struction of stable and handsome public edifices. While no recognized style of architec- 
ture has been rigidly enforced, the beauties and advantages of the Grecian, Roman, 
Corinthian and Gothic have been adopted by our architects, and blended with more 
modern ideas, varied occasionally by suggestions originating with themselves. As an 
illustration of the advances since made in this direction we subjoin a cut of the old Light 
Street Methodist Episcopal Church, built in 1797.'' The Roman outlines of its windows 
scarcely relieve the primitive aspect of the building, and we turn with pride and some- 
what of enthusiasm to the magnificent Gothic structure known as the Mount Vernon 
Place M. E. Church, and completed in 1873. 

But the desire for architectural adornment manifested itself at an early period in the 
history of Baltimore. In 1806 the foundations of the Cathedral, the metropolitan Church 
of the Catholics in this country, were laid, and in 1821 it was consecrated. In thorough- 
ness of design and substantial workmanship it has no superior in the United States. It is 
located at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry Streets, an elevated portion of the City, 
and is an unfailing source of admiration to all who visit Baltimore. It approaches nearer 
the Roman style of architecture than any other, in its construction, though the architect 
did not permit himself to be circumscribed by the limits of a particular school. It is 
built in the form of a cross. The immense Dome suggesting grandeur, while the massive 



66 The Monumental City, 

pillars and towering arches are indicative of a strength and durability, calculated to defy 
the insidious ravages of time for many generations. The interior of the Cathedral is pro- 
fusely decorated with paintings of rare merit, and its vaulted recesses by the manifold 
vibrations they create, have given it a national reputation for acoustic properties. 



MOUNT VERNON PLACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
Dixon & Cabson, ABcaiiEcis, Baltimobb. 

Si. Paul's Church, at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, a fair specimen of th* 
Komanesque or Lombardic, by its uniqueness of design gives variety to our churcli 
architecture. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 67 

In point of beauty, exquisite finish and faithful adherence to scientific principles the 
First Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Madison and Park streets, stands alone. It is 
built in the Pointed Gothic Style, of a very richly colored freestone from the quarries of 
New Brunswick. The ornamentation though simple is highly wrought and the perfect 
symmetry and grace of its numerous spires, and in fact of every portion of the edifice will 
challenge comparison with any similar effort at home or abroad. The eye dwells upon 
its bold but comely outlines with ever increasing delight, and the citizen evinces a legiti- 
mate pride in a structure which is at once a triumph in architecture, and a memorial of the 
taste of Baltimoreans. 

Among the churches possessing claims to notice for architectural finish may be mentioned 
the Independent Methodist Church at the corner of Lexington and Calhoun Streets, and 
the Eutaw Place Baptist Church — both of them modified specimens of Gothic Architecture. 

But the spirit of improvement in the science of architecture, has not been confined to 
the embellishment of churches. Many of our public buildings give evidences of marked 
progress in this respect. The City Hall, now approaching completion in the heart of the 
City is a magnificent marble structure, the design of which is in accordance with the 
Roman style, very materially modified by modem innovations, of which the French roof 
is a prominent feature. The marble was obtained from the quarries near the City, and 
dressed in the vicinity of the building by Baltimore stone cutters. The City Hall, when 
finished, will be one of the handsomest and most imposing edifices in this country, and 
will refiect credit on our City, the materials for its construction, to the minutest item, 
having been obtained within the limits of the State, and the work upon it, having been 
done altogether by the artisans of Baltimore. 

The Baltimore City Jail, a massive granite structure, Romanesque in its outlines, combines 
with usefulness and durability all the most attractive features of that impressive style of 
architecture, and may be cited as a model for the erection of prison buildings, an experience 
of fifteen years having demonstrated as well its security as its thorough sanitary properties. 

The Masonic Temple, on Charles street, and the Young Men's Christian Association 
Building, to be constructed at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, the one of white 
marble, the other of pressed brick, with freestone dressings, are distinctive types of what 
may be termed American Architecture. Their outlines are referable to no received schools, 
but embrace features which resemble in some respects the leading characteristics both of 
Grecian and Romanesque styles, so blended with modern principles of construction and 
originality of design, as to puzzle the student pertinaciously bent upon adding to his class- 
ical knowledge, but none the less interesting and attractive to the general public on that 
account. The United States Custom House and Court House are both substantial buildings, 
the one located for convenience at the comer of Gay and Second streets, in the business 
heart of the city, and the other at the corner of Fayette and North streets, in close prox- 
imity to the offices of the members of the Bar and the State Courts of Justice. 

In addition to the above there are many other public buildings of prominence, a very 
large number of which are built entirely of white marble, inexhaustible supplies of this 
material lying within easy access of the city and procurable at rates which make it 
specially desirable for building purposes. 

Any reference to the architecture of Baltimore would be incomplete, without an allusion 
to the dwelling houses of her citizens. In traversing some cities, a feeling of oppressive- 
ness steals over the traveller which he strives in vain to overcome. The streets are 
methodically laid out, the hoiises neat, regularly built, and uniform in appearance, and 
the stranger instinctively looks within himself for an explanation of his dullness. This 
feeling is easily accounted for. Nature abhors equality and similitude. This very 
uniformity produces a sensation of weariness, A street may be lined on either side for 
miles with handsome residences, but if they are of the same size, built exactly alike, with 
similar door-heads, windows, shutters, cornices, and roofs, the effect is necessarily monoto- 
5 



68 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 

nous, and when to this is added an indefinite number of streets, counterparts of the one 
described above, we cease to wonder at the tiresome impression created. Baltimore is 
certainly as free from this fault as any city in the United States. While the streets in 
many portions of the city are lined with costly and elegant dwellings, there is generally 
sufiacient variety in the mode of construction, and external adornment to attract attention 
and insure interest, and the numerous cottages which dot the sides of our thoroughfares 
especially in the sections recently built, impart a charm to the landscape which must be 
seen to be appreciated. 

It is proverbially said that Republics are ungrateful, and the adage earns confirmation 
from the spectacle presented to-day in the Capital of the Country. A huge mass of marble 
rises out of the mud-fiats on the Potomac river. Misshapen, unfinished and gradually 
settling in the ooze upon which its foundations are laid, it is rather a monument to the 
bad taste of the American people, or their representatives, and the lukewarmness with 
which they regard their great benefactors, than a. memorial of him who was "first in 
peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." For more than twenty 
years the most strenuous efforts have been made by the patriotic people of the United 
States of both sexes to complete this marble column in honor of him whom the icorld 
calls great, but the shaft has scarcely risen above the foundations. 

The vividness of the contrast presented by the action of our own people fairly entitles 
Baltimore to be styled " The Monumental City," a name by which she is known both at 
home and abroad, and of which she is justly proud. In 1809, while the City was yet in 
swaddling clothes, a number of well-known citizens were empowered by the Legislature of 
Maryland to erect in Baltimore a Monument to George "Washington. It was to have 
been built upon the spot where the Battle Monument now stands, but the breaking out 
of the war between this country and Great Britain soon absorbed raiblic attention, and 
the project was held in abeyance until hostilities had ceased. In the meantime the City 
had been saved from destruction by the Battle of North Point, and the heroism of those 
who had fallen in that memorable action was fresh in the minds of the citizens. To 
honor their memories appeared as natural as commendable to Baltimoreans, and the 
echoes of the guns had scarcely died away ere a petition was circulated by the Committee 
of Safety soliciting subscriptions for this purpose. All classes contributed freely, and in 
1815 the "Battle Monument" was reared in the centre of the space now known as Monu- 
ment Square. 

This necessitated a change of location for the Washington Monument, and Col. John 
Eager Howard, distinguished as an oflicer in the Revolutionary war, and subsequently 
Governor of Maryland, offered the Commissioners as much land as was needed about the 
crest of the hill now known as Mount Vernon Place, but which was at that time covered 
with forest trees. In those days it was customary to make use of lotteries to secure the 
necessary funds for the prosecution of public enterprises, a rather questionable expedient 
in the light of modern ideas of morality. Churches and buildings for secular purposes 
were alike indebted to the blind goddess. It was thus that much of the money was 
raised for the completion of the Washington Monument. 

The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 4th of July, 1815, and 
the statue, representing Washington resigning his commission, was placed in position 
October 19th, 1829. The Monument is a graceful Doric column built of white marble. 
The base is 50 feet square and 24 feet high, and the column is 164 feet in height. The 
whole structure rises to an elevation of over 280 feet above tide-water, and from its top can 
be obtained a view which for beauty, variety and extent is seldom equalled. 

At the base of this memorial lies the Monumental City, a picture, the inequalities of 
which are softened by the distance of the spectator, and whose attractive features are beau- 
tifully blended by its subtle enchantment, — to the south, the Patapsco rolls on to the 




WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



w 



The Monumental City, 



stately Chesapeake, land-locked and obstructed by many a rudely jutting point from, the 
adjacent County of Anne Arundel, or the low-browed shores on the opposite side,— to the 
Tvest, the hills, gathering strength as they recede, rise one above another until a lofty spur 
of the Blue Ridge marks the horizon, and its azure lines shut out the scene beyond,— to 
the north and east the beautiful villas and smiling valleys of Baltimore County are seen 
in numbers— the whole forming a gorgeous panorama which the visitor once contem- 
plating will not easily forget. 




WILDEY MONUMENT, BROADWAY. 

Baltimore has other claims to the title mentioned above. On the 26th of April, 1865, 
the Odd Fellows' Monument, an unique structure sumounted by a Grecian Done column, 
the whole 52 feet in height, was dedicated to Thomas Wildey, the founder of the Order of 



Its Past History akd Present Kesoxjrces. 71 

Odd Fellows in America. The Monument is on Broadway, above Baltimore Street, and 
is a very handsome ornament to the eastern section of the City. 

The Wells and McComas Monument has been erected in Ashland Square to the memory 
of the two young men who are popularly supposed to have slain General Ross, the 
commander of the British troops in the battle of North Point, contributing thereby very 
greatly to the defeat of the invaders, though neither of them lived to learn the service they 
had rendered to their native City. 

In America the taste for Painting and Sculpture has not proportionately developed with, 
her material advancement. While in the number, variety and usefulness of her discove- 
ries and inventions, the United States has surpassed every other enlightened nation, she 
has never ceased to pay tribute to Europeans in the matter of the Fine Akts. This does 
not arise so much from the want of talent among our people as from the morbid national 
tendency to sacrifice the ideal to the desire of gain, and the absence of that higher class in 
our midst upon whose patronage and wealth. Art has always been completely dependent 
Thus in almost every instance where native artists have attained eminence it has been 
secured under the fostering influence of a more congenial clime and accompanied by the 
aid and countenance of persons other than Americans. 

In matters of art Baltimore has made much unostentatious progi-ess, and to day there 
are collections of pictures, growing little by little, in the possession of some of her citizens, 
which promise within the near future to assume proportions of national interest. Mr. 
William T. Walters is the owner of one which is conceded to be the finest in the United 
States. Colonel J. Strieker Jenkins comes next, with a large and extremely valuable 
collection, a majority of the pictures in which were painted upon direct commissions from 
the owner and not purchased when already finished and in the market. The most distin- 
guished names in contemporary art are to be found in it. There are several other promi- 
nent collectors, foremost among whom may be mentioned Mr. John King, Jr., Yice 
President of the Baltimore and Ohio .Railroad ; Mr. George R. Vickers, a retired merchant; 
Mr. Samuel S. Early, a Baltimore editor, formerly of Terra Haute, Indiana ; Mr. B. F. 
Newcomer, Mr. D. L. Bartlett, Dr. George Reuling, and others. 

Mr. Walters' collection is a remarkable one in many respects — in the pictures that it 
contains, the history of their acquisition, and the extreme beauty of the gallery, which for 
graceful design, appropriateness to its purpose and costliness of material, is not anywhere 
equalled in this country. It is situated in the rear of Mr. Walter's elegant city residence 
on Mount Vernon Place, and the several years occupied in its construction have been 
amply repaid. Nothing could be more charming than the beautiful spectacle that it 
presents or the effect conveyed by the warm neutrality of its tapestry, fresco, woodwork, 
and carpeting in contrast with the brilliant kaleidoscope of art treasures that hang on its 
walls. Among the artists represented the following are noted at random from the differ- 
ent schools: Delaroche, Meissonnier, Gerome, Frere (Edouard), Jalabert, Rousseau, 
Breton, Yibert, Plassan, Calame, Oorot, Willems, Gallait, Jaique, Zeim, Bonheur, Bida, 
Hamon, Gleyre, Lasalle, Dargelas, Des Gofies, Odier, St. Jean, Tissot, Chavet, Landelle, 
Breton (E.), Merle, Duverger, Prever, Hubner, Troyon, Van Marcke, Weber, Muller 
Bischoff, Leutze, Achenbach, Hiddeman, Heilbuth, Fichel, Kensett, Hart, Durand, Wood- 
ville, Stevens, Johnston, Richards, Church, Lambert, Trayer, Jacovacci, Herring, &c. 

In Colonel Jenkins' collection must be noted several remarkable pictures by such artists 
as Jalabert, Jourdan, Bouguereau, Schreyer, Delort, Plassan, Brillouin, Plot, Beranger, 
Castres, Caille, Escosura, Baugniet, Grandchamps, Boulanger, Bakalowicz, Arnold, 
Chavet, Fichel, Castan, Toulmouche, Pecrus, Herbsthoffer, Coomas, Comte-Calix, Seignac, 
Antigua, Billotte, Baron, Van Schendel, Hamon, Lemmens, Robbe, Coutourier, Frere 
Kensett, Hart, Gray, Baker, Huntingdon, Elliott, Rossiter, Benson, Gifibrd, Casilear, 
Richards, Boughton, Lambdin, Durand, Church, &c. All these are of the highest order 



72 



The Monumental City, 



of merit and have, many of them, a reputation that extends not only to all American art 
collectors, but also to those of European capitals. 

Among native artists who, by reason of the reputation universally accorded them, 
deserve special notice may be mentioned the sculptor, William H. Rinehart. Mr. Rine- 
hart was born in Carroll County, Maryland, and began life as a stone cutter. He soon 
developed an extraordinary talent for sculpture, and through the kindness of friends was 




MASONIC TEMPLE. 

enabled to pursue his studies in Italy, "the cradle of the Muses." His early promise has- 
been more than realized. He has won for himself a proud place among living sculptors,, 
and as has been justly said, "the State owes him much for the reflected honor of his well 
earned reputation." His works are numerous and many of them adorn the dwellings and 
grounds of Baltimore's wealthy citizens. Among them may be mentioned the statue of 



Its Past Histoey and Present Kesources. 73 

"Clytie," — regarded by the artist himself as his chef-d^ceuvre — which was purchased 
recently by our public spirited townsman, Mr. John W. McCoy, and presented by him to 
the Peabody Institute, where it is placed in an elegant and appropriate setting, and by the 
terms of the gift is accessible to the public, at all times, without charge ; the statue of 
Chief Justice Taney, lately unveiled in Annapolis, the capital of the State ; the Woman of 
Samaria, in possession of Mr. Wm. T. Walters; the Bronze Door to the Capitol at Wash- 
ington; the Monumental Female Figure, in bronze, in Greenmount Cemetery; a beautiful 
group of Sleeping Babes, in marble, in the same Cemetery ; " Christ — I am the Resurrec- 
tion and the Life" — with the Angel of the Resurrection, in Loudon Park Cemetery; and 
a host of minor productions which display as well the fertility of his genius as his perfect 
taste and marked merit. 

An annual exhibition and sale of paintings in this City, begun in 1871 and continued 
since that time, has brought to light a number of artists, evidencing that if Painting has 
not reached its highest development, a talent for it has at least been very generally diffused 
in our community. These exhibitions bear testimony both to the ability and versatility 
of Baltimore artists. Among those who deserve mention for a creditable degree of talent 
maybe cited Mrs. S. Schwing, her "Marguerite" and "Hero and Leander" having re- 
ceived the commendations of the critics and press generally; A. Quartley, whose Coast 
Scenes are very much admired : A. J. H. Way, a very able and painstaking painter of 
Still -Life Studies ; and H. Bolton Jones, some of whose Landscapes are an earnest what the 
public may anticipate in the tuture. 

The rare opportunities offered by the extension of the Peabody Institute and the 
. enlargement of its sphere of usefulness will make Baltimore, at no distant period, a very 
desirable location for artists who are pursuing their studies, while the encouragement given 
by one of the Clubs, the Allston, has also a most beneficial tendency. 

Already the example set by Mr. McCoy has borne fruits. Mr. George S. Brown, a 
prominent banker of Baltimore, presented to the Peabody recently two statues, Pocahontas 
and Venus, possessing great merit, and the prospect is that before long the Institute will 
be able to form an Art Gallery of no mean pretensions. 

The Bar op Maryland has ever been renowned for the standing and ability of its 
members. When Baltimore was but an overgrown village the adjacent counties of Anne 
Arundel and Harford were known all over the country through the prominence of their 
lawyers — in fact, the revolutionary struggle was barely at an end when Luther Martin, 
towering over his fellows by his massive intellect and legal acumen, became the leader of 
his profession in the young but vigorous Republic, and maintained this proud position 
against all competitors, until disease prostrated those powers which had been the admira- 
tion of the thirteen colonies. In those early days the names of Dulany, Chase and Johnson 
were household words in our Slate. They were as noted for their sterling integrity, as for 
their standing at the Bar. 

William Pinkney, whom Chief Justice Marshall styled the greatest of American lawyers 
was a contemporary of Luther Martin. His great talents were publicly recognized by 
his appointment as Minister to the Court of St. James, and his efforts subsequently in the 
Senate of the United States made it matter of profound national regret that his taking off 
in the flower of his life so abruptly terminated his services to his country. 

During the professional career of Pinkney, Baltimore began to lose somewhat of its 
provincial character, and with its growth came gradually the concentration in our city of 
the legal talent of the State. William Wirt, a native of Maryland, but by adoption a 
Virginian, sought here a wider field for the display of his wonderful genius as did also 
Robert Goodloe Harper, and the encounters between these intellectual athletes have fur- 
nished rich material for the essayists and biographers of the present day. 



74 The Monumental City, 

But the line of distinguished lawyers did not stop with Pinkney and his contemporaries. 
Their mantle fell upon the shoulders of such men as Chief Justice Taney, the great Chris- 
tian jurist, and John Nelson, the fiery Templar of modern jurisprudence; the one a 
beautiful exemplar of that justice which the storms of passion, prejudice and unreasoning 
malice were powerless to change, the other the advocate, whose eloquence like a torrent, 
swept everything before it, and whose versatility of genius made him equally at home in 
the Cabinet of the Nation or the Courts of Princes. Nor must the name of John V. L. 
McMahon be omitted. His herculean efforts in behalf of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
have forever linked his name with that corporation, while many of the gems which 
adorned his popular speeches are unwittingly used at the present day to round a period or 
give force to an otherwise pointless speech. 

Reverdy Johnson, a native of the City of Annapolis, is to-day confessedly the leader 
of the Baltimore Bar, and without a peer in the United States. His knowledge is profound, 
his reason singularly analytic and his conclusions marked by a clearness and accuracy 
which give to them the force of judicial decisions. The reputation of Mr. Johnson is not 
circumscribed by national boundaries. He is well and favorably known in Europe as in 
America. He has held in turn the oflBces of Cabinet Minister, United States Senator and 
Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to Great Britain, and in each of these 
capacities has demonstrated his right to the proud eminence he has attained as the great 
expounder of constitutional law. Mr. Johnson to-day, at an advanced age, is as vigorous 
in mind and body as when in the prime of life, and is justly revered by his fellow-citizens, 
who feel themselves to a certain extent sharers in the honor he has reflected upon his 
native State and the City of Baltimore. 

We have simply spoken of those members of the Bar whom the world has known, and 
each one of whom was princeps inter pares in his day and generation. There were many 
others who added lustre to the galaxy named above, and who aided materially in building 
up the reputation of the Baltimore Bar and giving to it that high tone which is at this 
present writing its most cherished feature. That there is no likelihood of degeneration in the 
future, might be shown by the number of gentlemen whose names are already well known 
to the country. The Library of the Baltimore Bar is one of the largest and most carefully 
selected in America, containing in addition to the reports from the different States in the 
Union, reports of all the leading cases adjudicated in Great Britain and on the continent 
of Europe. 

The Law Department of the University of Maryland is furnished with an excellent 
corps of Professors and its influence and eflBciency are becoming more apparent every 
year. 

The Science of Medicine has made decided advances in the last half century. A corps 
of tireless workers have watched, noted and compared results in the squalid huts of 
poverty and amid the poisoned air of the pest-house. "With dauntless courage they have 
stood between the pestilence and humanity and though not always victorious they have 
faithfully used all the weapons which scientific research could furnish, and if nothing 
more, like true sentinels have fallen in their armor and at their posts. Statistics have been 
compiled from which reliable inferences can be drawn, and a hospital system perfected 
that has gone far to alleviate the sufferings of the sick and has saved many lives which 
would have been sacrificed heretofore by neglect or inexperience. 

The Medical men of this State have not been behind their brethren elsewhere in their 
contributions to the common cause. The names of Littlejohn, Brown, Mackenzie, 
Donaldson and Buckler, are household words and their memories are revered by the 
descendants of those whom they so well and truly served. 

Appreciating the importance of united effort for the public good, as early as 1799, they 
organized the "Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland," and by an act of incorpo- 
ration were made examiners of all who desired to "practice the healing art, thus showing 



Its Past Histoey and Peesent Resoueces. 



75 



their recognition of the need of the highest intelligence and most careful preparation as 
prerequisites for the successful physician. This Society is still in existence, and the sug- 
gestions thrown out at its semi-annual meetings through the medium of scientific discus- 
sions and essays are of value to the profession. 

The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. A handsome building was 
erected and a full corps of Professors secured. Like similar institutions in this country, it 
had its early struggles, and not until 1827 were its advantages generally recognized by the 
public Among many eminent men who have taught within its walls some have acquired 
a world-wide reputation, as for instance Granville SharpePattison and Robley Dunglison, 
but to no one is the school more indebted for its standing than to Nathan Ryno Smith. 
Professor Smith, son of the celebrated surgeon of that name at Yale College, was elected 
to the Chair of Surgery in the Maryland University in 1827. Possessed of abilities which 




FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

would have distinguished him in any path of life, it may be regarded as fortunate for the 
world that he selected medicine as his profession. His acceptance of a chair in the 
University infused new energy into the institution and the reputation which he soon 
earned as one of the most daring and skillful Surgeons in the country, attracted students 
from all parts of the South and West, and frequently from States lying North of Maryland. 
Dr. Smith, combined with wonderful energy and great experience, unusual originality and 
the world is indebted to him for the invention of instruments for lithotomy and fracture 
by means of which much suffering has been prevented and many lives saved. For more 
than forty years he has pursued his professional career with unwearied steps and constantly 
increasing usefulness. In 1867 he visited Europe and was the recipient of the most 
flattering attentions from Physicians and Scientists of distinction. It rarely happens to 
the lot of professional men to receive such honors while yet alive, but Dr. Smith, at a ripe 



76' The Monumental City, 

old age, lias universally accorded to him the proud title, the Chief of American Surgeons * 
Although he has retired from the University his example and influence still stimulate his 
younger brethren who are so successfully sustaining the reputation of the School. 

The success of the Maryland University encouraged our enterprising physicians to 
undertake an institution of similar character. In 1867, a favorable moment for the estab- 
lishment of a second Medical College, the Medical Department of Washington University 
was reorganized in this city. The zeal and ability displayed by the Faculty in the incul- 
cation of "the mysteries of the healing art" have been rewarded with unusual success. 
The reputation of the Institution has kept pace with their efforts, and is now national. The 
course of instruction is thorough and comprehensive, embracing all the branches com- 
monly taught in such Colleges. Adjoining the School is a large Hospital, under the 
exclusive control of the Faculty, where students may witness at the bed-side the practical 
illustration of what is theoretically taught in the lecture-room. 

Within a recent period another competitor in the race for professional honors has been 
added to the list— the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Its Professors are young men 
of high culture, who are determined by earnest work to make up for any advantage that 
age may have given its rivals. Latterly, a number of diseases particularly belonging to 
the domain of Surgery have been so developed by the discoveries of the Microscope, 
Opthalmoscope, &c., that specialists have devoted themselves exclusively to their study 
and treatment. In addition to the medical schools proper, these correlative institutions 
have been established in our City, and are presided over by as distinguished and capable 
Occulists and Aurists as can be found elsewhere. 

Chemistry and Pharmacy are so nearly allied to Medicine that wherever the one 
Department is found in healthy growth the advance of the other may be safely predicted- 
The Maryland College of Pharmacy was established in 1841, under the presidency of the 
veteran pharmaceutist, George W. Andrews. This institution has an excellent reputation- 
Its diplomas are as valuable as those granted by any similar institution in the country. 

It will thus be seen that in all that enters into the practical value, scientific resources 
and efficient teaching of Medicine and its sister sciences, Baltimore offers superior 
advantages. 

In one sense Dentistry is a modern science. That it was known and practiced in 
ancient Egypt, is evident from the discoveries in the Pyramids ; and that a measure of 
skill was attained, is apparent from the remnants of workmanship still preserved, but its 
disappearance was as complete as the passing away of the Lost Arts, and in the eighteenth 
century practical Dentistry had no existence. During that period public attention was 
attracted to the subject, and a number of theoretical treatises were written by enthusiastic 
physicians. It was not however until the early part of the present century, that the views 
of its votaries assumed a practical direction sufficient to elevate it into a distinct science. 
America had the honor of nursing it through its infant struggles, and Baltimore may with 
propriety be called the birthplace of modern Dentistry 

In 1826, the "Principles of Dental Surgery" appeared in London, a work written by 
Leonard Koecker, a Baltimore physician. This was followed, in 1839, by the establish- 
ment in Baltimore of the " American Journal and Library of Dental Science," and in 1840 
the " Baltimore College of Dental Surgery " was organized under a charter granted by the 
Legislature of Maryland. Shortly afterwards the great standard work of Dr. Chapin A. 
Harris, the "Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery," made its appearance. The 
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, in which Dr. Harris was for a number of years"a 
leading Professor, is not only the oldest, but if we may judge by results, one of the best in 
the world. Seven hundred and nine students have been graduated by this institution 
since its foundation. They are distributed pretty generally through the civilized por- 

• Since writing the above, Professor N. R. Smith has been called to the Presidency of the Medical Faculty 
«f the Maryland Tniversity, with the title of "Emeritus Professor of Surgery." 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 



n 



tions of the globe, and wherever they have located the fame of their Alma Mater has 
accompanied them. Every Dental College in this country contains in its faculty some 
graduate of this institution, and a large majority of the Court Dentists of Europe acknow- 
ledge their obligations to the same source. The Museum of the College is, without doubt, 
among the most complete in the United States, possessing a large and rare collection of 
pathological specimens, while the course marked out for the students is very comprehen- 




SHARP ST. M. E. CHURCH, (COLORED,) BETWEEN LOMBARD AND PRATT STREETS. 

sive, embracing anatomy, physiology and chemistry, the lectures upon these subjects being 
very full and minute. 

Baltimore took the lead in this department of science from the first, and has steadily 
maintained her position. The students matriculating in this city, are not confined to the 
United States, but many come from the enhghtened centres of Europe to avail themselves 
of the advantages which Baltimore extends to those desirous of acquiring a knowledge of 



78 The Monumental City, 

Dentistry. The great advances made latterly in this science would seem to suggest the 
propriety of pursumg a similar course with reference to other parts of the human body. 
By separating the science of Medicine into distinct branches perhaps the same beneficial 
results might ensue. 

There is a Dental College organized here, (to be opened in the fall,) the faculty of which 
embraces some of the most prominent and distinguished Practitioners of Dentistry in the 
city. 

Club-life, an almost universal feature of London society, and extensively imitated in 
some American cities, has received but little encouragement in Baltimore. This is due 
possibly to the superior attractiveness of domestic life in our City. There is small need 
for Clubs where cultivated and refined society, divested of artificiality, ofi"ers such tempting 
indiTcements. Clubs have been organized here, however, and they will compare very 
favorably with those in other places. 

The Maryland Club, the oldest in the City, was founded by a number of the most cul- 
tivated gentlemen in the State for the purpose of keeping alive a civilization in some 
respects peculiar, and which was endangered by the rude but vigorous strides of Young 
America. It at present numbers among its members gentlemen from all portions of 
Maryland, and the close communion thus established has resulted in the perpetuation of 
that traditional hospitality of which every true Marylander is proud. Gentlemen from all 
parts of the United States and from the centres of civilization in Europe have refeiTed with 
pleasure and somewhat of enthusiasm to the courtesies received from its members. — 
The AUston Association is more ambitious. In addition to the amenities of social life it 
designs to inspire a taste for the beautiful, and with this end in view a series of entertain- 
ments are given annually which combine the aesthetic with pleasurable features. It 
difiers from "The Maryland" also in the fact that ladies may become honorary roembers 
of the Association, and a number of the most gifted in Baltimore have availed themselves 
of this privilege. 

The Baltimore Club, recently organized, is a worthy competitor of the above, and 
already embraces within its membership many of the leading gentlemen in the City 

Our citizens of foreign birth or ancestry, the Germans, Irish, Scotch and English have 
organized Clubs which, aside from their social characteristics, have been the means of 
relieving much suflEering and materially benefiting their brethren newly arrived upon our 
shores. 

Baltimore has always been more remarkable for the social qualities of its people than 
for any decided penchant on their part for public amusements. In the past, the full 
■development of the one has measurably done away with the necessity for the other. But 
with the enlargement of trade and commerce and the consequent addition to the transient 
population of the City the taste for popular entertainments has greatly increased. Ford's 
•Grand Opera House, at the corner of Fayette and Eutaw Streets, will compare favorably 
with any similar place of amusement in the country. Its external finish is tasteful, whUe 
the appointments of the interior are luxurious and elegant. The drawing-room or parlor 
on the second floor is decorated by the genius of the best portrait and landscape painters in 
Baltimore. The advantages of the auditorium are ample room, great height of ceiling* 
and perfect optical and acoustic properties. The roomy stage, numerous modes of exit 
and massive strength of the entire building, make it one of the pleasantest and safest 
theafres to visit in the United States. 

Mr. John T. Ford, to whose enterprise our City is indebted for this creditable Temple 
of the Mi2ses, has further exerted himself to ofi"er to the public, entertainments, both 
operatic and dramatic, the best to be had. HoUiday Street Theatre, the Old Drury of 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 79 

Baltimore, under the management of the same gentleman, is a cosy and pleasant retreat 
where the citizen or the stranger within our gates, may be entertained for an evening by 
the latest novelty in the dramatic line. Mr. Ford has shown himself to be a public- 
spirited citizen, by the decided and progressive views he has entertained and oftentimes 
enforced with reference to the government of the City, and by his bountiful charities 
during periods of great public distress. His Theatres have been surrendered repeatedly to 
the little ones in our midst, and the wonders of the Arabian Nights revealed to their 
astonished and delighted gaze, thereby setting an example which has been followed 
in some of the cities along the Atlantic seaboard with great benefit to the needy inno- 
cents. 

Front Street Theatre, under the management of its present proprietor, has catered with 
commendable success to the public taste, ofiering what is known in dramatic parlance as 
a variety entertainment, which justifies the name, and the ever-recurring novelties of 
which, have won for Colonel Sinn no small reputation as a theatrical manager. 

The above are the most prominent places of entertainment in our City. An Academy 
of Music is now being erected on Howard Street, under the auspices of a stock company, 
composed of our most eminent and influential citizens. The location is central and 
admirably suited for the enterprise. It will be built under the direction of a committee 
selected because of their peculiar fitness, and will doubtless prove a powerful auxiliary in 
the future progress of Baltimore. 

The Maryland State Agricultural and Mechanical Association was incorpo- 
rated in 1867. It was simply the revival of a Society which had existed for many years 
prior to the civil war and which numbered among its members many of the first men in 
Maryland. Appropriations were made both by the State and City, and the grounds at 
Pimlico on the outskirts of the City were purchased for the use of the Association. Situ- 
ated in the heart of a beautiful country and accessible to the public through the railways 
and delightful county roads, perhaps a better location could not have been selected in the 
vicinity of Baltimore. The grounds were carefully laid out and proper buildings erected 
for the convenience of exhibitors and the purposes of the Society. The Annual Exhibi- 
tions which take place usually in October, have steadily increased in popularity and 
excellence, and have begotten a very decided improvement in husbandry throughout the 
State, The leading farmers, and merchants, are thus brought together and the community 
of intercourse established, produces a reciprocity of sentiment which cannot fail to be 
advantageous to both classes of our citizens. 

Marylanders from a very early date have evidenced a decided taste for out-of-doors 
sports. The State was among the first to import the race horse from England, and fox- 
hunting, racing and field sports generally, were almost as familiar to those who became 
distinguished in olden times as were the means whereby they raised themselves to emi- 
nence. For many years Maryland horses bore off their full share of honors from the 
numerous contests which took place in different parts of the country and care was exercised 
by the farmers and planters in rearing the best specimens of this noble animal. 

For some unexplained reason, racing fell into disrepute, and at the close of the war no 
organized Jockey Club existed in the State. Mr. Sanford, the winner of the Saratoga Cup 
at the Saratoga race meeting in 1868, gave a dinner immediately thereafter to eight persons. 
Among the invited guests was Governor Oden Bowie, of Maryland. The conversation 
at table drifted to the establishment of races on a firm and reputable basis, to be presided 
over by gentlemen and from which, fraud and rascality, so often in the past unpleasant 
concomitants of the course, should be banished. It was proposed during the dinner that 
each of those present should subscribe $1,000 to make up a stake for the Fall of 1870. The 



80 The Monumental City, 

proposition was enthusiastically adopted and the subscriptions closed. In a subsequent 
conversation as to where the race should take place, Governor Bowie assured the gentlemen 
that if it was run at Baltimore he would pledge a club and a course. This was the origin 
of the celebrated " Dinner Stakes" of 1870, and also of the Maryland Jockey Club which 
already numbers among its members many of the most influential and distinguished gen- 
tlemen in the State, and which, though as yet in its infancy is favorably known through 
the country. 

An arrangement was effected with the Agricultural Society by which Pimlico was 
secured and a charter was obtained from the Legislature for the organization. Stables 
were built upon the grounds, the track, a mile in length, put in perfect order and a Grand 
Stand constructed which for strength, amplitude and the expansiveness of view it affords, 
is probably superior to any in the United States. The meetings of the Maryland Jockey 
Club which have taken place annually since 1870, in the autumn, have been eminently 
successful. The Course over which the races are run has steadily improved until at 
present it will compare favorably with any race-track in the country, and the great influx 
of strangers drawn hither during the annual meetings, tempted by the reputation of our 
citizens for hospitality and the aesthetic features for which our city is remarkable, together 
with the patronage extended by all classes of our own people have encouraged the Club 
to greater exertions, and hereafter two race-meetings, in the spring and fall respectively, 
will be held at Pimlico. The object contemplated in the organization of the Club, the 
purification of the Turf and its freedom from debasing influences has been kept steadily in 
view and the meetings are marked by the presence of the beauty, wealth and fashion of 
Baltimore. 

If the history of each large city was traced it would be found that its progi'ess had been 
marked by the springing up of towns and villages within reach of its influence. That 
these towns as soon as they had attained a sufficient degree of importance had been 
absorbed by the parent city and the intermediate space filled up with a hardy and indus- 
trious population — that perhaps to these offshoots is due in great measure the health of 
some cities and to their paucity the unwholesome atmosphere of others. 

Villages or towns built at a distance are laid out with a latitude of which the costly 
ground in cities proper will not admit. The land lying between the villages and cities is 
comparatively speaking cheap, and persons are somewhat more careful of the aesthetic 
features when laying it off into towns and townships, just as the farmer with time and 
space will have an eye to the beautiful and picturesque, while his poorer neighbor is com- 
pelled to make every foot of ground minister to the wants of himself and family. 

Some of the largest cities in America owe their present importance and much of their 
beauty and healthfulness to these accessories. Boston, with its dozen satellites is a city of 
much grander proportions than the simple town embraced within the corporate limits. 
Philadelphia, with Germantown, Kensington, the Northern Liberties and Philadelphia 
County, presents a more imposing array of inhabitants than would Ihat same city divested 
of these important adjuncts. Baltimore is encompassed by a number of these surburban 
towns and villages which add greatly to the attractiveness and prosperity of the city. 

Waverley, formerly known as Huntingdon, lies immediately outside of the city limits 
to the north of Baltimore. It contains a population of about 5,000 inhabitants and is well 
supplied with churches, public buildings and school houses. It is interesting as embracing 
the former seats of some of our older families, together with "Friendship" originally 
owned by the Quakers, " The Homestead " and Peabody Heights. The inhabitants are 
largely operatives, but many engaged in business in the City, have established their homes 
and have erected handsome dwellings within its limits. Two lines of horse-cars afford 
easy and constant communication with the City, its incorporation with Baltimore is a ■ 
matter that cannot be much longer delayed. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 81 

In these latter days when fact has usurped the place of fancy and nothing which does not 
minister to the material advan cement of the community can secure a lodgment within its 
limits, Mr. Horatio N. Gambrill, a gentleman of unsurpassed business capacity and 
energy deserves at least a passing notice. 

A more perfect representative of the practical side of the American character could 
scarcely be instanced, and the town of Woodberry, on the very verge of our City, is likely 
to prove an enduring monument to his sagacity and enterprise. In 1839, Mr. Gambrill 
leased the property then known as the Old Whitehall Flouring Mill, and in company with 
others, commenced the manufacture of Cotton Duck on a very limited scale. Trained from 
early youth in a cotton factory, he brought to the undertaking a thorough knowledge of 
his business, and his adventurous spirit cared little for the overgrown monopoly which had 
its seat in Patterson, New Jersey. The enterprise prospered — the original factory was 
enlarged and others erected until a thriving and beautiful town sprang into existence. 
Woodberry has at present a population of from 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants. Situated under 
the shadow of Baltimore's handsomest ornament, Druid Hill Park, not the least attractive 
portion of which, " Tempest Hill," was contributed by the town itself, Woodberry is one 
of the most promising villages around the City of Baltimore. In addition to the cotton 
duck factories. Pool & Hunt's mammoth machine shops are located here. The inhabitants 
are mostly operatives and their families. 

The town is noted for its high moral tone which has been fostered and encouraged by 
those who have thus far controlled its destinies. No intoxicating drinks are allowed to be 
sold within its precints, and it is abundantly supplied with churches and school houses. 

Mount Washington is perhaps the most picturesque of the small towns which encom- 
pass Baltimore. It is located upon lofty hills about five miles from the City. Elevated 
and healthy, with pure water and cultivated society, the village has of late years grown 
very rapidly and its eminences are now studded with the residences of merchants and 
business men from Baltimore. Both Woodberry and Mount Washington are situated on 
the Northern Central Railroad, within a few minutes ride of the city, and the trains of 
that railway and the Western Maryland are constantly passing backwards and forwards. 

Brooklyn, southeast of Baltimore, and connected by a commodious bridge over the 
middle branch of the Patapsco, was settled by the Patapsco Company in 1857. It is a 
flourishing village, regularly laid out, healthily located, and increasing rapidly in popula- 
tion and importance. Brooklyn has been selected as the terminus of the Baltimore and 
Drum Point Railroad, a work designed to penetrate the lower counties of the Western 
Shore of the State. It has a land-locked harbor and a water front of one and a half miles 
with a depth of water greater than can be found elsewhere in the vicinity of the City, and 
as the trade and commerce of Baltimore expand, doubtless the development of Brooklyn 
will be proportionate. 

Towsontown, the county seat of Baltimore County, is situated on the York road, about 
seven miles from the City. It is delightfully located near the most elevated point on the 
road between Baltimore and York, and is being rapidly improved. It connects with our 
City by means of ,a horse railway, and the completion of a steam railroad now in process 
of construction will bring the town within a few minutes ride of Baltimore. 

Govanstown, located on the same road, about midway between Baltimore and Towson- 
town, is a flourishing village, and has of late increased longitudinally to such an extent as 
to render it difiicult to flx accurately its boundaries, in fact, the York road from Baltimore 
^ to within a short distance of Towsontown is a continuous street, lined on either side with 
houses. The adjacent lands are in many instances laid ofl" in town lots, with broad 
avenues and thoroughfares, awaiting only the touch of capital to turn them into thriving 
towns and cities. 

Pikesville, about seven miles from the City, on the Reisterstown road, is a beautifal 
village, and notable as the location of the United States Arsenal, established prior to the 



82 



The Monumental City, 



war of 1812. There are many other towns and villages in the immediate vicinity of Bal- 
timore in addition to those mentioned above, which are destined to great development in 
the near future, and which will add vastly to the importance of the City. 

The growing tendency on the part of merchants and business men to reside in the 
country during the summer months, or to make their homes permanently in those towns 
within easy communication of the City, has assisted wonderfully in the development of 
the district contiguous to Baltimore, and it is estimated that the population of these towns 
will aggregate at least fifty thousand at the present moment, with a ratio of increase 
which leaves it matter of easy conjecture what the number of inhabitants will be in a 
few years. 

"When the early settlers of Maryland founded the town of Baltimore they little supposed 
it was destined to become one of the leading ports of entry on the Atlantic coast. Its 
inland position, almost at the head of navigation, seemed to be an effectual barrier against 




foreign commerce, which it was thought would seek those cities lying more immediately 
along the Atlantic. The location of Baltimore however conduced more perhaps than any 
other cause to her advancement in this regard. In addition to the safe and commodious 
harbor furnished to shipping, freight was brought that much nearer to the interior by water, 
the cheapest mode of conveyance. 

The introduction of steam as a motive power on water led to the construction of vessels 
of much heavier draught than were used in the old merchant service, and our shippers 
had to contend against a real bugbear in the shape of a defective channel. The channel 
of the Patapsco was neither deep enough nor sufiBciently wide for the safe passage of first- 
class steamers when heavily laden. Fifteen years ago the attention both of our own 
citizens and the national authorities was attracted to this difficulty and lukewarm and 
desultory measures undertaken for its removal. From time to time small sums were 
appropriated by Congress and the city, and an officer of engineers in the United States 
Army was assigned to this post, for the purpose of deepening the channel. But little pro- 
gress was made in the work until 1871, when the advent of several lines of foreign steamers 



Its Past History an"© Present Resources. 83 

awakened both the community and the general Government to the paramount import- 
ance of securing to the rapidly increasing foreign trade of the city easy access. 

The City appropriated $200,000 for the improvement of the harbor and the national 
legislature $40,000 additional. Congress, in 1872, supplemented its appropriation vs^ith 
another of $100,000, and at the session of 1873 voted an additional $200,000, which the 
municipal authorities of Baltimore gi'acefully acknowledged by voting a similar amount 
for the same purpose. Since 1871 the work upon the channel has progressed rapidly 
under the direction of Colonel Craighill, of the United States Army. The money in hand 
at present amounts to $450,000, a sum amply sufficient for the completion of the improve- 
ment. It is proposed to clear the channel to a depth of 244- feet at low tide, and to give it 
an uniform width of 300 feet. It will be finished in 1874, and the harbor of Baltimore 
will possess a channel equal in all respects to the best approaches to ports of entry in this 
country, and will be accessible for the largest vessels employed in the merchant marine of 
any nation on the globe. 

Baltimore, like other cities, has had its periods of misrule, when anarchy usurped the 
place of order, and the lowest, most disrepu.table elements of the community rose to the 
surface, and for a time defied the honest efforts of law-abiding citizens. Such a state of 
affairs undoubtedly existed during the years 1858, 1859 and 1860. The Roughs obtained 
control of the City and inaugurated a reign of terror similar to that which at present 
disgraces one of the largest cities in the country. This saturnalia of rowdyism was. short- 
lived. Good citizens, irrespective of party, combined for the protection of society, and 
during the winter of 1860 the State Legislature enacted the famous "Metropolitan Police 
Bill." The Police Fokoe was organized in accordance with its provisions on the 7th of 
May of the same year. The features of the bill were simple. Its main characteristic was 
the separation of the local government and that organization which must be manipulated 
with impartiality to make it honest and efficient. Its workings were magical. 

The transition from a state of rowdyism to perfect order was instantaneous. The Bowie- 
knife and the Bludgeon were laid aside, and the law suffered to interpose its protecting 
arms for the good of the community. The Roughs either abandoned their infamous mode 
of living, or betook themselves to other cities. 

From this period onward, with a brief interruption during the continuance of the civil 
war, Baltimore has been emphatically an order loving city. With little modification, and 
that of a serviceable nature, the Police System of 1860 is at present in operation, and our 
City can challenge comparison with any other in the country for the security of the lives, 
liberties and property of her citizens. 

The perfect order preserved in every portion of this great metropolis is really a subject 
for admiration, when taken in connection with the numerical force by which it is accom- 
plished. As at present constituted, the organization consists of three Commissioners, styled 
the Board of Police, a Marshal, Deputy Marshal, 4 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 43 Sergeants 
and 489 men. The officers are appointed by th^ Commissioners, and are usually selected 
from among the men for meritorious conduct. No man is placed upon the Force because 
of his political opinions, or for any other reason than general efficiency ; nor are any dis- 
missed therefrom, save for misconduct, demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Board. 
While the duties of the police of Baltimore are more numerous and onerous than those of 
the same class in other cities, their numerical strength is much smaller than that of similar 
organizations in any of the cities of America of approximate size or importance. We 
have dwelt at some length upon the merits of our Police System, because they have been 
freely recognized by all classes in the community regardless of political affiliation. 

Baltimore was among the first cities in America to avail herself of the great improve- 
ments in the apparatus for subduing fires. In 1858, the old volunteer Fire Department, 
6 



84 



The Monumental Citt, 



witli its hand engines and internal dissensions, was abolished and an organization formed 
under the pay and control of the City. The new Department was furnished with 
improved Steam Fire Engines, and it very soon demonstrated both the superiority of the 
system and the utility of steam as a means of overcoming conflagrations. Since that time 
the Department has been strengthened and enlarged. Under the management of a Board 
of Commissioners, selected from our most estimable citizens, and whose services are given 
to the city gratuitously, it has become the most perfect organization in the country, a 
subject of pride to Baltimoreans and of admiration to visitors from other cities. 

The apparatus of the Department consists at this time of ten engines in service, and two 
reserve engines, with the necessary hose- carriages, and three hook and ladder trucks. The 
entire force numbers one hundred and sixty men. Since the institution of the Steam Fire 
Department there have been but few fires of magnitude in our City. Indeed, Baltimore 
has enjoyed an exemption from the ravages of this terrible scourge that cannot be altoge- 
ther attributed to the efficiency of the Fire Department, ably managed as it undoubtedly 
is, and a further reason for which may be found in the construction of the city, the broad 
streets and well-built houses. 

As an exhibit both of the usefulness of the Department and the marked immunity of the 
City from fires, we append the following table, giving the number of fires, losses, number 
of Companies, and expenses of Departments in seven of the leading cities of the United 
States, from November 1st, 1871, to October 31st, 1872 : 



City. 


No. 

FlKES 


Loss. 


No. 
Companies. 


Expense of 
Department. 


New York 


1,647 
523 
489 
549 
213 
300 
172 


$2,725,000 
1,275,000 
973,000 
704,000 
453,000 
1,411,000 
300,000 


52 

27 
26 
38 
23 
25 
13 


11,000,000 
250,000 
328,000 
331,000 
281,000 
180,000 
145,672 


Philadelphia 


Chicago 


Boston 


Cincinnati 


San Francisco 


Baltimore 





Of course the losses by the great fire in Boston have been omitted in the above estimate. 
It will be seen from this table that Baltimore, with a Department scarcely half the size of 
the smallest of these cities, has suffered a loss by fire of $300,000, a sum less by $153,000 
than that acknowledged by the most fortunate of those enumerated. 

The "Water-Supplt has already become a question of paramount importance in large 
cities. Those along the Atlantic coast are prone to pride themselves upon the efi'orts they 
have made in this regard, and not without reason, though it may be doubted whether any 
of the works established in modern times would compare in magnitude and completeness 
with some of the magnificent structures of the ancients, the remains of which are still in 
existence. The Croton Aqueduct in New York and the Fairmount "Water-works in Phil- 
adelphia, are monuments of modern engineering skill, and constitute exceedingly attrac- 
tive features of the cities to which they respectively belong. 

The attention of our citizens was directed many years ago to the necessity of securing 
an abundant supply of Water, and in 1804 the old Water Company was established. This 
corporation served its purpose for a number of years, but in 1854, the rapid development 
of Baltimore made it evident that this source of supply could not much longer be relied 
upon, accordingly the City bought out the Company, and in 1858 commenced the construc- 
tion of the works which now supply the inhabitants. An exquisitely beautiful artificial 
lake, with a capacity of 500,000,000 gallons, known as Lake Roland, was formed at the 
Relay House, the intersection of the Western Maryland and Northern Central Railroads, 



Its Past Histoey and Present Resources. 85 

about eight miles from Baltimore. Hampden Eesorvoir, a smaller basin constructed near 
the village of Hampden, with a capacity of 50,000,000 gallons, and Mount Eoyal Reservoir, 
on North Avenue, with a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons, both of the latter supplied by 
means of an aqueduct from Lake Roland, were considered amply sufacient for the 
requirements of the City for years to come. Subsequently Druid Lake, with a capacity 
of 493,000,000 gallons was formed in Druid Hill Park, more with a view to ornamentation 
and as a storage reservoir, than with any actual expectation that the increasing needs of the 
City would require its services during the lives of its projectors. 

Twenty years had scarcely elapsed after the commencement of these works ere the City 
Fathers were admonished, by the rapid increase in population and the equally speedy 
multiplication of industries requiring the free use of water, that the demand would soon 
exceed the supply, and a plan is now matured by which an unlimited quantity of this 
indispensable element will be brought into the City from the Gunpowder River, a stream 
of fresh and pure water, which passes through the centre of Baltimore County, and 
empties into the Chesapeake Bay. This great undertaking cannot be completed for at least 
three years, and in the meantime a temporary method has been devised by which the 
immediate wants of the City will be abundantly supplied. When finished, the Gunpow- 
der Water-works will exceed any similar enterprize in this country, and perhaps in 
Europe. A conduit through which may be passed 170,000,000 gallons of water daily, 
will convey the supply from the Gunpowder to the City, a distance of about eight miles. 
The elevation of the water above tide will be 163 feet, sufficient for present necessities or 
for any likely to occur in the future of our City 

It has been said with truth that its Pakks and Squares are the lungs of a city. Balti- 
more is bountifully provided with these adjuncts to healthfulness. Druid Hill Park, in 
the northwestern portion of the City, contains seven hundred acres of land, and for varied 
natural scenery is perhaps unequalled in this country. 

For more than a century and a half prior to its purchase by the city, the Park was the 
homestead of a Maryland family. Some older member of the house had displayed exqui- 
site taste in the preparation of the grounds, and succeeding generations had the good sense 
to perpetuate his ideas with simply a touch here and there to heal the blows of time and 
preserve the design in its original puritj'-. 

During the year 1860 the City obtained possession of Druid Hill, at a cost of $500,000, 
and since then it has been enlarged by purchases of contiguous tracts of land. Its man- 
agement as a Park has been characterized by wisdom and enlightened policy. Immedi- 
ately after its acquisition by the City it was placed under the government of a Commission 
consisting of a number of gentlemen of intelligence and high standing in the community, 
selected because of their peculiar fitness for the undertaking. This Commission, with 
enlarged powers, has been continued to the present time. The main efibrt appears to 
have been to preserve, as far as possible, the natural beauties of Druid Hill, and only to 
interpose art when needed by the poverty of the landscape or the wants of the City. In 
this the Commission has been eminently successful. 

A broad expanse of land is spread out before the spectator, rolling in great waves of 
verdure, forming at some points gentle undulations intertwined with pretty little glens, 
and at others rising in terraces, one above another, until lofty hills disclose the City, the 
river, the bay, and the territory of Maryland as far as the eye can reach. Majestic 
primeval forest trees, hickory, oak, chesnut, and walnut, of immense size, are succeeded by 
impenetrable thickets where the greenbrier and the laurel strive for the mastery. Spread- 
ing groves invite the citizen, weary and worn with the turmoil of busy life, and joyous 
fountains gush forth at his feet to moisten the parched lips or cool the heated brow. 
Pleasure boats play over the silvery bosom of the lake, and swan move gracefully through 
the waters of the numerous natural basins which intersperse the grounds, while fallow 
deer in groups roam through the woods and groves. Beautiful drives traverse the Park 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 



87 



in every direction, many of them adorned with antique vases filled with flowers and 
covered with creeping vines, and rustic retreats are so judiciously distributed as often to 
beguile the visitor with their perfect semblance to nature. 

Nor has the Commission been unmindful of the convenience of those whose modest 
means forbid the use of showy equipages. Walks, with the truest regard to taste, 
have been arranged through the grounds, and the valetudinarian, when once the Park is 
reached, may fairly revel in the ever changing pictures and invigorating atmosphere he is 
permitted to enjoy through the foresight of the City's former guardians. 

Druid Hill is at present the most beautiful Park in America, and with the ample revenue 
derived from the tax on City Passenger Railways, it is impossible to fix any limit to its 
improvement in the future. The influence of the Park upon adjacent property has been 
wonderful. Its value has been greatly enhanced, streets have been opened, avenues created, 
long lines of elegant and costly residences have been built, and the time is probably not 




EDMOND'S WELL— ORUID HILL PARK. 

remote, when the Park will form a centre around which will cluster the fashion and 
wealth of the City of Baltimore. 

Seventeen acres have been set apart within the enclosure for the erection of a Botanical 
Oarden. A Conservatory 300 feet long and 30 feet high is about to be erected, and a Nursery 
■established for the purpose of supplying the other Parks and Public Squares with trees. 
The Botanical Gardens will be enlarged to forty acres as soon as circumstances will permit, 
and a Zoological Department added, which will contribute much to the attractiveness of 
this truly beautiful spot. The project was originated by the Maryland Academy of 
Sciences, but will be under the supervision and control of the Park Commission. 

Patterson Park, in the eastern section of the City, contains 76 acres of land. Already 
it has been handsomely adorned, and the contemplated improvements will make it a 
delightful place of resort for the citizens of this portion of our City. Prom any part of 
the grounds a magnificent view can be obtained of the harbor and Chesapeake Bay, and 
the neighboring counties of Baltimore and Anne Arundel. 



88 The Monumektal City, 

In addition to ttie Parks, Baltimore has a number of Public Squares judiciously 
distributed in different portions of the City. In the western section are Union Square, 
Franklin Square and Harlem Square ; in the north-west, La Fayette Square ; in the cen- 
tre. Monument Square and the City Spring ; in the north-east, Madison Square; in the 
east, Jackson Square, and the eastern City Spring, and in the south, Battery Square. With 
the exception of Monument Square, they are all sodded down with turf and beautifully 
decorated with shade trees, forming reservoirs of health for the citizens enervated by the 
fierce heat of summer and unable to betake themselves to the fashionable places of resort. 

It is proposed to establish another Park in the southern section of the City, with Battery 
Square as a nucleus. This Square is located in the immediate vicinity of the middle 
branch of the Patapsco, and when its limits are extended so as .to embrace the intervening 
property, it will become, because of its water view, one of the most attractive spots in the 
City. 




FOREST TREES— DRUID HILL PARK. 

From the Parks of Baltimore to her Cemeteries is a natural transition. Tender love 
for the memory of the dead is a distinctive feature of some nationalities. With the French 
it is a passion. Poets, Warriors, Statesmen and Philosophers, severed in lile, are all brought 
together within the narrow confines of Pere La Chaise. The tomb of Abelard and 
Eloise blooms perennially with fresh flowers, while the immortelles never die on the graves 
of such men as Ney, Moliere, and a host of others. 

Though Americans do not exhibit the intense pathos displayed by the French, Mount 
Auburn, Greenwood, Laurel Hill, Greenmount and Bona Ventura, all Cemeteries on the 
Atlantic coast bear ample testimony to the care displayed by the American people for the 
repose of their dead. Greenmount Cemetery, formerly the country seat of a citizen, is 
situated on the York road, just within the City limits. It contains about sixty acres of 



Its Past History and Peesent Kesources. 



89 



land, handsomely embellished. Its natural beauty is very great. The land is rolling in 
character and very thickly studded with shade trees and evergreens. The hand of the 
landscape gardener has added much to its attractions. It is intersected by graceful avenues 
and promenades, and many of the memorials to the departed, so beautifully distributed 
within the enclosure, evidence taste and a high order of merit in the artist, among which 
may be mentioned the bronze statue of a female, sprinkling flowers upon a tomb, and 
several other pieces of statuary by Rinehart, a native of the State. 

At an elevated point in Greenmount a monument has been erected by the City of Bal- 
timore, to the memory of John McDonogh. A massive granite base supports a marble 
pedestal which is surmounted by a statue of the great philanthropist. 

This city of the dead is often visited by our citizens, both because of its exquisite beauty 
and the tender associations which cluster about its "quiet places," and the flowers and 




SILVER LAKE— DRUID HILL PARK. 

freshly planted evergreens upon many of the mounds are an assurance that those who are 
gone are not so soon forgotten. In addition to the above, there are a number of Cemeteries 
in and around our City, some extending over a greater area than Greenmount, and several 
highly ornamented and possessing considerable natural attractiveness. 

Upon opening this volume the reader will find a very comprehensive Map of Baltimore 
and its environs. The present boundaries of the city are clearly indicated, as also those 
portions lying beyond the corporate limits, together with the straggling villages located 
within one and a half miles of the City proper. By reference to the Map it will be seen 
that much of what sTiouU constitute the City of Baltimore lies in the county. The City 
itself covers an area of but 10,000 acres. The boundaries established in 1816 by legislative 
enactment have never been changed. Efforts, oft repeated, have been made by our citizens 
but for reasons presently stated the enlargement of the City limits has been. deferred until 



90 The Monumental City, 

hope has well nigh sickened and died. The census of 1870 places the population of 
the City proper at 267,354. The unfairness of this estimate, not to characterize it 
by a harsher term, is glaring to every resident of Baltimore, and its palpable absurdity 
would provoke a smile were it not so serious in its consequences to the welfare of our 
City and State. A subsequent enumeration under the direction of the City government, 
hurried in its character, and hence liable to many errors against the City, made the popu- 
lation of Baltimore 283,375. We must not be understood as accepting either of these sets 
of figures as a correct exhibit of our numerical strength ; on the contrary a census taken 
by a thoroughly reliable citizen of Baltimore, and taken under circumstances from which 
accuracy may be reasonably inferred, has placed the population far beyond either of 
these enumerations. But assuming 288,375, the number ascertained by the muni- 
cipal authorities, as the population of Baltimore in 1870, that portion of the City 
which lies outside of the corporate limits, and which probably will soon be brought 
under the control of the corporation, would have swelled the number of inhabitants to 
350,000, and would have made Baltimore in this respect the fourth city in the United States. 

That the extension of the City limits cannot be much longer delayed is apparent to the 
opponents as well as to the friends of the measure. Baltimore County has heretofore 
claimed, and with some show of reason, that by wresting from her this large and valuable 
slice of her domain, the City will so diminish the basis of taxation as to embarrass the 
county government. The City on the other hand desires room for expansion, and the 
people who live on the debateable ground are crying out for the protection and benefits 
that will accrue to them from annexation. The requirements of our rapidly increasing 
population and the advantages which the middle and poorer classes, residing on the out- 
skirts of Baltimore, will reap from the enlargement of her boundaries, constant supplies of 
gas, water and the like, with the security afforded by a well regulated police force, must 
in a brief space override any minor considerations. 

The people of the county feel that the blow is inevitable, and already many are favoring 
the annexation of Baltimore County in its entirety in imitation of the example set by 
Philadelphia and New York, while others are beginning to realize that the decrease in the 
revenues of the county would be temporary, as the prosperity of Baltimore must eventually 
inure to the advantage of the tenitory which surrounds her. 

The enlargement of the City limits once determined, the aegis of the municipal govern- 
ment extended over this region would produce that feeling of security which is certainly 
lacking now, and which would lead mechanics and operatives to lease lots and erect for 
their families houses where their close proximity to the agricultural districts would insure 
the very cheapest rates of living. The intermediate spaces between Baltimore and the 
towns within the circle of expansion would rapidly fill up with a thrifty population, while 
satellites would multiply about the parent city. 

This has been the experience of all great cities in the past, and, when similar influences 
are working with ten-fold force in our midst, can we doubt that the analogy will be com- 
plete? 

In concluding an article which has for its object the exposition of the resources of Balti- 
more, it may be well to summarize the forces that have ministered to her importance. 
The great natural necessities in these days of steam-power are iron and fuel ; iron to be 
worked into the multitudinous forms of which it is susceptible, and which the ingenuity 
of man has discovered, and fuel to supply the motive-power for its manipulation. Wood 
in this country, where it was supposed it would be abundant for many generations, is 
actually becoming a scarce commodity before one hundred years of the national life have 
transpired, and in some places the system, so long in vogue in Great Britain and on the 
continent of Europe, the plan of setting out groves of trees as a farmer would a crop of 
corn, has already been adopted. 



Its Past History ais-d Present Eesources. 91 

A substitute, under the circumstances, becomes a matter of the first importance, and 
wberever this can be found, trade and commerce will necessarily gravitate towards that 
point rather than to a locality unfortunately bereft of this wonderful auxiliary in the 
the march of Progress. 

Baltimore is absolutely independent of her sister cities in these respects. The bituminous 
coal beds of Alleghany, West Virginia and portions of Pennsylvania have been barely 
opened ; in fact, several of those in the vicinity of Cumberland have never been tapped, 
and, though it is known that the supply is vast beyond computation, its real richness is 
as yet only conjectural. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a mammoth corporation, and the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal, almost equally extensive in its operations, with their combined strength have 
been utterly unable to develop these beds of wealth beyond the threshold, and two more 
railroads are now projected for the purpose of bringing the coals to our city. In addition, 
the various species of this mineral, such as gas, cannel and anthracite coal, are supplied 
by the numerous roads leading to Baltimore, in unlimited quantities. Iron is so plenti- 
fully imbedded in the soil of Maryland as almost to constitute the State a great bed of this 
ore. In Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, How- 
ard, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, Washington and Worcester Counties the beds of ore, 
inexhaustible and of the finest description, are being worked with profit to their owners 
and to the rapid advancement of our City, into whose lap the most of this metal is poured. 
Besides the coal and iron of Alleghany, lime stone, sand stone, hydraulic cement, and 
wonderful water- powers abound, and the city of Cumberland, the county seat, is rapidly 
becoming the centre of a very important trade, the enterprise of her citizens expediting 
this result and exhibiting an example that might be followed with a happy issue by others. 
Anne Arundel County, in addition to the supply of iron ore, possesses a wide stretch 
of fertile territory where tobacco and grain are grown in large quantities, and truck- 
gardens are located sufiicient in themselves to supply the demand in Baltimore for fresh 
and wholesome vegetables. Annapolis, the county seat, and capital of the State, is one 
of the oldest cities in America, and notable as being the place where the illustrious 
Washington resigned his sword after the completion of his labors in the War of Indepen- 
dence, and as still possessing the building (State House) in which the deed was done, and 
where Congress met immediately after the same war. This city is remarkable also as 
having produced a number of the most distinguished lawyers that have ever graced the 
Bar in this country. 

Baltimore County, in addition to her great beds of iron ore, has fine water-powers, and 
is noted for her extensive milling operations, carpet, cotton and woollen factories, furnaces, 
foundries, paper and flouring mills. The finest and strongest cotton-duck and flour equal 
to any manufactured in the world are made here. This county contains also valuable 
copper mines and chrome ore, a large proportion of the latter article used in the State 
being obtained from Baltimore County. Exhaustless quarries of marble, lime stone and 
building stone are found here, from the latter of which gneiss and granite are taken in 
large quantities. 

Calvert County produces the best tobacco grown in the State, as well as boundless 
supplies of fish, oysters and wild fowl, and tripoli is found in many localities. 

Caroline County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, is celebrated for its fine peaches 
and fruits of all descriptions, and this remark will apply with equal force to Dorchester, 
Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico and Worcester, all located on the same 
side of the Chesapeake. Their mild climate, rich soil and proximity to the Bay and 
Ocean enable them to produce the earliest and most superior fruits and vegetables, which 
are sent in large quantities to the Northern cities, where they find a ready sale at fancy 
prices. Large supplies of shell-marl, green sand and marl are found in this section, the 
latter furnishing an excellent manure, by means of which the strength of the land can be 
regularly renewed. 



92 The Monumental City, 

Carroll County possesses first-class water-powers, cotton and woollen factories, mer- 
chant and paper mills, also a great number of tanneries, copper mines and extensive 
quarries of granite, marble, lime stone, soap stone and slate. 

Cecil County has quarries of granite and soap stone, the most valuable chrome mines in 
the world, clay for fire-bricks, fine water-powers, great shad and herring fisheries, kaolin 
or porcelain clay, and a tremendous trade at Port Deposit, on the Susquehanna river, in 
lumber and logs. 

Frederick County has an abundance of water-power, a large number of mills, tanneries 
and various domestic manufactures, quarries of lime stone and slate, copper mines, a 
species of stone similar to Italian marble, and a quarry resembling verde-antique, together 
with marble of variegated colors, the light and dark red prevailing. Frederick City, the 
county seat, is a large and thriving town, with an intelligent and energetic population. 
Harford County contains extensive water-power, furnaces, factories, foundries, flour 
mills, quarries of building stone, gneiss or granite, iron ore and valuable chrome beds, 
quarries of slate and kaolin or porcelain clay. 

Howard County has factories, mills, furnaces, quarries of lime stone, also a stone that 
resembles very much Quincy granite, and Porphyritic granite. 

Montgomery County possesses quarries of sand stone and marble, excellent roofing slate, 
other building stone, also chrome ore and fine water-powers. 

Prince George's County, in addition to iron ore, sulphuret of iron, bole, tripoli and large 
shad and herring fisheries, produces the largest quantity of tobacco grown by any single 
county in the United States, and contains large cotton factories. 

Saint Mary's County is the oldest in the State, and the first government of the Province 
had its seat there for many years. Marl is abundant and tobacco the principal crop. 

Washington County produces lime stone, slate of a very superior quality, emery or 
corundum, and is a great grain growing section of the State, containing extensive flour- 
ing mills. Hagerstown, the county seat, is a prosperous and growing city. ^ 

Of course the resources of the counties would advance but little the interests of Balti- 
more City were there not convenient methods of reaching them. Let us see what they 
are. Through Baltimore County the lines of four extensive railroad corporations already 
pass at such favorable distances that nearly all the wealth to which we have just alluded 
' may be poured into our City in quantities to suit the demand of the market. Shorter lines 
of railroad stretch their arms into the richest portions of her territory in all directions, 
while county roads of the first excellence oflFer the strongest inducements to producers. 
Another very useful railroad, the Maryland Central, is about to be put under contract. 
It will pass through the most fertile sections of Baltimore and Harford Counties, fixing its 
terminus at the Pennsylvania line. The northwestern tier of counties, Montgomery, 
Frederick, Washington and Alleghany are pierced in all directions by the Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroad and its branches, and bounded on the south by the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Canal, while Carroll, Frederick and Washington Counties are almost bisected by the West- 
ern Maryland Railroad. Harford and Cecil are crossed by the Philadelphia, Wilnaington 
and Baltimore Railroad, and the latter is intersected at various points by the Philadelphia 
and Baltimore Central Railroad, and the Columbia and Port Deposit Railroad. 

The Baltimore and Ohio, and its branches, pass through Howard County in several 
places. This County is also tapped by a number of short lines. 

The lower tier of counties on the Western Shore consisting of Prince George's, Anne 
Arundel, Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's, much the larger portions of which have been 
heretofore without railroad communication with Baltimore, are about to be abundantly 
supplied. Already the Baltimore and Ohio through its branches strikes Anne Arundel 
and Prince George's, and brings the former into easy communication with our City by 

•Note.— The author desires to express his obligations for facts relating to the Counties to a volume entitled 
"The Atlas of Maryland, District of Columbia, and the United States," by S. J. Martenet^ H. F. Walling and 
0. W. Gray. G. W. H. 



Its Past Histoky and Peesent Eesources. 93 

means of the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad, while the Baltimore and Potomac Rail- 
road passes directly through Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Charles to the Potomac 
River. The Drum Point Railroad, at present under contract, bisects Anne Arundel and 
Calvert through their entire length and strikes the Patuxent at its mouth. The "Washing- 
ton City and Point Lookout Railroad, which is also under contract, will run from 
Washington City down through Prince George's, Charles and St. Mary's to Point Lookout, 
the extreme southern end of the Peninsula and intersecting the Baltimore and Potomac 
at a point in Prince George's, will bring the produce of these counties directly to Balti- 
more. Already the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad connects with the great Union Rail- 
road, a road incorporated to unite all the lines of Railway running into Baltimore, and 
arrangements are now being perfected by which the Drum Point Railroad will leave its 
terminus at Brooklyn, on the Patapsco, and passing round the City, will enter the same 
road at the tunnel. 

It must also be borne in mind that these lower counties are intersected in all directions 
by navigable rivers and streams which furnish by far the cheapest mode of transportation. 

We have reserved the Eastern Shore Counties until the last. They have never hereto- 
fore had railroad communication with our City save by long and circuitous routes which 
were practically, barriers to commercial intercourse, and the Bay and its tributaries have 
been relied upon as a means for securing the produce of that wealthy section of Maryland. 
Much of the valuable traffic which should have found its way to Baltimore, the great 
metropolis of the State, was on this account diverted to Philadelphia by the extensive 
railroad connections with that city through Delaware. The surface of the land on the East- 
ern Shore is admirably adapted to railroad construction, and unusual energy has been dis- 
played in the location of those wonderful adjuncts to civilization. Besides the great facili- 
ties they possess for water communication, each county can boast its railroad, all of which 
connect with the Delaware Railroad, which meets the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Bal- 
timore Railroad, 71 miles from Baltimore and 28 miles from Philadelphia, thus naturally 
urging trade to the latter city. 

All this is about to be changed and by a means so simple as to cause amazement that 
the project has never been seriously entertained before. The Baltimore, Chesapeake and 
Delaware Bay Railroad Company has been organized and the money necessary for the 
construction of the road subscribed. It is to be built from Love Point, the northern 
extremity of Kent Island, on the Chesapeake Bay, (18 miles from Baltimore) immediately 
across the Eastern Shore, through the counties of Queen Anne's and Caroline, to Harrington 
in Delaware, a distance of 40 miles, where it connects with the Delaware and the Junction 
and Breakwater Railroads. The connection with the latter road unites by an air-line the 
Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The results to Baltimore will be, first, communication 
with New York by the cheapest and pleasantest route yet projected, the Company having 
contracted with the Lorillard Steamship Company to take freight and passengers from 
the Delaware Breakwater to New York immediately upon the arrival of the train, while 
several Baltimore corporations are at present striving to secure the contract for their con- 
veyance between Baltimore and the railroad depot at Love Point on the Eastern Shore of 
the Chesapeake. This will constitute during much the larger portion of the year the most 
agreeable line of travel between Baltimore and New York, and by all odds the cheapest 
route for freight at all seasons. There will be but one change on the line, as the cars will 
be carried across the Chesapeake on very heavy steamers. But this is the least of the 
advantages likely to accrue to Baltimore from the building of this railroad. It will run 
within a stone's throw of Queenstown, the western terminus of the Queen Anne's and 
Kent Railroad, with which, of course, connection will be made and which intersects the 
Kent County Railroad at Massey's Junction. It will intersect the Maryland and Dela- 
ware Railroad at Hillsborough, and thus the productions of Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot 
and Caroline, will be immediately diverted to Baltimore. At Harrington, it will tap the 



94 The Monumental City, Its Past Histoet, Etc. 

Delaware Railroad, the real main -stem of all the railroads south of that point, and thus 
the productions of Dorchester County, through the Dorchester and Delaware Railroad ; 
of Wicomico, through the Delaware and the Wicomico and Pocomoke Railroads ; of 
Worcester through the latter and the Worcester Railroad, and of Somerset through the 
Eastern Shore Railroad, will all be poured into Baltimore, while much of the produce of 
Delaware will follow the same channel ; trade always chosing for itself the most natural 
and expeditious routes. It will thus be seen that through this little railroad only forty 
miles in length, and which will be constructed at comparatively insignificant cost, all the 
trade of the purely Eastern Shore Counties, and much of the State of Delaware, will be 
attracted to our City, the route to Baltimore being shorter by one half than that which now 
draws a large portion of this trade to Philadelphia. 

It is proposed to construct another line of railroad between this City and New York. 
The New Jersey Southern Railroad, which has recently changed hands it is said, proposes 
to build a road across the Delaware River, somewhere in the neighborhood of Fort Penn, 
which will strike the Delaware Railroad at Townsend, and from thence using the Town- 
send Branch Railroad, and the Kent County Railroad, will reach a point on the Chesapeake 
Bay near Rock Hall. Here passengers and freight will be shipped direct to Baltimore in 
steamers constructed for the purpose. 

If carried out, this route will prove as effectual in diverting to Baltimore the trade of the 
Eastern Shore and Delaware as the road mentioned above. 

The City by its admirable location, situated in the very heart of the country, at the 
head of a bay which is superior to the ocean because of the protection it affords to ship- 
ping, gives access to a broad reach of territory on either side, from which stores can be 
drained by water communication, and the receipts of our foreign and domestic commerce 
distributed at the smallest possible cost to producers. 

The great grain fields of the far West are made tributary to her through gigantic lines 
-of railway ; the Valley of Virginia, teeming with cereals, mineral wealth and forests of 
inestimable value, through the same source pours into the City its varied productions ; the 
South, with its inexhaustible resources, lumber, cotton, rice, tar, pitch, turpentine, rosin 
and tobacco is linked with her by splendid lines of steamers; competing railroad corpora- 
tions are already struggling for the mastery in their efforts to empty into her lap the 
riches of the Central West, and the great Mississippi Valley ; her enterprising merchants, 
business men and railroad companies have established, in connection with foreign corpo- 
rations, magnificent lines of steamers which connect the City with the prominent ports of 
Europe, and the cheapness of these modes of communication are being practically demon- 
strated to the satisfaction of the South and West; her inner attractions, her beautiful 
parks, public squares, refined society, handsome and well ventilated thoroughfares, the 
high moral tone of her citizens, healthfulness, cheapness of living within her limits, her 
institutions, and the hospitality which has distinguished her in every period of her history, 
her iron works, cotton factories, sugar refineries, machine shops, glass works, flour naiUs, 
and her other great and important interests, have all been elaborated with care in the 
progress of this volume. 

To predicate the future of Baltimore, with such a combination of resources as a basis, 
requires neither the use of isothermal lines, nor analytic deduction extending through 
long cycles of ages. Theories may be true and useful, but facts are stubborn and indis- 
putable. The future of Baltimore depends upon but one hypothesis. The elements of 
her present and prospective greatness stare us in the face and need only utilization by a 
proportionate amount of energy on the part of our people to realize a prosperity scarcely 
exampled in the history of the world. 



THE BUSINESS INTERESTS OF BALTIMORE. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 

Hon. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D., Provost. 




FACULTY 



NATHAN R. SMITH, M. D. 
Emeritus Professor of Surgery and, President 

of the Faculty. 
WILLIAM E. A. AIKIN, M. D., LL. D. 

Professor of Chemistry and Pha/rmacy. 

GEORGE W. MILTENBERGER, M. D. 

Professor of Obstetrics. 

RICHARD McSHERRY, M. D. 

Prof, of Principles and Practice of Medicine. 

CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. D. 

Professor of Surgery. 

FRANK DONALDSON, M. D. 

Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, and 

Clinical Professor of Diseases of the 

Throat, Lungs and Heart. 



SAMUEL C. CHEW, M. D. 
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeu- 
tics, and Clinical Medicine. 
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D. 
Professor of Diseases of Women and Children 
and Clinical Medicine. 
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M. D. 
Professor of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear. 

FRANCIS T. MILES, M. D. 
Professor of Anatomy, and Clinical Profes- 
sor of Diseases of the Nervous System. 
ALAN P. SMITH, M. D. 
Professor of Operative Surgery. 
L. McLANE TIFFANY, M. D. 
Demonstrator of Anatomy. 



The regular course of Lectures commences on the Ist of October, and terminates on the last day of February. 

For further information apply to any member of the Faculty for an annual Circular. 

NoTB.— See pages 74, 75 and 76 for further information in regard to the University of Maryland. 



96 



The Monumental City, 



THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. 

SCHOOLOF MEDICINE. 

BALTIMOEE, MD. 

ANNOUNCEMENT. 

The Winter Session begins on the 1st of October, and terminates on the 22d of February. 
The Summer Session begins on the 2d Monday in March, and continues four months. 

FEES, STATUTES, &c.— Full course of Lectures, including Dissection and Hospital 
Tickets, $65.00. Matriculation Fee (paid but once), $5.00. Graduation Fee, $20.00. All 
fees, except the graduation, must be paid at the beginning of the session. 



F.A.CTJLT-Z'. 



JOSEPH E. CLAGETT, M. D., 

Professor of Obstetrics. 
JOHN F. MONMONIER, M. D., 

Professor of Physiology. 
MARTIN P. SCOTT, M. D., 

Professor of the Diseases of Women. 
CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, M. D., 
Professor of Surgery. 

For further information or circulars, address. 



JAS. E. LINDSAY, M. D., 

Professor of Chemistry. 
A. B. ARNOLD, M. D., 

Professor of Practice of Medicine. 
J. S. CONRAD, M. D., 

Professor of Materia Medica. 
H. B. TRIST, M. D., 

Professor of Anatomy. 



Prof, CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, M. D., 

DEAN OF THE FACULTY. 




INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, 

(Wm. F. Webeb, Archt.) 
FRKDERICK CITY, MD. 



Architect, 

CoE. Charles and Lexington Sts., Baltimore. 




Its Past Histoet and Peesent Eesoueoes. 97. 

BAiaTinaoRz: 

No. 2 NORTH GREENE STREET. 

The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the oldest Dental College in the world, was 
incorporated by an act of the Legislature of the State of Maryland in the year 1839. 

Six hundred and sixty-four students have had conferred upon them the degree of 
"Doctor of Dental Surgery" by this institution since its organization, and its diploma is 
recognized in all civilized countries as a testimonial of proficiency in the science of Den- 
tistry. 

The majority of the eminent practitioners of Dentistry in Europe are graduates ot this 
College, and there are but few Dental Colleges in this country in whose Faculties are not 
found graduates of the Baltimore College. 



ACULTY. 

PHILIP H. AUSTEN, A. M., M. D., D. D. S. 

Professor of Dental Science and Mechanism, 

FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, A. M., M. D., D. D, S. 

Professor of Dental Surgery and Therapeutics. 

HENRY REGINAL NOEL, M. D. 

Professor of Physiology and Pathology. 

E. LLOYD HOWARD, A. M., M. D. 

Professor of Anatomy. 

M. J. DeROSSET, a. M., M. D. 

Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica. 

JAMES H. HARRIS, M. D., D. D. S. 

Professor of Clinical Dentistry. 

WILLIAM FARMER, M. D., D. D. S. 

Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry. 

B. M. WILKERSON, M. D., D. D. S. 

Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. 

THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. D. 

Demonstrator of Anatomy. 

The regular sessions commence in October of each year, and continue until March. 
For further, information address, 

F. J. S. GORGAS, M. D., D. D. S. 

DEAN OF THE FACULTY, 

259 N. EUTAW STREET, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Note.— See pages 76, 77 and 78 for further information in regard to Dentistry. 



98 The Monumental City, 

BALTIMORE EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE, 

55 FR^NKLIlSr STREET, 



B A LTI MOR E. 



JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D. 

Pkofessor of Eye and Eak Diseases in the University of Maryland, 
SUEGEON IN CHAEGE. 



One of the largest and finest Residences in the City of Baltimore has been purchased, 

and fitted up with every convenience as a "Home" for persons suffering from Eye and 

Ear Diseases who come to Baltimore for Surgical treatment. The Surgeon in CnARaE 

resides in the Institution, so that he can visit his Patients frequently, and at all 

hours. 

For further information apply to 

JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M.D., 

55 Franklin Street, 

BALTIMORE. 



MARYLAND EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE, 

66 N. CHARLES ST. and 77 SARATOGA ST. 
BALTIMORE. 



OFFICERS. 

President— JOHN B. MOERIS, Esq. 

Vice Presidents— B. E. NEWCOMER, Esq., CHRISTIAN AX, Esq. 

Secretary— J.. J. STEWART, Esq. 

Treasurer— WILLIAM WILKENS, Esq. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

Johns Hopkins, Esq. Christian Ax, Esq. John H. B. Latrobe, Esq. H. H. Gbaue, Esq. 

John B. Moebis, Esq. J. Haemanus Fishee, Esq. C. Morton Stewaet, Esq. Dr.W. Chew Van Bibbbb, 

Hon. 6. W. Dobbin, Jacob Teitst Esq. Charles 6. Kerb, Esq. Dr. James Caet Thomas, 

B. F. Nbwcomeb, Esq. G. W. Gail, Esq. John Stellman, Esq. Dr. John Moeeis, 

Sam'l M. Shoemaker, Esq. John A. Nichols, Esq. William WiLKENS,Esq. Dr. J. L. Waefield, 

■William P. Feiok, Esq. Col. S. M. Hess, J. J. Stewaet, Esq. Dr. Geobgb Reuhns. 



Surgeon in Charge, GEORGE EEULING, M. D. 

We respectfully announce to tlie Medical Profession and Public generally, that this- 
Institute, incorporated April 3d, 1869, and now located at No. 66 N. Charles Street, and 
No. 77 Saratoga Street, has been lately enlarged and improved, and offers increased facili- 
ties for the treatment of those suffering from 

DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR. 



Application sbonld be made to GEO. R£17I.INO, Sf. D., Snrgreon in Charge. 




SPcojs 



"^^^^^H^mmmME 




^^^2^^0fJ^^^ 



r ^JfOLLTO^ 



^"^^/--r^ ««a„^^^ ^-^^,^_^ s^^'ii^.^.* 



^ cail and Examination of Specimens is solicited. 










^If V5 *v*<- ffi t} J!) » "».'-**^ fj in 








fe 



Its Past Histoky and Pkesent Eesoukces. 101 



Oyster, Fruit and Vegetable Packing. 

[,HE Oyster Trade of l^altiinore City, in its various branches, constitutes a 
most important industiy, and one whieli has no rival in the other cities 
■^ of the United States. The unlimited supply afforded by the Chesapeake 
Bay and its tributaries, and the superiority and delicate flavor of the Oysters, 
make it impossible for any other city in the Avorld to compete with Baltimore in 
this regard. About thirty years ago a single house was established on Federal 
Hill, for the canning of cooked Oysters; its owner had discovered the secret 
of sealing the cans, and vainly imagined that it could be confined within his 
own brain. He wore his life away in his efforts to amass a fortune, and his 
secret was soon discovered, which, in course of time was to convey to sections 
that had scarcely heard by name of the delicious bivalves, bountiful supplies 
as fresh and as pure as those to be found on our tables. At present there are 
more than one hundred packing establishments engaged in the business, some 
of which employ as many as six hundred hands; upwards of twenty thousand 
persons are identified with the trade from first to last, in some form. A 
failure of the Oyster supply would bring distress to hundreds of households. 
Our space does not permit a detailed statement of the modus o^jerandi of 
packing. Eight hundred pungies or small schooners and fully three thousand 
smaller boats are engaged in gathering Oysters. They commence work about 
the middle of September. The pungies separate the Oysters from the beds 
by means of dredges, while from the smaller boats tongs or rakes are plied by 
hand. The Oysters brought to the packing establishments are shucked, and 
if intended for shipment raw, are washed, and packed in the cans until every 
particle of air is excluded, and hermetically sealed; or they are first cooked 
and then packed in the same manner. As an exhibit of the amount of 
packing done, fifty thousand cans of raw are put up daily by a single house, 
and thirty thousand cans of cooked Oysters by another. The trade is kept 
up without intermission until the warm days of spring warn the proprietors 
that the Oysters will soon be unfit for use. There is then a short intermission; 
the hands are sufiered to take a holiday and the pungies lie idly at the 
wharves. In a very few weeks fleets of these small vessels line the waters of 
the bay, and the streams which flow into it. The orchards and market-gardens 
adjacent to the streams are stripped of their fruits and vegetables, the packing- 
houses are transformed into huge bee-hives, the operatives go to work with 
renewed vigor, countless thousands of boxes of these perishable productions 
of the soil are poured into their insatiable reservoirs, and by a process some- 
what similar to that made use of in Oyster packing, are stored away in 
cans and sent to all sections of the world to be kept pure and fresh until 
demanded by the ever increasing requirements of modern palates. Pickles, 
Sauces, Preserves, are all canned in large quantities by the packers and find 
7 



102 The Monumental City, 

a rapid sale in the market. These canned Oysters, Fruits and Vegetables ai-e 
sent to all portions of the United States, and are exported to all sections of the 
civilized world. The Hindoos, the Chinese, the Japanese, and all European 
markets are largely supplied with canned goods from the packing-houses of 
the city of Baltimore. An industry so extensiAC necessarily tends to the 
development of other branches of trade intimately connected with it; among 
these is the manufacture of tin-cans. 

A few of the packing-houses find it convenient to import their own tin and 
make their own cans. The machinery for this and the hands employed form 
no inconsiderable portion of the whole establishment, but by far the larger 
number rely upon the .houses which have been established in the city exclu- 
sively for that purpose. The increase in the importation and manufacture of 
tin has kej)t pace with the development of the packing trade, and at this 
writing it is estimated that between twenty and thirty million cans are manu- 
factured yearly for this market. 

The trade is increasing and the resources for conducting the packing busi- 
ness are inexhaustible. It is impossible to fix any limits to this branch of the 
trade of Baltimore in the future. Another business connected with the 
packing trade deserves notice. The cans of Oysters, Fruits or Vegetables, 
after they are sealed, are supplied with labels denoting the character of their 
contents. Great competition has arisen between the firms engaged in the 
business, and they have sought to secure the most unique and beautiful 
designs, with which to advertise their w^ares to the world. Large printing- 
houses now exist in the city whose sole occupation is the printing of these 
labels. Much capital has been employed and great pains taken to reduce their 
designs to perfection. The result is that many of these designs at first glance 
can scarcely be distinguished from wood engravings. Where so many Oysters 
are shucked the question will naturally be asked, what becomes of the shells. 

Many of the larger packing-houses have extensive lime-kilns, with a capacity 
of one thousand to twelve hundred bushels each. One firm alone burns twenty 
thousand bushels into lime every four days, and has made as much as six 
hundred thousand bushels of pure white lime in a year. Even this immense 
quantity does not dispose of the accumulations, and in many instances farmers 
and others are paid to haul away the shells for the construction of roads, or 
the improvement of the lands adjacent to the city. It will be seen from the 
above that the packing trade is already of paramount importance in Balti- 
more, and is rapidly increasing in extent and the number of substantial 
citizens engaged in it. 

The Oyster laws of the State form no inconsiderable portion of the Code, 
and the efforts of legislators have latterly been directed to the regulation of 
the manner of taking the Oysters, that the beds may not be permanently 
injured by this traflSc. An Oyster-navy has been esiablished with this view, 
and efficient officers selected to command it; and during the season the vessels 
composing this water-police are constantly in motion for the purpose of 
enforcing the Oyster laws. 



Its Past Histoky aj^d Present Kesources 



103 




]SUMSE3f'S BI^OCK. 



PRESERVERS, PIOKLERS, 









Office, 18 Light Street, 



Factories at Jackson St., Federal Hill, and German St., near Green St. 



WM. NUMSEN, 
J W. NUMSEN, 
N. 6. NUMSEN, 
WM. N. NUMSEN. 



BALTIMORE. 



104 



The Monumental City, 



Successors of THOS. KENSETT & CO. 
PACKERS OF HERMETICALLY SEALED 

OYSTERS, FRUITS, &c 

122 '\^^. Falls ^ven-ue, 

THOMAS H. KENSETT, 

JOHN R. KENSETT. jSJ±J^±±JJ± UJxXL, 



J^MES E. STAINTSBTJUY, 
OYSTER, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PACKER, 




AKL> SMMLL-LI31E KILNS, 

Atlantic Wharf, near Boston Street, Canton, BALTIMORE. 



ESX^A-BHiTSITEID 1850. 



A. K. SHKIVER. 



THOS. J. MYER. 

THOS. J. MYER & CO. 

Successors to BALDWIN & MYEK, 



M. O. SHEIVER, 



No, 90 WEST FALLS AVENUE, 

Opposite Philadelphia Depot, B^LTHVIORE. 



Its Past History ah^b Present Kesources. 105 

jr.C. MAHONY. ESTABIilSHED 1853. H.'FLBMING. 



J. G. IMEiLIIOIUrV <£ CO. 

Oyster and J^rjjit Packers, 

MAHONY'S WHARF, CANTON, 

Baltimore. 



Shot. 

JIMONGt tlie most prominent objects in a distant view of Baltimore, towering 
mk far above the loftiest building, and, although situated near the water 
€ level, rivalling in height the summit of the Washington Monument, is 
the Merchants' Shot Tower. This immense piece of masonry was erected 
in 1828, and is said to be the finest specimen of brick work on this continent, 
and perhaps in the world. It is two hundred and twenty feet high, above 
the pavement, and has a foundation seventeen feet in depth, resting upon 
solid rock. This gives the tower the rare and important advantage of being 
absolutely free from vibration, except during the heaviest gales of wind, when 
the maximum vibration at the highest floor does not exceed four inches. 
This absence of vibration is essential to the perfectness of the Shot. The 
walls were built entirely from within, no outside scaffolding having been 
used; they are six feet thick at the base of the tower, tapering off to eighteen 
inches at the top. The circumference at the base is one hundred and twenty- 
nine feet. The top is reached by a spiral stairway of three hundred and ten 
steps. 

With regard to the manufacture of the Shot, it is sufficient to say that the 
large sizes of Shot, from B to 3 T inclusive, are dropped from the highest 
floor, while the smaller numbers are dropped from the middle floor. The 
company which works this tower claims to make the most perfect Drop Shot 
in the world, in consequence of the firm foundation and substantial structure 
of yie tower, which secures it against vibratory motion. The sizes of their 
Shot, moreover, are carefully graded by fixed standards, and are mathemati- 
cally perfect. The manufacturing capacity of the tower is now 100,000 bags 
in a season; it can readily be increased to 200,000 every six months, or indeed 
if necessary to half a million annually. 



106 




The Monumental City, 




COR. FRONT AND FAYETTE STS. 

T^altiinore, ]Nd]d. 



Having all neiu and the most approved macliinery 

for tlie manufacture of Dro}) and Mould Shot and 

"3 Bar Lead, the qualify of our manufactured articles 

*' ,jgg^^^,;^j-_-\^ in sizes, style cmd finish is not excelled in the luorid. 

1^^^^^^ The sizes of Shot we manufacture are 



i MOULD SHOT, - - lVo.|16 

Sst^^^'ai'-SSfcl'MiSr ^'I'liiber to the- Poun. 



16 



371551 IC I AP 



37 55 212 51 



NP 



85 



85111 



! 1 



144 170 



250 



340 



PROF SHOT.— TTT TT T BBB BB B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

HENRY D. HARVEY, President. LUCIEN O'CONNOR, Secretary, 2>ro Um. 

HENRY D. HARVEY. 
JAMES HOOPER, Je, of James Hooper & Sons, 1 FRANCIS A. CROOK. Treas Balto. Equitable Society, 

GEORGE N. EATO\, of Eaton Bros. & Co. WILLIAM WILSON. Jr . of Wilson, Burns & Co. 

GEORGE WM. BROW X, iMte Mayor of Baltimore, | GEORGE W. CORNER, of James Corner & Sons. 



Provisions. 



(Jjl.HE immediate connection of Baltimore with the West, renders it the chief 
U|i point for distribution southward, of the great Provision supplies from 
■'♦'' that important and rapidly growing section of our country. It has long 
been known as one of the cheapest ports for this purpose on the entire sea- 
board ; but the Provision trade with the States of Georgia and South Carolina 
was in some measure diminished by the establishment of direct lines of rail- 
way to the Mississippi valley. The trade with the Southern Atlantic 
States has however been largely augmented of late years, both through a 
disposition to purchase in Baltimore, and because the consumption in those 
States has greatly increased. In view of this fact, the railways and lines of 
steamers communicating directly or indirectly with the South, have become 
much more active than formerly. During 1872 Baltimore distributed 70,000 
hhds. of bacon and bulk meats ; 20,000 casks of hams ; 50,000 tierces of lard ; 
30,000 bbls. of pork. A large proportion of these articles is sent to the West 
Indies and points further South ; while to Great Britain and Germany great 
quantities of lard are shipped annually. The aggregate export of lard to 
Liverpool and Bremen alone, in 1871, was about half the total amount of 
4,877,470 lbs. The demand for this article has become so great, that the 
refining of the cruder grades has risen within a short period into a very 
important branch of manufacture, of which we treat in the succeeding article. 



Its Past History akd Present Eesources. 



107 





NO. 48 SOUTH ST. 




r K 



r E C S ^ ■ jl LARD Oft 

'W ! ^/ I E g 



REFINED LARD 





The Mokumental Oitt, Its Past Histoey, Etc. 



109 



Refined Lard. 



^AjlTHIN three or four years past a new branch of the Provision trade has 
Wis arisen in Baltimore, and, growing with astonishing rapidity, has already 
^^^ become one of the important departments of manufacture and commerce. 
This is the preparation and exportation of Kefined Lard. The crude article, 
formerly exported as received from Western markets, is now cleansed of 
impurities, in estabHshments conducted on a very large scale, and being thus 
rendered easier to handle, as well as fitter for use, is sent in immense lots to 
Europe and elsewhere. There are four refineries now engaged in this busi- 
ness, which, only three or four years ago, was almost unknown; and of these 
four, two are also occupied in the preparation of Lard Oil. 
The shipments for the last three years have been as follows : 

]^87o 1,791,360 lbs. 

lSn"^''Z'''''' 4,876,760 " 

]^872 12,622,649 « 




G-. O^SSi^RD & SO^, 




AND DEALERS IN 



PROVISIONS, PRIME LARD AND LARD OIL, 

Wos. 407 & 409 West Baltimore Street, 

Baltimore. 



GEO. CASSARD & CO. 



'&i 



Shoulder^, Sides, j^ork, |_.ard, 

^ AND 

ISTIilOlS ailll4il^ 

No. 46 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE. 



110 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 

THOMAS CASSARD. JOHN CASSARD. P. W. CASSARD. 

CASSARD BROTHERS, 

3SrO. 61 SOTJTKC STI^EEX, 

BALTIMORE, 



Butter and Cheese. 



%S a market for Butter and Cheese, produced in. the gre&t pasture lands of 
K the country, Baltimore now fairly rivals New York City. The trade 
was formerly quite inconsiderable, in the days when each farmer made 
into Cheese the products of his own dairy; but since the establishment 
of large factories, the supply now of refined quality and vast quantity, is 
an important branch of commerce in both of the cities named. The trans- 
portation facilities of our own market for these articles are now fully as cheap, 
as rapid, and as convenient as those of New York, while we are nearer to the 
large Cheese and Butter consuming Southern country. As a consequence of 
this point in our favor, so large a proportion of the annual production comes 
to Baltimore, that occasionally New York merchants have found it to their 
advantage to purchase in this city; and the daily sales here are now several 
hundred per centum greater than they were a few years ago. These remarks, 
though made especially in reference to Cheese, are equally tri^e in regard to 
Butter, of which the best article is received in very large quantities as cheaply 
as in New York. 

The trade in Butter has increased largely during the year 1872, the 
receipts for that period being 10,000,000 pounds, and the receipts of Cheese 
during the same time have aggregated fully as much as during any former year. 

ISTo. 6 Exchange [Place, 

CHEESE, BUTTER AND WESTERN PRODUCE. 

Arriving Daily, and For Sale AT LOWEST MARKET RATES, 
We also offer for sale at Factory prices, as Manufacturers' Wholesale Agents, 
T. Kingsford & Soii*s Oswego Slaroli. 

Procter A: Osiiiible's Oleiiic Soap and Adamantine Candles, 
£niil Alatliieu A. Son''s Clarified Tinegar, 

Stickney «fe Poor's Premium Mastard. 
Naphey's Choice L.eaf I.ard, in 3,15. 10 and[35 Pound Tin Pails. 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 



113 




114 



The Monumental City, 



Sugar. 



JlSr the importation of Sugar, as well as of Coffee, the business of Baltimore 
has increased surprisingly within three years past. In 1870, New Yort 
alone could show larger receipts; but in Sugar especially, Boston reported 
almost an equal amount, and Philadelphia was not far behind. In 1871, the 
receipts at Baltimore were nearly two-thirds as great as the aggregate of 
Boston, Philadelphia and l^ew Orleans ; and the current year shows thus far 
a still heavier augmentation of the receipts. At the close of the first six 
months of 1872, the aggregate of imports for those months, as compared with 
the corresponding period of the preyious year, were as follows: 





HHDS. 


BOXES. 


BAGS. 


TIERCES. 


BBLS. 


1872, . . 
1871, . . 


76,024 
69,601 


39,193 

23,895 


33,000 
21,233 


3,170 
1,421 


6,671 
9,597 




Inc. 6,423 


Inc. 15,298 


Inc. 11,767 


Inc. 2,769 


Dec. 2,908 



The rapid growth of the trade in the past four years is displayed in the 
following table of receipts: 

1872 > 122,402 hhds. 70,180 boxes, 41,100 bags. 

1871 122,075 " 53,945 " 44,620 " 

1870 87,598 " 57,444 " 29,678 " 

1869 81,461 " 57,761 " 10,930 " 

These large cargoes of raw Sugars are of course brought to Baltimore not 
merely for local consumption; and this introduces another extensive manu- 
facturing interest of our city — the work of the Sugar Refineries. These 
factories are of great importance, inasmuch as their influence upon the 
prosperity of the city reaches far beyond the mere employment of a given 
number of laborers, or the production of a certain value in merchantable 
wares. By them importation is promoted, and our port is made to assume a 
high position as the great medium of traffic in one of the principal articles of 
necessity in the civilized world; while every means of transportation is called 
into activity by the requirements for distribution of the immense product. 

In the Baltimore, Maryland, Calvert and Chesapeake Refineries the aggregate 
amount of the crude material worked up during the year 1871 was 109,686,000 
pounds, from which were produced 91,000,000 pounds refined Sugar, and 
1,929,272 gallons Syrup. Two other companies, the Canton and Merchants', 
which are employed in preparing Sugar from Molasses, boiled in 1871, 23,000 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 



115 




116 ^ The Monumental City, 

hogsheads of Molasses, producing 11,300,000 pounds of yellow Sugar, and 
440,000 gallons of Syrup. During that year, the receipts of Molasses, though 
so largely in excess of the previous years, were inadequate to the needs of the 
several establishments, and work was suspended much earlier in the season 
than is usual, in consequence of the deficiency of material. The Canton 
company, which worked up during the season 8,000 hogsheads, with a 
capacity of 15,000 hogsheads, was compelled to draw half even of this reduced 
amount from Northern markets. This deficiency of course suggested the 
necessity of heavier importations, and the receipts of the current year, as 
shown above, have been much larger. 

Baltimore is undoubtedly destined to become a great market for both crude 
and refined Sugars and Molasses, and the character of the gentlemen who 
control the trade should be a sufficient inducement for purchasers to seek our 
city, when the other inducements oifered compare so favorably with other 
places. 



Coffee. 

fOFFEE is an article of importation in which Baltimore stands second 
among the ports of the United States; more prominently so, indeed, than 
^^ in the case of Sugar, as here the receipts are more than twice the aggregate 
entries at the three other chief pgi^ts, of Boston, Philadelphia and New 
Orleans. The amount recorded for 1871, at Baltimore, was 92,892,904 
pounds, principally Brazil, (or Eio,) while the receipts at Philadelphia, 
5,792,915, at Boston, 6,398,256, and at New Orleans, 33,072,914, make a total 
of 45,264,085 pounds — less than half that of Baltimore, notwithstanding the 
great importance of New Orleans as the port of distribution to the valley of 
the lower Mississippi. The large supply given above is yet below the real 
amount, as large cargoes are shipped westward under bond without showing 
to the credit of Baltimore on the books of the Custom-House. 

The following average of monthly sales during five years will give an idea 
of the rapid progress of the trade: 

(leo lbs. to the bag.) 

For 1867 20,810 bags, or 3,329,600 lbs. 

" 1868 20,919 " " 3,347,040 " 

" 1869 29,534 " " 4,724,440 " 

" 1870 42,213 " " 6,754,080 " 

" 1871 45,900 " " 7,344,000 " 

" 1872 32,922 " "5,267,520" 

The crop of 1872 was short; Baltimore importing its full share. 

Baltimore, indeed, has become a port of entry in coffee, even for New York 
merchants, in consequence of the facilities offered for economical handling, 
and for cheap and speedy transportation to various points in the West. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 117 

BARKLEY & HASSON, 

No. 50 South Charles Street, Ealtimore, 

MAITUFACTUREHS, 
CREAM TARTAR, MONUMENTAL YEAST POWDER, 

The " Enterprise'^ Roasted Coffee, 

Packed in 1 lb Papers. 

Coffees, Teas, Spices, /Starches, 

Soaps, Sodas, Ess. Coffee, Canned Fruits, 

Grocers' Dru^s, Candles, Lye, Extracts, 
Shoe Blaching, Sf-c. 



EST-A-BLISIEiEID 18SS. 



G. H. REESE h BROTHERS, 





^m. 



b^l«^ 




#'^» ^'^^ 





207 ^ 209 



W. Pratt Street, 



BALTIMORE 



118 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 

Charles Beese. Percy M. Beese. 

CHARLES REESE & SON, 

IPORTH OJ AND DIAIW IN 

Wines, Fruits and Fine Groceries, 

COR. EUTAW, MADISON & GARDEN STS, ' 

Have at all times a complete assortment of Choice Family Groceries,. 
AT LO WEST CASH PRICES. 



SE3SriD FOE, IjIST OF FF,ICES---raEE. 



IScllt. 



f,HE three great markets for Salt in this country are New Orleans, New 
York and Baltimore. We name them in point of prominence. The 
Y article itself is such an absolute necessity that the wonder has often been 
expressed from where does it all come. Liverpool, Turk's Island and some of 
the local wells, situated principally in the States of New York, Michigan, 
Ohio and West Virgiilia, furnish the bulk of the article consumed in this 
country. There have been brought from the West Indies to this port during 
the past year about 150,000 more bushels of Salt than at any similar period 
of our history. The importation from Liverpool has somewhat slackened 
during the same time, owing to the strikes at Liverpool, and high prices and 
scarcity only; but the figures made up by one of the largest Salt dealers in 
America, very clearly indicate that Baltimore is to become the gi-eatest market 
on the Atlantic seaboard for the importation and sale of that commodity. 
The fact that gentlemen of undoubted probity and substantial resources have 
control of the Salt market in Baltimore, should be an inducement to all 
buyers in the South and West to come to this city for their supplies. The 
facilities for importation are unequalled and the prices correspondingly low. 
The rates of freight and railroad transportation are not surpassed in this 
country for cheapness, dispatch and security to the buyer. 



130 The Monumental City, 

STE^V<;^^E,T & CO 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS 

No. 13 ISr. HO^V^^RD STREET, 

BALTIMORE, 



Teas. 



,ci|0HE Tea trade of Baltimore is a large and growing interest. Prior to the 



establishment of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Teas were brought 
!^ direct from the East to New York. This Line to some extent changed 
the direction of Eastern goods ; but the completion of the Central Pacific 
Eailroad, and the low rates for freight established by that corporation, have 
effected a complete revolution in the Tea trade. Tea is now brought by water 
to the Pacific coast, and shipped overland to the Eastern Cities of America. 

The geographical position of our City, and the energy of her Merchants, 
,have secured for her much of the trade, which was formerly monopolized by 
New York. At least, one of the largest Houses in Baltimore has a member 
of the firm in the East, as special agent for the selection and purchase of 
Teas; and all those engaged in the business are very careful of the character 
of the goods offered to the market. Large quantities of Tea are shipped from 
Baltimore to the South, and South- West; and from present indications our 
City at no distant day will compare favorably with her sister Cities on the 
Atlantic coast, in this very estensive branch of commerce. 

Martin Gillet, Martin Gillet & Co. 

Established 1815. Established 1832. 

IKEAB.TIN G-II.I.KT «£ CO. 

70 EXCBANGE PLACE, BALTI3IORE, 

Importers of China and Japan Teas, 

Also, JAPAN FANS. 
Office in New York., 95 Front Street. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 




121 



GEO. SANDERS & SONS, 

I]Sd:PORTBRS AISTD JOBBERS OF 



eS SXGHAIVGE PI.AGE, 



Rice. 

()HE Rice Market of Baltimore, without very great variation in the -total 
amount of its business, has changed considerably in its character during 
the years of which we take especial note in this sketch. Domestic crops 
are now consumed wholly within the United States, and fall considerably 
below the needs of the country; and in consequence of this, and the cheap 
rates of through shipment, much of the business in home-grown Rice is done 
in Charleston and New Orleans. On the other hand, and in consequence of 
this insufficiency, the receipts of foreign Rice have greatly increased, and the 
report of the current year shows an aggregate at least fifty per cent in excess 
of last or any previous year — say 25,000 bags as couipared with 15,000 for the 
entire receipts of 1871. In exact figures, there were received last year 25,618 
bags, in 1871, 15,873 bags, and in 1870, 8,980 bags. The report of domestic 
Rice, for the same years, shows also a slight excess in favor of 1871, over 
1870, notwithstanding the short crops in the South. 

Of the foreign cargoes received, fully three-fourths are sold for home 
consumption, but the sales for exportation to the West Indies and elsewhere 
abroad, are steadily increasing. Among the kinds of Rice brought from the 
East Indies, that called Patna Rice, said to be produced from American seed, 
and which has a fine, bright, slender grain, is a favorite article. Rangoon 
Rice is received in large quantities for shipment to the West Indies, and when 
of very good quality, often goes largely into consumption in the United States. 

J. D. ehijiXirs a go. 

87 SECOND STREET, BALTIMORE. 



132 The Monumental City, 



Spices. 



fEW articles are more generally used than manufactured Spices. They 
appear upon the table of every household in the city, and enter into the 
preparation of nearly all the dishes that are served for human consump- 
tion, and yet but few are aware of the extent of their manufacture, or the 
vast amount consumed. In Baltimore there are five extensive establishments 
engaged in their production, besides a number of smaller houses, which do a 
flourishing business. Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Cassia, Cayenne, 
&c., &c., are manufactured in immense quantities, and of a character certainly 
equal to the productions of the factories in any other sections of the country. 
The very best materials are used by the manufacturers, and our market in 
this regard is entirely independent of all others. Jobbers complete their 
stocks from the home factories, and their experience is decidedly favorable to 
a continuance of this system. Large capital is invested in the business, and 
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our most reliable and sterling mer- 
chants. This fact gives confidence that in a trade where probity and fair 
dealing are absolutely essential, dealers can purchase with the utmost 
security. The manufacture of Spices in Baltimore has already assumed 
large proportions, and the demand increasing every day, will doubtless lead 
to an indefinite expansion of the trade in the future. The manufactured 
goods are sent from this city in immense quantities to the South, West and 
North- West, and to the neighboring States. 



Fish. 



tMONGr the many advantages offered by the location of the City of Balti- 
more, are the products of the Chesapeake Bay, whose waters teem with 
Fish suited to the table of the most fastidious epicure, as well as adapted 
to the requirements of trade. In almost every season the markets are sup- 
plied with its offerings, and the Bay Mackerel, Potomac and Susquehanna 
Shad, Sheepshead, Drum, Taylor, Kock, white and yellow Perch, and other 
numerous varieties are supplied in greater quantities and more decided 
excellence than can be found in any port of this or any other country. In 
addition to these, large quantities of Shad and Herring are yearly caught at 
the fisheries on the shores of the bay and its tributaries, which find their 
way to this mart, and form an important article of trade and commerce. 
Owing to the geographical position of Baltimore it is also a centre for the 
distribution over its various railroads of the Fish from the British Provinces 
and the New England States, and the Carolinas ; the Western country being 
almost entirely supplied from this Port with these commodities. 



Its Past Histoey and Pebsent Kesoueces. 123 

geo. m. lamb. edw. l. kemp. 

Successors to GIST & WELLS, 

ESTABL,ISIIEI> ■■-.... 1852. 




N^os. 126 & 128 S. EUTAW STREET, 

Opposite Balto. and Ohio R. R. Depot, BALTIMORE. 



Soap and Candles. 



WiKEi manufacture of Soap and Candles has been carried on in Baltimore 
n| for many years past, and there are now in the City five large factories, 
W with quite a number of smaller establishments. At two of the larger 
Houses, Candles are manufactured on a considerable scale. Large shipments 
are made to the West Indies, and also to other foreign regions, especially Cape 
of Good Hope. Notwithstanding the influences exerted against this trade by 
the general use of coal oil in various forms, and the extensive introduction 
of gas, the exportation from Baltimore has been at least quadrupled during 
the past twenty years. 

JAS. ARMSTRONG & CO. 

manufacturers of 

ALL mum or soips 



AND 



Hard Pressed Tallow Candles, 

GONGORD ST. 

raSLTKHSTKONG. balthmorb. 

manufacturers of 



^3 
ADAMANTINE AND TALLOW CANDLES, 

Corner of HoUiday and Pleasant Streets, 

BALTIMORE. 



lU 



The Monumental City, 



James Beatty. Oeorg^e R. Skillman. 

JAMES BEATTY & CO. 

Cracker, Cake and Ship Biscuit 

Wos, 92, 94: and 96 Dtigan^s Wharf, 

BALTiraORES. 



ISTE^^I?, I=I^-A.TT STK.EET, 



Matches, 



fHE manufacture of Matches was commenced in this City in 1865, under 
favorable auspices. Experienced and skillful workmen were employed.; 
T and the interest has steadily increased in importance. At present 
upwards of one hundred hands are employed, and from two hundred and 
fifty to three hundred gross are daily manufactured. Both Sulphur and 
Parlor Matches are made which compare favorably in quality, with those 
manufactured elsewhere in. the country. Baltimore is the only city south of 
Wilmington, Delaware, where these very necessary articles are manufactured ; 
and hence the demand is very great. Besides supplying the home market, 
large quantities are sent to the South, at rates certainly as favorable as are 
offered in any other localities. The superiority of Baltimore Matches has 
created for them a popularity in some localities, which has materially 
enlarged the business. This branch of industry is growing in importance, 
and the fact that all the materials necessary in the manufacture can be 
purchased here, makes it specially remunerative. 




WEEDON, ARMISTEAD & CO. 



MANTTFACTVJlEnS OF 



Sulphur and Parlor Matches 

13 CHEAPSIDE, 

baltiiviore:. 



Its Past Histoey ai^d Peesekt Eesources. 



1^ 



Imported Wines and Liquors. 

pN addition to the Whiskey trade of our city, quite a large business is done 
in Imported Wines and Liquors. Before the civil war, in this country, 
large quantities of Brandies and superior Wines were imported into this 
market. But the excessive duties afterwards imposed, caused a falling off in 
the consumption. The establishment of the Bremen and Allan Lines of 
Steamers, together with partial reduction in duties, have very materially 
revived this branch of our commerce; and to-day Baltimore can compare 
favorably with other cities both in the stock offered to buyers, and the 
character of the gentlemen engaged in the business. The fashions have 
somewhat changed in this branch of industry of late years. The introduction 
of Lager-Beer and the cheapness of Whiskey as compared with foreign 
Brandies, &c., and the finer classes of Wines, have altered to a very consid- 
erable extent the public taste, and at present large quantities of the cheaper 
French and German Wines, together with heavy invoices of "Brown Stout," 
India Ales, and fermented Liquors are brought to this Port. Gin, too, is 
imported in considerable quantities; and the wholesale dealers in this City 
have always on hand choice selections of the finest Foreign Wines and 
Liquors, and offer inducements to customers certainly not inferior to those 
extended by other cities. 



LAURENCE THOMSEN Sl CO. 

im:p»oiiters 

OF 
AND DEALERS IIST 

FINE OLD RYE WHISKIES, 

No. 114 WEST L03IBABD STREET, 

NEAR CHARLES STREET, B^^LTII^OIiE. 



GHAS. H. MYSRS i£ BRO. 

IMPORTERS OF 




RUM, SCOTCH ALE, BROWN STOUT, 



SALAD OIL, CASTILE SOAP, «fcC. 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND 

CHOICE OI^ID li^S-E <Sc BOTJtlBOIISr -V^KCISKZE^ST, 
No. 72 EXCHANGE PLACE, - - BALTIMORE. 



126 



. The Monumental City, 

GEO. P. THOMAS & CO. 



I>EAL,ERS IN 



F'c^r'eign and Domestic 




No. 385 W. Baltimore Street^ Baltimore. 



Whiskey. 



I, OR many years, Baltimore has borne a reputation deservedly high for 
i the manufacture of fine Rye Whiskies, and at this writinsr controls 
5^^ the markets of the United States in these grades. The manufacture 
of Whiskies of all kinds and qualities is extensively carried on in and around 
the city; and the sales foot up an aggregate in barrels, which mark it as one 
of our most important industries. Five Houses are at present engaged in 
its production, with a capacity in the aggregate of 4,500 bushels of grain, 
or from 450 to 500 barrels of the raw material daily. Fully two hundred 
Houses, large and small, are eu gaged in the Liquor trade. Six of the larger 
sell 50,000 barrels annually, while the business transacted by the others, 
placing it at 50,000 barrrels, a moderate estimate, will bring the sum total of 
sales, to 100,000 barrels annually. The capital invested in the Whiskey 
business in this city is about $3,000,000, while the receipts from sales, 
allowing an average price of $1.50 per gallon, would aggregate $6,000,000. 
Of course the large amount of Whiskey manufactured and sold here is not 
all intended for home consumption. To the extreme South, heavy shipments 
of the .very best grades of Rye Whiskey are made; while with the neighboring 
States, the trade consists principally of inferior grades. Massachusetts, 
New York and northern Pennsylvania, also consume large quantities manu- 
factured here. In the West, where the people have heretofore used exclusively 
the Bourbon or Corn Whiskey, manufactured in the vicinity of Louisville 
and Cincinnati, a taste is developing for the better grades of Baltimore " Old 
Eye." The increase since the war in the manufacture and sale of Whiskey 
in this city has been very decided, and the evidences furnished by the trans- 
actions of the last two years, lead to the conclusion that its expansion will be 
more rapid in the future. 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 



127 



inr. T. waimTers i£ go. 

68 EXCHANGE PL^OE, 

BALTIMORE. 




WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
SOLE PROPRIETORS OF THE CELEBRATED 

BAKER'S PURE RYE WHISKEY. 



138 



The Mo]S'UMEiq"TAL City, 




THOS. J, FLACK dl SOIffS^ 

TTIISrES ^N^D LIQUORS, 

S2 SOVIB STMEET, BALTIMORE. 




FLACK BROTHERS, 

Distillers of Eye and Bourbon Whiskies, Eum, Gin and Brandy, 

OFFICE, 52 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE, MD. 
DistUlery, bounded by Clinton and First Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues. 



Its Past Histoey and Present Kesources. 129 



Grain. 

-A 

^ALTIMOEE, the commercial centre of a large and wonderfully rich 

1^ agricultural region, has long been one of the leading Grain markets of 

^ this country. The soil and climate of the sections naturally tributary 

to our city, are peculiarly adapted to the growth of cereals. Prior to the 

development of the gigantic West, and the introduction and extension of 

railroads, a short or full crop of Grain on the "Chesapeake" established the 

value of Breadstuffs along the entire Atlantic coast. The portions of our 

country which more immediately feed the Baltimore market, comprise the 

State of Maryland, a large part of Virginia, with sections of Delaware, 

Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. 

Those divisions which lie more directly on the Chesapeake, produce the 
very finest varieties of Wheat; unsurpassed, and probably not equalled in 
quality by that grown in any other part of the world; being of a bright color, 
thin skin, plump berry, and rich in gluten. The Baltimore milling demand 
for this high grade Wheat, absorbs nearly the whole crop at high prices; 
leaving but little or none for export, or for neighboring markets. The Corn 
produced in this favored section, is also of superior quality. "Baltimore 
White Corn" is well-known, and sought after by the trade of the Atlantic 
States and Great Britain whenever a high grade article for human food is 
wanted. The waters of the Chesapeake furnish a rapid and cheap mode of 
transportation to farmers, in vessels whose tonnage is from two to five thousand 
bushels. The cargoes are taken immediately from their farms, at a cost of 
five to seven cents per bushel, and reach market in one to five days. 

With the radical change in the labor system, and the sub-division of farms, 
this rich section of country is destined to rapid development, and great 
increase of crops. It offers to capable and industrious farmers with moderate 
means, the finest opportunity for location and settlement, that can now be 
presented. 

The completion of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad, and the extension of 
its Western connections, together with the facilities granted by its great 
competitor, the Pennsylvania Company, have caused a large increase in the 
Grain trade of Baltimore during the past few years. With a wise policy, and 
proper facilities extended by the management of these Eoads, we hope soon 
to recover our former paramount importance; or at least to become a close 
competitor with the present leading market on the coast. 

An extensive Grain Elevator established by the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road Company, facilitating the handling of Western Grain, has greatly 
increased the receipts of Corn; so that Baltimore has already become a 
considerable exporting Corn Port. The success attending this enterprise has 



130 The Monumektal Oitt, 

led to tlie projection of several others of a similar character. The Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad Company we learn will immediately build additional 
Elevators, and the Pennsylvania Company having obtained desirable property 
on deep water, at Canton, will soon erect another ; thus enabling our Mer- 
chants eager for the trade, to handle our portion of the ever increasing 
surplus of the West. 

The extension of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad to Chicago, must add 
largely to the receipts of our Port, and enable Northwestern Wheat to reach 
foreign markets through Baltimore, at cheaper rates, and in better condition 
than by any other route. 

The rigid inspection of G-rain established by the Corn and Flour Exchange, 
together with the great care exercised by shippers, have already given to cargoes 
shipped from Baltimore, a very high reputation abroad; thereby maintaining 
the boasted supremacy of our market for quality. Since the establishment 
of the Baltimore and Ohio Elevator, the receipts of Corn have largely 
increased. For the first six months of 1872, 5,908,000 bushels were received, 
against 2,398,000 for the same period of the previous year; and 5,735,000 
bushels for the entire year 1871. The extensive improvements and additions 
to our Railroad facilities, and other causes, will in the near future magnify 
our Grrain trade to such proportions, as the most sanguine amongst us can 
now scarcely appreciate. 

We append a table showing the comparative receipts of Grain at this 
market for four years: 

1872. 1871. 1870. 1869. 

Wheat 2,456,100 4,076,017 3,039,357 3,249,995 ■ 

Corn 9,045,465 5,735,921 3,831,676 3,923,563 

Oats 1,959,161 1,833,409 1,243,720 1,171,424 

Rye 90,938 88,956 77,778 177,246 

Peas 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 

Beans 35,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 



Total. 13,596,664 11,774,303 8,232,531 8,562,228 

JOHN GIJmIm <£ GO. 

Commission and Shipping Merchants, 



lAheral advances tnade on consignments of Cotton, 
Grain, and other Produce, to our care. 



U. S. BONDED STORES 

ANB 

FREE WAREHOUSES. 

The Baltimore Warehouse Company, 

Chartered by the State of Maryland, January, 1867, with an authorized capital 
of One Million Dollars, are prepared to 

STORE MEROHAmiZE, BONDED OR FREE, 

On which they will make liberal advances, if required. 

OFFICE-No. 2 RIALTO BUILDINGS, SECOND STREET. 

JOHNS HOPKINS, ^Y. E. HOOPER, 

THOMAS KENSET, S. M. SHOEMAKER, 

HENRY JAMES, JAMES A. GARY, 

JAMES S. WHEDBEE. 

JAMES H. BABNEY, President. 
a A, FOOTE, Secretary. 

Monumental Cotton Press and Warehouse, 

STORAGE CAPACITY, 5,000 BALES, 

INSURANCE m:in^im:um, 

WITH TWO WATER FRONTS, 

ADJOINING CHAKLESTON S. S. WHARF, UNION DOCK, 

E. G. Uhthoff, Proprietor. 
J. M. Uhthoff, Agent. 

Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, 

NORTH AVENUE, BALTIMORE. 

DIRECTORS ANB OFFICER!^ OF THE INSTITUTION. 

F. T. King, 
Charles J. Baker, 
Charles E. Wethered, 
John T. Morris, 
E. Wyatt Blanchard, 
Jacob Tome, 

President, Secretary, Treasurer, 

J HOWARD McHENRY. JOHN T. MORRIS. B. F. NEWCOMER. 

Superintendent, Physician, Oculist, 

F. D. MORRISON. JAMES A. STEUART. RUSSELL MURDOCH, M. D. 



J. Howard McHenry, 
Dr. Wm. Fisher, 
B. F. Newcomer, 
George N. Eaton, 
W. W. Glenn, 
Jacob Trust, 



George S. Brown, 
John Glenn, 
George M. Rogers, 
Wm. a. Fisher, 
F. W. Brune, 
J. J. Jackson. 




H 
p^ 



—I 
—I 

H 



£J3 

H 



H 

i < 






o 
Phi 






^ 

^ 



m 
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C/3 

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Its Past Histokt and Present Kesources. 



133 



ISEAEL M. PAKE. 



HENKY A. PAER. 



I. m:. pa^rr & so:n, 





. BALTIMORE. 



Flour. 



^ KEVIEW of the Flour and Meal trade naturally follows that of Grain. 
The requirements of merchants engaged in the BreadstufFs trade, led to 
the establishment of the Corn and Flour Exchange, where this business 
is exclusively transacted. 

The high character and position of the merchants engaged in this trade in 
Baltimore, is- proverbial, and excelled nowhere in America. Baltimore 
situated in the centre of a great Wheat growing country, has always main- 
tained the first-class reputation as a Flour market. The Grain is obtained 
principally from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and the West. The 
manufacturing capacity of our city is extensive. Large and substantial 
Mills, with all modern improvements, are located upon powerful streams 
within and contiguous to the city ; and several large Steam Mills of great 
power are favorably located. The great drought of the past few years, the 
consequent diminution of water, and its interference with milling operations, 
have caused some proprietors of Mills to add to their water-power, steam 
engines to supply the constantly increasing demands. The Flour manufac- 
tured in Baltimore, from the high grade and fancy Maryland and Virginia 
Wheat, is of well-known superior quality, and wherever introduced main- 
tains this reputation. The highest grade for family use, such as the famous 
"Patapsco" brand and others well-known, are unsurpassed, if ever equalled 
in the world, and have become the standard in markets, for the best grades. 
A very high grade of " Strong Flour," a quality well-known to the trade 
and to bakers, is also manufactured with great care in this city for shipment 
to Brazil and other South American ports. This Flour is capable of standing 
long voyages to the tropics. Its quality is due to the peculiarity of the 



134 The Mokumesttal City, 

Wheat grown in this section, in addition to judicious selection and careful 
' attention bestowed on its milling. The proprietors of the celebrated " Eio " 
brands, such as the "Mount Vernon" and others, are very jealous and 
deservedly proud of their reputation, which is equal to that of any Flour 
ground and shipped from the States. The Country and Western Flour 
received here for sale is generally of high or good grade, and is exported to' 
Europe and the West Indies, or goes into domestic consumption. Inferior 
or very low grades are not received in any quantities, as they are not suitable 
to the market; and merchants Avill not take them to the profit of the 
shippers. 

After continued effort by the trade, the compulsory S^ate inspection laws 
with regard to Flour, were abolished by the Legislature, and expired on the 
first day of May, 1872. These laws were always an incubus upon trade, and 
resulted in giving us incompetent inspectors, (whose sole recommendation 
was party fidelity,) to examine and report the quality of goods submitted to 
them. We have done with them. The only inspection of Flour now with 
us is voluntary. The merits of the article itself, the judgment of the buyer, 
and above all, the character and reputation of the miller or seller, are the 
safeguards against imposition and fraud, and these are sufficient without the 
dictum of an ignoramus to "brand" the goods according to his bad judgment, 
prejudice or partiality. 

Our market has been singularly free from any of the disreputable practices 
said to prevail elsewhere. In fact the trade "wont stand it." We look to 
reputation as a guarantee of the goods. 

With the opening and extension of the various arteries of trade, we confi- 
dently look forward to a rapid development of the Flour Trade of this Port, 
together with an increase of receipts of Western Wheat, and a large addition 
to our milling capacity. 

The following table will show the receipts of Flour at this market for the 
last four years : 

1872 1,175,967 bbls. 

1871 1,123,028 " 

1870 1,117,314 " 

1869 1,051,251 " 

In addition to the trade of Flour, large quantities of White Corn are ground 
in and around the city for domestic consumption, and for the contiguous 
country. Yellow Corn, kiln-dried, ground and packed in barrels for ship- 
ment to the West Indies, and British Provinces, is an important article of 
manufacture and commerce. Hominy, prepared from a peculiar variety 
of Maryland white Corn of superior quality, is manufactured on a large 
scale, and meets with a great domestic and export demand. 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. , 135 



SOUTH ST., WOOD ST. and BOWLY'S WHARF, 




MAIN ENTRANCE ON SOUTH STREET. 



S. 8PRIGG BELT, - President. 

J. M. GIRVIN and GEO. F. ANDERSON, Vice Presidents. 

R. M. WYLIE, - - - Treasurer. \ WM. F. WHEAT LEY, - Secretary 

//. F. TURNER, JOHN GILL, A. W. GOLDSBOROUGH. 



•BoAF^p OF DiPn^BCTOI^S FOR iSj^. 

Jas. E. Tyson, Herman Williams, Allen Dorsey, Thos. I. Dail, 
Frank Hersch, Edwin Hewes, Harry McCoy, Geo. P. Williar, 

J. M. GiRviN, Geo. F. Anderson, E. M. Wylie, H. F. Turner. 
John Gill, A.W.Goldsborough, S. Sprigg Belt, 



%\t €ax\\ a«b JIoiU- €Kljang£, of §!altimorc, wa? established in 1853, for the promo- 
tion of the general business of the city, but more particularly for the facilitation of trade in 
Breadstuffs, and the convenience of parties eng.aged therein. Since its establi.shment, having 
grown in the confidence and esteem of the community, it has of necessity attracted many 
associate interests, and has thus become the leading and most influential commercial organization 
in the city. Its usefulness and influence are being constantly extended. Inaugurated in 1853. 
incorporated under general laws in 1855, its charter amended several times, as the wants and 
experience of the trade demanded, it finally received from the State in ISVO, an ample charter, 
giving the Directors more complete control, with power to establish and maintain the highest 
tone of commercial morality. 

The Exchange is governed by a Board of fifteen Directors, elected annually. The Presi- 
dent, Vice Presidents and Treasurer are elected by and from the Board. 

Qualification for membership requires the applicant to be a citizen of the State, engaged 
in business in Baltimore, and election by the Executive Committee. 

The charge for Membership is $50 initiation fee, and $20 yearly subscription. Firms 
cannot become members as such. Each and every individual doing business on the floor, must 
become a member. Clerks are admitted, to transact business only for their employers paying 
the yearly subscription. 

Strangers are admitted by card, upon the introduction of a member. 

The main Hall in the Exchange Building is furnished with tables for the exposition of 
samples, the yearly rental of which is one, two and three dollars, according to size. The 
occupancy of these tables for the grain is sold at public auction ; premiums for the choice 
ranging from $25 to $150. Much excitement prevails at these Annual Sales. 

The roll of membership for the year 1872 contained 464 names. 



136 



The Moukmental City, 




Its Past History akd Present Eesources. 137 

wm. e. woodyear. geo. r. vickers, jr. 

WM. E. WOODYEAR & CO. 

nVEerdiant jMIillers, 

I 'Mount Vernon" Extra Flour, 

High Grade, snitaftle for Shipment to the Tropics, 

CABLE STREET, BALTIMORE. 



ISAAC M. DBNSON". 



JOHN D. QUINCY. 



AND 



GENERAL DEALERS, 

No. 61 Soiitli G-siy St. 



B A LT I M O R E . 

ALSO AGENTS 



ALBERT L. WEBB. B. DEFORD WEBB. 

A^. L. "VVEBB & SON, 



SOLE AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF 



DUPONT'S POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE, 

BALTIMORE. 

Beeeive on Consignment all Kinds of Western Produce, and make Advances thereon. 
9 



138 



The Monumental City, 



Pearl Hominy. 



l|MONG the novel and interesting business features of Baltimore, may be 
l^ mentioned a large Mill for the preparation of Pearl Hominy. But 
recently established, it has rapidly extended its capacity until at present 
2,500 bushels of Corn are daily consumed in its operations. Kiln-Dried 
Pearl Hominy, Grits, Pearl Maizene, Corn Flour, &c., &c., are prepared in 
immense quantities. Corn Flour, a new article when mixed with bread 
made of Wheat Flour, giyes to it additional whiteness, and causes it to retain 
its freshness much longer than that made exclusively of Wheat Flour. The 
articles prepared at this establishment are shipped to different sections of the 
"United States ; and of late a foreign trade has grown up, orders having been 
received from Paris, Liverpool, London and Glasgow. The most flattering 
inducements are offered to purchasers in this market. 

BALTIMORE PEARL HOfflNTca 




'£ 1^^,11 1 Hi f I I'll iiijMm^ 







KILN-DRIED PEARL HOMINY, AND GRITS, PEARL MAIZENE, 

CORN FLOUR, CORN MEAL, AND CHOP. 

ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY. 

WRIGHT'S PATENT BUCKEYE HOMINY MILL, 

North and Belvidere Sts,, Baltimore. 
ITirM. KiyfABE A CO. 

PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURERS, SQUARE, GRAND AND UPRIGHT, 

Ware-Mooms, No, 350 W. JBaltimore St., Baltitnore, 

112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. 



Its Past Histoet and Present Eesources. 139 

Malt. 



VN connection with the extensive manufacture of Lager-Beer in our city 
there are several large establishments for the production of Malt, an 
ingredient which enters largely into the composition of Beer. Six Malt 
Houses are now in operation, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000, 
employing three hundred hands. The principal element used in the manu- 
facture of Malt is barley. This grain is grown upon an extensive scale only 
in Western New York, the Western States, and Canada. 

The establishment of these large Malt Houses, and the consequent demand 
for the grain, has led to efforts on the part of our enterprising agriculturalists 
to produce barley, and the experiments of several have resulted so favorably, 
that they have been encouraged to make other and more persistent efforts. 
The demand for Beer is not likely to decrease. The numerous Breweries 
already established are in a flourishing condition, and others are constantly being 
started. The sales from the Malt establishments sum up probably $5,000,000, 
with a tendency to increase. Some of our capitalists are engaged in the 
business, and the flourishing condition of the trade invites money from abroad. 



Ware-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 

112 FIFTH AVENUE, NENAT YORK CITY. 



Candies and Foreign Frnits. 

§ MOIST Gr the branches of trade which have given impetus to the growth of 
our city, and have decidedly ministered to its importance as a commercial 
^ centre, may be mentioned the trade in Candies and Foreign Fruits. The 
two are so thoroughly joined, that separate consideration of them would 
perhaps be out of place. In 'New York City, specialties seem to be the 
tendency of the trade. One house will import Mediterranean Fruits ; another 
will deal entirely in West Indian goods; while a third will expose for sale 
only the products of the Canton trade. In Baltimore this is not the case. 
Quite a number of large and imposing buildings have been erected by our 
Candy and Fruit dealers, which stand out as conspicuous monuments of the 
enterprise of the firms which constructed them, as well as handsome additions 
to the aesthetic features of our city. Candy, French or American, Mediterra- 
nean Fruits, such as Oranges and Lemons from Sicily, Almonds and Eaisins 
from Malaga, Eaisins from Valencia, Currants, Citron, Figs, Dates, Prunes, 
Sardines, Canton Ginger, Fire-Crackers, &c., &c., can be purchased at any of 
these Houses upon terms as advantageous as are offered by any market in the 



140 



The Monumental City, 



country, with the additional facility to buyers of being able to fill their entire 
order in one large establishment, instead of being compelled to go from one 
House to another, as in other cities, with the cost of drayage, &c. Baltimore 
is entirely independent of any other city in the Candy and Fruit trade. The 
business has increased fourfold within twenty years. Five hundred hands 
are employed, and a capital of more than one million dollars is inTested in 
the business. The facilities which her geographical position and varied 
industries give her in this regard, are such, that the merchants can offer their 
goods at the lowest market prices. Eefined Sugar, which is the ingredient 
in the manufacture of Candies, can be secured at our great Sugar Refineries ; 
and this is the only article used in the production of Candy in Baltimore, as 
no adulteration has ever yet been practiced or detected upon home goods in 
the market. In regard to the Mediterranean Fruit trade, much could be 
said, but our space is limited. The enterprising gentlemen who are connected 
with it, by a series of successful operations, have gradually enlarged their 
business until at present Baltimore can boast of one of the most extensive 
Mediterranean Fruit importing houses in the country. In addition to their 
regular trade in the articles already enumerated, these parties are now 
importing large quantities of Brimstone from Sicily to supply the extensive 
manufactories of Chemicals, Acids and Phosphates in this city. The annual 
consumption of Brimstone for the above purposes in Baltimore, is about five 
chousand tons, all of which it is designed to import direct to this market. 



¥«riLLIA]V[ BRID6KS7 

WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

Foreign Fruits^ Nuts^ Candies, 

HERMETICALLY SEALED FEUITS, 
313 WEST BALTIMORE ST. 

Baltimore, Md. 
CHAS. PRACHT & CO. 

STEAM 





1 Wl W I 



AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



Nos. 155 and 157 Franklin Street, 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 141 

John G. Clarke. William H. Jones. 

CANDT MANUFACTURERS, 



^^W 





AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IK 

FOREIGN FRUITS, NUTS, &c. 

No. IB Light St., Cor. German, 



HI 



142 The Monumental City, 



The Jobbing Trade. 



-vlilHE Jobbing Trade of Baltimore has kept pace with her increasing 
m importance as a commercial and manufacturing city. Its various depart- 
T ments, such as Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Notions, Boots and 
Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothing, Books and Stationery, Queensware, Straw 
Goods and Millinery, Drugs, &c., &c., axe fully up to the standard, and will 
compare favorably with those of any other city in this country. As a general 
rule these departments are in the hands of old and established Houses, whose 
proprietors are among our most highly esteemed and responsible citizens, who 
have been educated to their calling, and whose natural tastes and judgment 
have been strengthened by the experience of a lifetime, and a thorough 
rational application to business. Many branches of the Jobbing Trade not 
enumerated above are successfully conducted in this city: and the number of 
new establishments and branches of old ones, is a clear indication of the pros- 
perity of the Trade, as well as the growth of the City. The stock carried by 
these Houses embraces full supplies from all the best factories in the United 
States, and the choicest selections of goods from foreign countries. The 
Lines of Steamers between this City and the Ports of Europe, furnish facilities 
for the importation of the most desirable goods at lower rates than at any 
other Port. The port charges are lighter, ship supplies cheaper, and the 
difficulties in the way of shipping comparatively trifling. Since the estab- 
lishment of steam communication between Baltimore and Europe, our 
merchants engaged in the Jobbing Trade have displayed an energy and 
enterprise which command admiration. They make regular trips to Great 
Britain, and the continent of Europe for the purchase of goods ; and the 
articles imported are selected under their own inspection. Baltimore is 
largely independent of the Eastern Cities, in her Wholesale Jobbing Trade ; 
and bids fair in a short time to compare favorably with New York, as a 
distributing market. In each department there are Houses contending for 
business, and making of course the most active competition, thus reducing 
prices to minimum rates. Her proximity to the South and West, offers 
inducements to merchants from those sections, which cannot be lightly 
estimated. The trade in Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Clothing, Boots 
and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Millinery Goods and Notions is particularly 
active ; and the rival Houses engaged spare no pains to make their stock as 
full and complete as possible; so that the taste of every section may be 
gratified, and favorable prices assured. The Jobbing Trade, comprehending 
a large number of important interests, necessitates the employment of a vast 



Its Past Histoet akd Present Resources. 



143 



capital, which in this city aggregates many millions of dollars. It is not 
unreasonable to infer, that in the near future Baltimore will become the great 
reservoir of supplies for the entire South, South-West, and many portions of 
the Central- West. Many of the great manufactories of the country haye 
agencies here, selling at factory prices. 

The attractions of Baltimore as a Jobbing centre, are so well-known to the 
local Retail Trade, embracing within itself some of the most intelligent 
dealers in the country, that they are content to buy at home. The closest 
buyers have tried rival markets time and again, without advantage of 
prices or terms. Capital, competition, and a thorough knowledge of busi- 
ness, have accomplished for Baltimore quite as much as for the more 
northern Cities. Our City for the quality and variety of goods, is fully 
equal to New York; and the market will be found always adequate to 
the demand. 

Although Baltimore is not so large a market as New York, it is yet larger 
than New York formerly was, when it commanded the entire trade of the 
country; and sufficiently so, for the general demands of its present trade. 
The merchants, in view of the rapidly augmenting trade, have increased their 
facilities ; and to-day extend all the inducements which can be offered by 
any other city in the country. 



Ohauncey Brooks. 



Isaac Thrasher. 



A •hitisli.ft: 



JOBBERS IN^ 




No. 346 Baltimore Street, 

BALTIMORE. 



144 The Monumental City, 

William Devries. Christian Devries, of S. William R. Devries. Solomon Kinunell. 




Wm. Devries k Co., wholesale Dealers in Foreign & Domestic Dry Goods & Notions, 

312 W. BALTIMORE ST., (Between Howard and Liberty,) BALiTIMORE* 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 145 

SHIPE. CLOUD & CO. 




Wholesale Dealers in 



Foreign 



and 



Domestic 

DRY GOODS 

273 W. Baltimore St. 

BALTI3IORE. 



BRUFF, FAULKNER & GO. 

Successors to BAKER, BRUFF & CO. 
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 

FOREIGN & DOMESTIC 








i?i West Smiilm®!® iiii®@t, 



JOSEPH E. BRUFF. 
ALFRED B. FAULKNER. 



BALTIMORE, 



146 The Monumental City, 



HAMILTON EASTER & SONS, 

BALTiraORS^ 

Importers, Jobbers and Retailers 



OF 



DRY GOODS 



BOTH 




#riigt mh '^$mt$ik 



One of the firm spends most of his time in the Capi- 
tals of Europe, in the selection of Fabrics suited to our 
own and the Southern markets, securing thereby the 
latest novelties of each season. 

We buy and sell exclusively for Cash, and guar- 
antee as low prices as any House in the country. 

Samples of Goods sent by mail on application. 

Freight prepaid on purchases at Retail amounting 
to $20 and over. 



Its Past History astd Present Kesources. 



147 



EST^A-BXilSHEID 184S. 



DANIEL MILLEU &. CO. 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 






#^!^^ 




NOTIONS, 



M.W Mi 



m Moj 



i) 



339 Baltimore Street. 
4=4: Grerman Street. 



SOLE IMPORTERS OF THE CELEBRATED BRAND 

DANIEL MILLEK BLACK ALPACAS 



Special inducements to cash or prompt time Buyers. 



148 



The Monumental City, 



SILK AND DRESS GOODS HOUSE, 



GEORGE H. C. NEAL, 

IMPORTER AND JOBBER OF 



WHITE GOODS, LINENS, SHAWLS, 

DOMESTICS. 
J^ LIVE HOUSE. 

Corner Baltimore and HoUiday Streets, 



txiS,! 



!« 



Business Established 1816. 



CHAS. SIMON & SONS, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 






m:^ 



ooo^ 



No. 63 NORTH HOWARD STREET, 

CHAS. SIMON. HERMAN SIMON. ADOLPH SIMON. EDMUND SIMON. AUGUST SIMON. 



W. B. Perkins. 



Samuel BeTan. 



PEHKIINTS & CO. 

22 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, 

FAMILY DRY GOODS HOUSE 

OfiFer, at low prices, a large stock of 

Ladies' Dress Good, Shawls, Velvets, Real Laces, Embroideries, 
r .White Goods, Mourning Goods, Irish Linens, Hosiery, 

Gloves, Housekeeping Dry Goods, Men's Wear, 

E X. E G- -A. 3Sr T r .A. 3Sr C -52- -A. E, T I C Ij E S . 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 149 



EST-A-BLISHEX) IKT ISSr. 



Samviel Bevan. Wm. A. Williar. Edgar G. Miller. 



IMPORTEES AND JOBBERS IN 

eif mum t lofioii 

279 Baltimore Street, 

Baltiinore, 



MAYER & BROTHER, 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 

German, English and French Fancy Goods, 

101 lois 411 f iiimiiii, 

Wo. 4 NORTH HOWARD STREET, 

Baltimof^e. 

TAYLOR & PRICE, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

SWISS, FRENCH AND NOTTINGHAM CURTAINS, 

UPHOLSTERY GOODS, 

Curtains and Windo-w Shades, 

ALL KIND CABINET MAKERS' MATEEIALS, 
No. 11 North Charles Street, 

B-ALTIJVEOHE. 



150 



The Monumental City, 



ESTABLISELBD IN 1846. 



HODGES BROTHERS 

S3 Hanover Street, 




White Goods, Handkerchiefs, Shawls, 
Laces, Hosiery, Underwear, 
Gloves, Umbrellas 
^Idi and Parasols, 

Together with a large and well assorted stock of 

fientlemen's Furnisliiiig Gfoods 

AND NOTIONS GENERALLY. 



One of our firm, haying made purchasing trips to Europe, semi-annually 
for nineteen years, and buying all our domestic goods foY cash, we have great 
confidence in assuring the Trade that our Foreign and American business is 
on a footing that defies competition. Merchants, not dealing with us, are 
invited to make our acquaintance when they next visit Baltimore. Our stock 
can be examined without much labor, as the use of steam elevators renders 
the ascent of staircases unnecessary. 



151 



Its Past History akd Presekt Kesoueces. 

HURST, FDRNELL & CO. 

Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 

American, English, German and French 



No. 241 Baltimore Street, 



J E. HURST, 
L.B. PURNELL, 
A. MADDUX, 
L. L. JACKSOX. 



BALTiraORB. 



JOHNSON, SDTTON & GO. 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 





lilliiliilliM 



No. 296 Baltimore Street, 

AJfD 

No. 1 N. Liberty Street, 
BA.LTIM:OIiE:. 



Offer special advantages to cash and short time buyers. 



162 



The Monumental City, 





aw 





Will 




IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

WHITE GOODS, NOTIONS, 
TRIMMINGS, HOSIERY, 

GLOVES and SMALL WARES, 

268 W. Baltimore Street, 

BAIaTimORXS. 





mmw 



MANUFACTURERS AGENTS FOR AND IMPORTERS OF 

H # f I # 




White Goods, 






s^jn 



S. H. BROSIUS. 



SILAS BROSIUS 



315 BALTIMOEE. STREET, 

A.W.FITZHUGH. S. B.HOOPMAN. 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 153 

ESTABlilSIIED 18«. 

IMPORTERS, 

W. MALLINCKRODT & SON, 

BALTIMORE, 



OF 



Cloths, Doeskins and Cassimeres. 

Robert Moore & Bro. 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OP 






'j^mi>^^^^^ 



imw 



^j' 



No. 233 BALTIMORE STREET, 
BALTIMORE. 



JOHN A. GRIFFITH & CO. 

Importers and Manufacturers of 

If 



\\ 






Baltimore, 24:9 W. Baltimore Street, 
Cincinnati, cor. Fourth and Walnut Sts, 



Henry Bo^ae- 



Robt. H. Bo^ne. 



N. E. cor. Charles & Baltimore Sts. 
BALTIMORE, 



^4 Sixth Street, 
PITTSBURGH, 



IMPORTERS OF 



Cloths, Doeskins, Worsted Serges, Drapd' Etes, 

SILK SERGES & SATINS DE CHINES, VELVETS, ITALIANS, 
-A-nd all Kinds of Tailors' TrirriTniiigs. 



154 




The Monumental City, 

ITirra. p. MAGES, 

No. 60 North Eutaw St., Baltimore, 

IMPORTER OP 

LIN^ElSrS, HOSIERY, 

AND 

GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Shirts, Cuffs, Collars, Drawers and Undershirts. 

TO ORDER OR READY MADE. STEAM MADE BOSOMS. 



Great Inducements to Wholesale Trade, 



H 



Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in 

Saddlery Hardware & Coach Furniture 

OILS, PAINTS, VARNISHES, IRON AND STEEL, 
SOUSE COVERS, LAJP BUGS AND FLY NETS, 



DEPOT AND BALTIMORE AGENTS FOR 

Henry's Patent One Plate Springs, 

Sheldon's Archimedian Axles, 

Brinton & Johnson's Philadelphia Axle Works, 

Burdick's Punch, Shear and Iron Shrinker, 
Taylorville Spoke Works, 

Saddle Trees, Bits,Stirups &c., 

Dolls' Hub Boxing Machines and Drills, Bellow's Patent Greasers and 
Trace Raisers, Per kin's Patent Hair Beaters, Seitzes' Baltimore 
Wagon Hames, Manheim's Pressed Harness Loops, 
Wilcox & Smith's 5th Wheels and Shackles. 

558 JBaltifnore Street, between Moward and Eutaw, 



ALLEN PAINE, SON & CO. 

■niPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



1 



I 



H 



IRON AND STEEL, 

No. 2 SOUTH LIBERTY STREET, 

B-A. 3L. T I IS/O: O E, E . 



Its Past Histoey and Peesent Eesoueces. 

R. B. PORTER & SON, 

DEALERS IN 



155 



prnv m.i 



i 



'f 



R. B. PORTER. 
B. B. PORTER. 



41 S. CHARLES ST. 

Baltimore! 



POULTNEY, TRIMBLE & CO. 

I.nPORTEUS 



FOREIGN FANCY GOODS, 

200 W, BALTI3IOBE ST. 



N. G-, Penniman. 
XH'ancis Albert. 



•Tohn B. Daniel. | J. F. Oarlin. D. C. Fulton. J. F. Bradenbaugh. 

•/. A. ClarJfsoti. 



PENNIMAN & BRO. 

Importers & Wholesale Dealers 



Oarlin & Fulton 



IMPORTERS OF 



FOREIGN 



1^ 



DOMESTIC i^iaa 



Oi 



P) 



iartliitari? ^ 



NO. 10 NORTH HOWARD ST., 

BALTIMORE. 



M 




Special Attention <«iven to Orders. 



156 The Monumental City, 

HARDWARE 

COMMISSION HOUSE 








Nos. 23 and 25 South Charles Street, 

ManufactiLrers' Agents for the Sale of 

Chesapeake Nail Works' Best Cut Nails and Spikes, 

Mallory, Wheeler & Co.'s Locks, Knobs and Pad-Locks, 
Stanley Eule and Level Co.'s Rules, Levels, Squares, &c. 
E. Mann's Superior Axes, 
American Butt Co.'s Hinges, &c. 

Naylor & Co.'s Best Cast Steel, 
Newton Nail Rods, 
Plymouth Tack Co.'s Tacks and Nails, 

Savory's Enamelled and Tinned Ware. 

ALSO HEADQUARTERS FOR 

American Screw Company's Screws, 

Disston's Saws, 

Ames & Rowland's Shovels and Spades, 

Moss & Gamble's Files, 

Baltimore Standard Blacksmiths' Bellows, 

Stewart's Iron Wire and Galvanized Wire, 
Ohio Tool Co.'s Planes, 

AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF 

AMERICAN HARDWARE. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 



157 



SAM'L G. B. COOK, 

Hardware Manufacturers' Agent, 

Representing the following Manufacturers: 



Branford Lock Works, 

Door Locks, Knobs, &c. 

A. Field & Sons, 

Tacks, Shoe Nails, etc. 

Sanseer Mfg. Go's Plate Locks, 

Roy & Co's Wrought 
Hinges. 

Clark's, Lull & Por- 
ter's, and Huffer's 
Pat. Blind Hinges. 

Chattillon's Balances 

United States Screw 

Douglass Manufac'g Co's 

Chisels, Gauges, Drawing 
Knives, Augers, Bitts, Gim- 
blets. Boring Machines, etc. 

Cook's Patent Augers & Bitts. 

Chapin's 

Rules, Levels, Gauges, &c. 

Bridgeport Brass Co's 

Sheet Brass, Copper Wire, 
Copper and Iron Rivets. 



Carr, Crawley & Devlin, 

Building & Cabinet Hardware. 

William McNiece, 

Hand, Panel, Rip & other Saws. 

Abbe's Gong Door Bells. 

Peck Bros. Brass 

Cocks. 
Fenn's Faucets and 

Cork Stops. 
Mersereau's Stair 

Rods. 

Co's American Screws. 

! Ives & Co's 

I Patent Hollow Augers, Tap 

Borers, Braces, Augers 

and Bitts. 

"Continental" & "Great Amer- 
ican" Horse Nails. 

"a No. 1 Anchor" Sad Irons. 
Hartje, Wiley & Co's 
Enamelled Kettles and Sauce- 
pans. 

C. S. Planters' Hoes. 




AND A FULL ASSORTMENT OP 

Shelf and Heavy HardiTirare 

FOR SALE AT MANUFACTURERS' PRICES. 



158 The Monumental City, Its Past Histoey, Etc. 

T^YLOH'S 

HATS, FURS AND UMBRELLAS, 

Opposite Barmim's Hotel, 

R. Q. TAYLOR, 

WM. W. PRETZMAN, TO iB^ ¥ WlflMf AT®1P 

G. E. S. LANSDOWNE. JP^iyi 1 SM wUSs 



Millinery. 



I 



HE Millinery business of Baltimore is one of her leading industries. In 
addition to the domestic goods manufactured in this city, and other sec- 
tions of the United States, large quantities of the choicest goods are 
imported from abroad for this market. The largest House in the country, 
and perhaps the oldest, is located in this city. It was established in 1813, 
and by enterprise and prudence, has developed into its present proportions. 
The Firm occupies four buildings, two as warehouses and two for the trans- 
action of its daily business. The clerical force of the establishment numbers 
seventy-two persons, in addition to which, seventy females are employed (in 
the Work Eooms) in the manufacture of Millinery. White Goods, an interest 
which is largely represented in many of our leading .Jobbing Houses, has 
been made an especial feature of their business. In connection with .this 
Establishment, is a Firm, engaged Extensively in the manufacture of Ladies' 
Hats, &c. These hats are made exclusively for the Millinery Establishment 
mentioned above, and during the months of March, April, May, June, Sep- 
tember, and October, one hundred females are constantly engaged in their 
manufacture. It will thus be seen that a single establishment in our city for 
the manufacture and sale of Millinery, and the sale of White Goods, gives 
employment during the greater portion of the year to two hundred and fifty 
persons. Their importations are very large ; two Buyers, one for the White 
Goods Department, and the other for the Milliner}'-, being employed for the 
selection and purchase of foreign goods ; and only such as are superior in 
quality and design to those manufactured in our own country are offered to 
the Trade in this city. The Southern trade with Baltimore in this branch of 
Industry is very great; Avhile of late years, extensive connections have been 
formed with the West, and a heavy business is done in the States of Ohio, 
Indiana, Kentucky, Kansas, and Missouri. 




IMPORTERS ABfD MAafCFACTURERS 



Ribbons, Millinery and Straw Goods, White Goods, 

LINENS, LAOES, EMBROIDEEIES, HANDKERCHIEFS, &c. 

Orders solicited and promptly executed. 

237 & 239 BALTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE. 




Wwu. D» Barrett 



Jesse T. Higrg^liu. 

BARRBTT 6^ HIGGIItfS;, 

MANUFACTOflERS AND JOBBERS OF 

HATS, CAPS, STRAW GOODS AND LADIES' PURS, 

244 West Baltimore Street, BALTIMORE. 



The MoifUMENTAL City, Its Past History, Etc. 161 

The Shoe and Leather Trade. 



fHE Shoe and Leather Trade of Baltimore is one of immense and daily 
increasing importance. Few persons in our midst are aware of its mag- 
nitude. It is authoritatively stated, that this interest is the largest after 
that of Agriculture, in America; the exhibit of official statistics placing it 
thirty- three per centum above those of cotton and wool combined. For many 
years New England, comparatively speaking, monopolized the trade in this 
country, and of late years Philadelphia acquired quite a reputation for fine 
work, in so much, that Southern and Western buyers were attracted to that 
city, to make their purchases of fancy goods. The Trade has recently under- 
gone a very decided change in this regard. Tanneries have multiplied rapidly 
in Maryland, and factories for the manipulation of their products, have in- 
creased in corresponding ratio in our city. The Line of Steamers established 
between this Port and Boston, and known as the " Boston and Baltimore 
Steamship Company," has had much to do with this rapid increase in the 
trade; but the sagacity and energy of the gentlemen who have embraced this 
branch of business, have been the main springs of its prosperity. There are 
at present in Baltimore twenty-six wholesale Manufactories, working thirty- 
one McKay machines, each machine making from two hundred and fifty to 
three hundred pairs of Shoes per day, and arrangements are now being made to 
organize several new factories on a large scale. During the past year, great 
improvements have been made in the style and quality of the goods manufac- 
tured here. Southern and Western buyers need no longer go to Philadelphia, 
to obtain their supplies. As fine and stylish Shoes are made in Baltimore, as 
can be produced anywhere in the country ; and this fact has come to the 
knowledge of the trade throughout the South and West, who are already dis- 
playing an appreciation of it, by resorting to this market to make their 
purchases. The terms obtained here, are as favorable as can be secured 
anywhere else in America. As an evidence of the solid growth of the trade, 
it may be as well to mention, that not a single failure has ever occurred 
among the manufacturers, and those who have begun with small capital, and 
very meagre stock, have been encouraged to enlarge their sphere of operations, 
and enter into competition with old and established Houses. About three 
years ago the Baltimore Shoe and Leather Board of Trade was established, 
and its influence has been very beneficial to the gi-owth of this branch of 
industry. It has endeavored to bring about a proper state of feeling between 
the laborer and capitalist, and ward off the strikes, so destructive to the true 
interests of any business, and in the main it has been successful. The officers 
of the Shoe and Leather Association are as follows: President, Henry C. 
Smith ; Vice Presidents, Jas Carey, Geo. J. Appold, T. J . Magruder, Wm. F. 
Larrabee; Recording Secretary, E. S. Allnutt; Corresponding Secretary, 
Arthur P. Baer ; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dixon. 



162 Thb Monumental City, 

The manufacture of Boots and Shoes gives employment to at least four 
thousand persons, the average weekly salary being $22 for men, and $12 for 
women and girls. The Rubber trade, a branch of the Shoe business, has 
assumed large proportions. From a statement of the President of the 
Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, we give the following statistics for 1872: 

Sales of boots and shoes by jobbers and retailers $8,500,000 

Rubbers sold 500,000 

Manufacturers 6,600,000 

Auction sales 500,000 

$16,100,000 

Sales of leather about 3,000,000 

Sales of hides..... 1,256,000 



$20,356,000 

Most of the Leather (over two-thirds of the hides) is tanned in Maryland, 
and one-third is consumed by the factories of Baltimore, while a very large 
amount is exported to New York city, Philadelphia, Rochester and other 
places. 

The rapid growth of the trade, made necessary about two years ago the 
addition by the Baltimore and Boston Steamship Company, of another first- 
class Steamer to their Line, making in all six fine Steamers plying between 
this Port and Boston ; and these having been found insufficient to accomodate 
the rapidly increasing trade between these two Ports, another splendid 
Steamer has been ordered, and will be ready for the line by the first of Sep- 
tember, 1873. As was said above, the gentlemen engaged in this branch of 
business by their high character, and substantial position in the community, 
are a sufficient guarantee to purchasers from abroad, that they will receive 
here, what they buy, and at prices which compare favorably with those else- 
where offered. 



TUCKER, SMITH & CO. 

Manufacturers and "Wholesale Dealers in 




tl 



W. A. TUCKER, 
H. C. SMITH, 
S. B. SPKAGINS. 



2S0 Baltimore street, 

BALiTIlYIORi:. 



Its Past History and Peesent Eesources. 



163 




164 The Monumental City, 

DEVRIES, TOUNG & GO. 

WILLIAM nLVMIJES, 
ALBXANDBM YOVNG, 
S. K. G. DEVRIES, 

BOOTS AND SHOES 

310 W. Baltimore Street, 

BALTIMORE, MD. 

We invite the Trade to an examination of our stock, which consists 
principally of warranted work, made by best factories at home and abroad. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. 



CHAUNCEY BROOKS. WILLIAM F. OLAUTICE. 

DAVID G. ROGERS. ADORAM PHELPS. 

BEOOES, ROGERS & CO. 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



<i<iiM m nt 




f 




346 BALTIMORE ST. 

Baltimore. 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 165 

JNO. J. & S. J. HURST, 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



286 ^w. b^i.tim:oiie street, 

Nearly Opposite Sbarp Street, jDPxl.lji XTXlYEOXmifSB 

FRANK F. HORNER & GO. 

HUBBER aOODS, ETC. 
343 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md, 

PERRY, CLARK~& CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

WOMEN'S, MISSES' & CHILDREN'S 

Machine and Hand-Made Shoes. 

With capacity and facilities for making One Thousand pairs of Shoes daily, we are enabled 

to fill orders promptly. 

E ST-A-BLISHEID I KT 184S, 

Thirty years' practical experience enables us to produce Stylish, Substantial Goods, that will 
give satisfaction to the consumer, and reputation to the dealer. 

PEBRY, CLABK & CO., 9 JV. Charles St., Baltimore. 

RUSSELL & ALGER, 

manufacturers and WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



iglllBol 
^3 



No. 25 SOUTH HOWARD ST., (New Building,) 



BENJAMIN RUSSELL, i „ , „ , 

P. R. ALGER 1 "^"'^r*' Partners, 

JAMES A. GARY, Special Partner. 



166 



The Monumental City, 
Ij-a.t?,i?,a.bee's block:. 




E. LAERAEEE &. SOITS, 

m 



WUOIjESJIIjJE 









AND 



f 



JSO, 20 S, CALVEBT STREET, 

BAIif 



^W'. 





Its Past History and Present Resources. 167 

john d. hammond. henry a. anthony. 

JOHN D. HAMMOND & CO. 

SADDLE, HARNESS, TRUNK 

AND 

Collar Manufacturers, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

361 West Baltimore Street, 

(Opposite the "Eutaw House,") 

B -A. Ij T I ls<fl: O IR E . 

ROBT. I«A'«rSON «£ GO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

SADDLES, HARNESS, TRUNKS & COLLARS, 

ALSO, DEALERS IN 

Eobes, Horse Covers, Whips, Traveling Bags, &c. 

N. B. — We are largely engaged in manufacturing 

BUaaY SADDLES. 

No. 277 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 

219 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers' Agent, Importer and Dealer in 



Of every description. Also, 



m%m 



^ 



Cotton and Yfoolen Factory Supplies. Lieatlicr and Itiibber Machine Belting 
Hose and Packing, Patent Lace Lieather, Rubber Boots. Shoes and 
€lothin$f, Elastic Stoclcin^s and Knee-Caps, En;^Iish Table 
Oil Cloths, Fnibrellas. Trunks and Traveiin;;: Bags. 



J. C. BALDBRSTOX. 



J. H. WARD. 



BALDERSTON, WARD & CO. 



.TIOML Ml 



AGENTS 

1,1 »11»» 

"MeCREERY BUILDING," 

B al timor e. 



168 The Monumental City, 

Maryland Life Insurance Co. 



No, 10 Sonth Street, Baltimore. 



Paper. 



§MO]SrG- the many interests that have rapidly developed of late years in our 
city, may be mentioned the manufacture and sale of Paper. Fifteen years 
> ago but one or two paper-mills were in operation in the State, while 
|200,000 would probably have covered the capital invested in its production 
and sale. To-day the capital employed in this branch of industry, will not 
fall far short of $4,000,000, and the gentlemen engaged in it are among our 
most substantial and reliable citizens. Numbers of mills have been established 
along the streams accessible from Baltimore. Large numbers of operatives 
are employed, and nearly all the different varieties of paper known to the 
Trade, are manufactured as cheaply and of as good quality as at any similar 
establishments in the country. In fact, with the exception of the finest kinds 
of writing paper, paper of any grade manufactured in our own State, can be 
bought in Balimore at as low prices as in any city in America, and the large 
wholesale dealers are ready to guarantee the statement. Straw wrapping 
Paper that originally came exclusively from New York is now manufactured 
in such quantities by our wholesale dealers, as to render the home market 
entirely independent. Straw-Print, Kag-Print, No. 2 Book, No. 1 Super, are 
all staple productions of the mills; and several large establishments are now 
engaged in the manufacture of bogus Manilla and No. 1 Manilla. In the 
single article of Printing-paper, upwards of 50,000 pounds are manufactured' 
daily in this State. Indeed in the manufacture of Book and Printing paper. 
New York is made to pay tribute to our city. The mills engaged in supplying 
the wholesale dealers in Baltimore, are extensive, and fitted with the most 
costly and thoroughly improved modern machinery. They are located upon 
streams immediately adjacent to the different lines of Eailroad leading to the 
city. The location of Baltimore is favorable to an indefinite expansion of 
their numbers, as the demands of the trade increase. For the finer grades of 
Writing-paper, agencies are established in this city by the manufacturers, and 
such goods can be purchased here at factory prices. Paper is now sent from 
Baltimore to all parts of the country, and the limits of the trade are enlarging 
every day. 

In addition to the above, the finest classes of French and German Paper 
are imported to this city, and distributed to all sections of the United 
States. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 169 

paper of eveky descriptiobt made to order. 



DAVID "W. GLASS. 



MARCUS W. WOLF. 



DAXriD W. GLASS & CO. 

:e>:eio:e*tixibtcd:rs, bi^a-Istids, 

CONaEESS, CAPITOL, OLD DOMINION AND MONUMENTAL MILLS 



7, 9 «fc 11 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE. 

128 N. FEONT STEEET, PHILADELPHIA. All orders addressed to Baltimore, receive prompt attention. 



J. WHEELWRIGHT. 



G. A. DOBLER. 



E. T. MUDGE. 



WHEELWRIGHT, MUDGE & CO. 

IB A 



■WHOLES.A.Tl.E 



AND MANUFACTURERS OF 

BOOK AND HSlTirS PAPBR^ 

ALL ORADES, SIZED AND UNSIZED, 

S. E. Corner Sharp and Lombard Sts., Baltimore. 



JOHN A. DUSHANE, 

MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN 

Of Every Description, 

No. 40 Soiatli Charles St., Baltimore. 

.-•-.— 



JOHN GUSHING. 



JACOB H. MEDAIRY. 



CUSHINa & MEDAIRY, 




JSTo. 6 jv: HOW Ann street, 

Opposite the Howard House, IB A.IjTIM]0!RE1. 

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO* ORDER IN ANY STYLE. 

11 



170 



The Monumental City, 



WM. J. C. DULANY & CO 



WHOLESALE JOBBEES IN 




ftiiiite 




AND ALL KINDS OF 

WRITING AND WRAPPING PAPERS, 

332 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE. 



SOLE PEOPRIETOES OF THE CELEBEATED 






Put up in handsomely Lithographed Boxes (Six to the Gross.) The most 
desirable Pen to Eetail yet manufactured. 
A handsome Lithographic Picture of General Lee accompanies each Gross. 



PUBLISHERS OF THK NEW 

School History of the United States, 

JBT 

J. S. BLACKBURN and W. N. McDONALD, 

Principal Alexandria High School, Va. Principal Male High School, Louisville, Ky. 

One Volume, 12mo, 510 pp., Cloth, |1.75. 
AND 

BIiACKBrR]!ir & HcDOXAIiD'S 

GRAMMAR SCHOOL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

One Volume, 12mo, 225 pp., Cloth, |1.25. 

These Boohs are largely used in the Puhlic Schools, and many of the lest 
Private Schools in the United States. 

LIBEKAL TERMS FOR INTRODUCTION. 



1 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 



171 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK DEPOSITORY, 

122 W. FAYETTE STREET, BALTIMORE. 

Have constantly on hand a large and varied Block of 

THEOLOGICAL 
Sunday School Library 




The JOatest and Best from all the Publishers, 

BIBLES, HYMN BOOKS, 
POCKET BOOKS, 

ALBUMS, CHROMOS, 

French, English & American Stationery, 

MUSIC, RKWARDS, REQUISITES, 

Church and Sunday School Papers, 

Kverything, in fact, necessary for the complete outfit of 
the Sunday School and the Church. We guarantee satis- 
faction and furnish all. the above at New York prices. 
Address, 

D. H. CARROLL, Agent. 




TuRNBULL Brothers, 

8 JV, CSAMLBS ST, 
B ^ L T I M: O R E , 

Importers^ Publishers, Booksellers & Stationers 

Dealers in Books in Every Department of Literature, 
Publishers of Standard Works, 
Importers of Fine Stationery, 

Manufacturers of Blank Books and Commercial Stationery. 
ijiTHOC3-i?,-A.Fia:insrc3- a. sfeci-a.lt-2'. 

Check Books, Drafts, &'c., Neatly Executed, 

Our House is represented abroad by skillful and experienced buyers, who 
keep us constantly supplied with tbe choicest and most elegant works of the 
Foreign Press. 

Our facilities for furnishing PUBLIC LIBRARIES 
are unsurpassed, and our prices are the lowest. 
Correspondence solicited. 



172 



The MoifUMENTAL City, 



CUSHINGS & BAILEY, 

Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers, 

No. 262 Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 



BOOKS. 

Keep constantly on liand a large stock of Books, embracing 

School Books, Law Books, Medical Books, 

Scientific Books, Agricultiaral Books, Theological Books, 

Miscellaneous Books, Bibles, Prayer Books, 

Hymn Books of every Denomination, 

Children's Books, Toy Books. 

STATIONERY, 

For Dealers, Banks, Insurance Companies, Counting 

Houses, Associations, JVewspaper Offices, Printers, 

Binders, Laivyers, Physicians, Clergymen, 

Brohers, Schools, Families, Rail Roads, 



Papers, Envelopes, 

Lead Pencils, 

Slates and Slate Pencils, 

Inks, Inkstands, 

Paper Weights, 

Eulers, 

Erasers, 

Penknives, 

Portfolios, 

Pens, Clips, 

Mathemat'l Instruments, 

Cash Boxes, 



INCIiUDING 

Post Office Boxes, 
Bill Head Boxes, 
Eeference Files, 
Copying Presses, 
Copying Books, 
Copying Brushes, 
Oil Paper, 
Blotting Paper, 
Pocket Books, Games, 
Photograph Albums, 
Newspaper Files, 
Calendars, 



Memorandum Books, 
Pass Books, Twine, 
Pen Holders, 
Copy Books, 
Books of Notes, 
Drafts, Checks, 
Mucilage, Sealing Wax, 
Tags, Wrapping Papers, 
Diaries, Shears, 
Stamping Machines, 
Check Cancellers, 
&c., &c., &c. 



BLANK BOOKS OF EVERY SIZE, QUALITY AND BINDING. 



Its Past History a^-d Presekt Eesoueoes. 173 

PAPER, STATIONERY, &c. 



Blank Book Manufactory. 




S25 JBALTISIOBE STREET, 

S. W. eor. Baltimore and Howard Sts., 



BALTIMORE. 

Keep on hand a large and well assorted stock of 

Cap, Letter, Note, Legal and Wrapping Papers, 

BONNET BOARDS, WINDOW SHADES, 

|ufes, |lates, |tccl |ens, |enctls, ^q\\s %t\\% 

And every yariety of Stationery for Counting-Eooms and Country Merchants. 

RAGS pnrcliased for cash or exchang^cd for Goods. 

JoHK M. Miller. Hiram D. Musselma^t. 

THE BALTIMORE NEWS CO. 

SUN IRON BUILDING, ) o i r rTTiTAnn 

Oor. Baltimore and South Streets, / l>ALlllVlUKri. 

Wholesale and Eetail Dealers in all articles which form the 

Booksellers', Stationers' and News Dealers' Stock. 

■ • » » 

We keep on hand a full line of the Publications of all the Kew York, Boston 
and Philadelphia Houses, and sell at Publishers' lowest prices. 

STATIONERY GOODS.— A full stock always on hand, including Pavers, 
Pens Iiiks, Pen Holders, Lead and 8late Pencils, Blanh Boohs, Playing 
Cards, Envelopes Slates, Toy Books, Games, Albums, Portfolios, Writing 
Desks, and all the New Novelties, &c., &c. •/ ' y 

INITIAL PAPERS a Specialty. 

. Trade List, containing lists of NEWSPAPEES, MAGAZINES, and other 
mtornjation of value to Dealers sent free on application. Send your orders to 

The Baltimore News Co. 

Sun Iron Building, Baltimore, 




161 W. BALTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE. 

SOUTHERNDEPOT FOE 

BANK. RAILROAD AND OFFICE STATIONERY 




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DC 
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ie kqd quklity of wofk. S<^tiir\kte^ dlieeffuUy lA^de. ^ 

SEND for CATALOGUE and SAMPLES of WORK. 





The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 175 

I® 

Printers^ Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers 

174 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE. 
S<»BBers anb Setailers of §thool anb ftiscelkncous Socks. 

BOOK AND JOB PRINTING IN ALlItS BRANCHES. 

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER IN THE BEST MANNER. 

PUBLISHERS OF 

Jewell & Creery's Series of Spellers and Readers^ 

Used in the Public Schools of Baltimore City. 

Jrving^s Series of School Catechisms. 

Gen. F, S, Smith's Series of 3Iatheniatical Books, 

Used in the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. 

THB GATHOLilG MIRROR^ 

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A First-Class Family Newspaper Published every Saturday. 

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Any Book, no matter tchere published, if to be had, can be procured by ordering from 

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PEMBROKE SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND YOUNG MEN, 

Nos. 187, 189 & 191 MADISON AVENUE, BALTIMORE, 

A SELECT 



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Advantages and Accommodations for Boarding and Day Students Unequalled. 

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For CIRCULARS, with Details and References, apply as above. 

Artists', Drawing and Wax Flower Materials. 

KELLINCER & CO. 

No. 6 WOBTS CMABLBS STREET, BALTIMORE, 

Keep in stock a large and complete assortment of 

Artists', Drawing, Gilders', Grainers,' Frescoers, Coach & Sign Painters' Materials 

OF BEST MAKES. 
OIL PAINTINGS, ENGRAVINGS, CHROMOS, LITHOGRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS 

IN LARGE VARIETY. 

Wax Flower Materials, French Glass Shades, 

Decalcomania or Transfer Pictures. 

All of which are offered to the trade at lowest prices, and all orders shall have prompt attention. 



176 The Montjmektal City, 

Paper Bags. 

fHE manufacture of Paper Bags is of recent origin. Only a few years 
ago tliey were unknown, and dealers seemed content to wrap their goods 
and wares in the old-fashioned paper bundles. But American genius, 
which contemplates convenience, as well as principles of science and me- 
chanics, applied itself to the comfort of store-keepers and customers, with 
complete success. The Paper Bag now universally used, is an indispensable 
requisite to the business, and the economy of home. The most perfect Bag 
in use, is the invention of an American Lady. The machine which cuts, pre- 
pares, folds, and pastes the bag with the square ends is her invention; for 
which she should receive the daily thanks of sellers and buyers. 

All articles designed for shipment or transportation, or home consumption, 
are packed neatly in appropriate bags; hence their manufacture has become a 
very extensive interest, and some of our largest Houses have made a specialty 
of them, with an invested capital of upwards of $250,000. The demand for 
them increases proportionately with growth of business, and during the past 
year we manufactured about one hundred millions, the sales of which amounted 
to $400,000, requiring about 800 tons of paper. A large portion of these 
Avere shipped to New York ; and great quantities sold to the South and West, 
besides those used at home. On account of the great facilities which Balti- 
more possesses for the manufacture of Paper, and Paper-Bags, its Paper 
mills, which line' the never failing streams of Maryland, its exhaustless stores 
of raw-material, and the cheapness of labor, render it the best market for 
the supply of this indisxoen sable Paper Package. 



Cotton. 



|HE Cotton Trade of Baltimore, is a growing interest. For many years, 
little was done in this great Staple, but the increased facilities for ship- 
ment to this Port, the enterprise and thrift of the men engaged in the 
trade, and the admirable system of warehouse storage recently introduced, 
have given an impetus to the Cotton business which promises to make it a 
very powerful auxiliary to the commercial prosperity of our city. A Cotton 
Exchange has lately been established, which publishes a daily Market State- 
ment, and in many ways facilitates trade in this important branch of industry. 
Its officers are Messrs. George P. Tiffany, President; Geo. E. Gaither Jr., 
Vice-President; Jos. S. Whedbee, Treasurer; Fred'k. G. Whelan, Secretary; 
and its members are gentlemen of the highest standing and excellence in the 
community. The receipts of Cotton for the present year have greatly 
exceeded those of any similar period in the past ; and the demand for expor- 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 



177 



tation, and for home consumption, by the immense factories in and around 
our city for the manufacture of Cotton Duck and the lighter Cotton goods, 
leaves no doubt of the very rapid increase of the trade in the future. The 
system of warehouse storage established in 1867 under a charter from 
the State of Maryland by a number of our leading capitalists, is superior 
perhaps in perfection of detail and security, to that of any city 
in the country. Some of our leading merchants are engaged in the 
Cotton business, and they can now advance money on consignments with 
security to themselves, and their patrons. AVhen tlie Cotton reaches this port, 
it can be stored at comparatively little expense iii the vast reservoirs of the 
Company, where it may remain for a mere triHe, until a favorable opportunity 
offers for its disposal. In the meantime cotton-certificates are issued by the 
Baltimore Warehouse Company, incorporated 1867, which can be transferred 
as other negotiable securities. The capital of the company is $1,000,000, and 
the flattering auspices under which it was inaugurated leaves no doubt of its 
success in the future and its benefiicial influence upon the Cotton trade of our 
city. In connection Avitli the Cotton trade of Baltimore, a Cotton-Press has 
been established, with all the modern improvements in machinery, and with 
a capacity sufficient to accommodate the wants of the trade for many years to 
come. From data before us and for reasons which have been repeatedly urged, 
we think it safe to say, that Baltimore is destined in the future to become one 
of the great Cotton marts of the world. 



EDTTD. T. NORHTS. 



SVMMEMFIET.!) TtAT.DWIN, 



WAEHEN COTTON MILLS, WAHBEN, BALTIMORE COUNTY, MD. 




NORRIS & BALDWIN, AGENTS, DRY GOODS COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

IsTO- S8 SHA^IRI^ STREET, B-A-XiTIlivIOI^E. 



178 The Monumental City, 

ALBERTON COTTON MILLS, 



Iff 



w 
MANUFACTUKEItS OF THE WELL KNOWN 

Alberton Standard 
SHEETINGS and DRILLS. 

Alberton and Kentucky 7-8 and 4-4 
OSNABURGS. 

Alberton and Sagouan 28, 36 and 40 inch 

TWILLS. 

Western Star 29 and 40 inch 

DUCK, 

For Tents and Wagon Covers. 

Baltimore 28i inch 
DUCK. 

Alberton 40 inch Striped 
BAGGING. 

Alberton Blue and Brown 
DENIMS. 

Alberton Blue, Green and Fancy Colors, 
AWNING STRIPES. 

Cotton Warps, Carpet Chains, &c. 

OFFICES, 24 GSRMAIff STRSET^ 

BALTIMORE. 



Its Past Histoey and Present Kesources. 




180 The Moi^umental City, 

SAVAGE MANUFACTURING CO. 

HOWARD COUNTY, MD. 

Owners, WM. H. BALDWIN, JR. & CO. 



Selling Agents, WOODWARD, BALDWIN & C0.{;^"" y*"^^' 

Taurel manufacturing CO. 

LA^UREL, FRINGE GEORGE'S GOUNTY, MD. 

GEORGE P. TIFFANY, President. ^qo-j dhson Suoerin't 
EDWARD TIFFANY, Secretary. ^^^ ^ l^lLbUN, buperin t 

LAUEEL D 4-4 STAINED AED SHEETINGS, 
Do. H 4-4 MEDIUM Do. 



CHASE, STEWART & CO., Baltimore ami New York Selling Agents. 



Cotton Duck. 



MeIOE to 1839 all or nearly all the Cotton Duck manufactured in this 
M country was made by the Passaic and Phcenix Mills in Paterson, New 
W' Jersey, and the exorbitant prices demanded by these monopolists, did 
much to check the trade in this article. To-day, two-thirds of the Duck made 
in the United States is manufactured in the vicinity of Baltimore, and the above 
mentioned mills have discontinued its production. In the year 1839 the 
property known as the Old White Hall Flouring Mill, on Jones' Falls, was 
purchased by one of our distinguished citizens and converted into a Cotton 
Factory. The enterprize prospered, and in 1843 the Woodberry Factory was 
built, and its capacity doubled in 1845. The Mount Vernon Factory was 
constructed at the same time. The Old White Hall was burnt in 1852, and 
the Clipper Mill, a factory of great capacity, was erected on its site with such 
expedition, that it was in running order six months after the conflagration. 
This mill was destroyed by fire in 1866, but subsequently rebuilt, and its 
capacity doubled. The Druid Mill was commenced in 1865, and enlarged in 
1872. The latter is at present the largest Cotton Duck Mill in the country. 
In addition, there are now at work in the vicinity of Woodberry, the Mount 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 181 

Yernon Factory No. 2, the Park Mill, and the Washington Factory, all 
engaged in the manufacture of Cotton Duck. 

Of course the war had a depressing effect upon the production of this com- 
modity. Our domestic mills were cut off from their Southern supply of the 
raw material — Cotton advanced fabulously in price, and Russian and English 
looms for the time practically supplied the market. In 1866, the price of 
cotton fell rapidly — the new crop from the tSouth was brought to the factories, 
and since that time foreign goods have almost been driven from the market. 

The process through which the raw material passes before it is converted 
into Duck may be interesting to our readers. The cotton is first cleaned by 
machinery, and after seeds, lumps and dirt are removed, it is transferred to 
carding machines, which perform, on an immense scale, the operation which 
was formerly slowly effected by hand. It passes thence through several 
machines, by which the roll of fibres is gradually reduced in size, and becomes 
at last a firm, fine thread. A number of these are then twisted together, to 
make a cord of sufficient strength, and of these latter the "warp," or foun- 
dation of the fabric is formed ; other cords, wound on bobbins, supply the 
"woof" or filling. These woven together by the looms make the cloth com- 
plete, and it is then rolled into bolts, and packed in bales for shipment. All 
this necessarily requires an immense amount of intricate machinery, and it is 
estimated that a force of tAvo thousand tAvo hundred horse power is used in these 
Mills. In addition to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, Fishing Nets are made 
here by machinery, the only place in the United States where this is done 
to any great extent. Upwards of 25,000 bales or more than 12,000,000 pounds 
of cotton are consumed annually by these Mills. They employ fully 1,800 
hands, and minister to the support of at least 5,000 persons. The Cotton- 
Duck is used extensively in the manufacture of sails, awnings, bags, and for 
a number of other purposes. It is unnecessary to add that the South and 
West can be supplied in this market on the most reasonable terms. 



Cotton Bags. 



96s an appendage to the manufacture of Cotton goods in the city of Balti- 
^|k more, and especially to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, the preparation 
%■ of grain Bags and Sacks demands particular notice. Baltimore is favor- 
ably located for their manufacture. The many mill streams in the neighbor- 
hood of the city, the numerous cotton mills in and immediately around it, and 
the superiority of the heavier class of domestics especially suitable as material 
for their construction, enable the manufacturers to compete successfully with 
any of the Eastern cities ; while the moderate cost of living, and low rents, 
give the trade an advantage over New York and Boston. The immense 



182 The Moittjmektal City, 

amount of wheat and corn which passes through, or is manipulated in our 
market, creates a demand for the manufacture of grain Bags and Sacks, which 
would at all times cause a degree of activity with the merchant engaged in 
that trade ; but a system prevails at this Port which renders the market yery 
particularly active. A very extensive business is done in hiring Sacks for 
shipment to Europe, the owner of the Sacks shipping under his own Bill of 
Lading, in the same manner as the dealer ships his grain. The capital 
invested in the trade is very large, all Jute Goods are landed by our 
European Steamers at lower freights than elsewhere. The facilities for 
the manufacture of the Bags are first-class, and the character of the men 
engaged in this branch of industry is a complete guarantee that persons 
dealing with them are sure to get what they buy. In this particular branch 
of manufacture, the Baltimore article can readily compete with that of New 
York or any other. 

JOHN C. GRAFFLIX. GEO. W. GRAFFLIN. 

BALTIMORX: BAG FACTORY^ 

JVo«. 73, 75 and 77 SOUTH STREET. 

JOHN C. GRAFFLIN & CO. 

IMPORTEivS, MANUFACTURERS AND i»EAi.ERS IN 

BURLAPS, COTTON BAGGING, 

BALE ROPE, TWINES, 

New and Second-Hand Seamless, Grain & Gunny Rags, Cotton Duck, Twills &c. 

GUANO, BUCKWHEAT, FLOUR AND SALT BAGS FEINTED TO OEDER. 
,A.C3-E3SrTS FOU THE ".A-I^I?,0"^Ar TIE," 

MARYLAND BAG FACTORY. 



MANUFACTUEEES AND DEALEES IN EVEEY DESCEIPTION OF 



Phosphate Bags neatly Printed to Order. 

I»-T0BACC0 POUCHES A SPECIALTY. 

SOUTH AND PRATT STREETS, BALTIMORE. 

Maryland Life Insurance Co. 

No. 10 South Street, Baltimore. 



Its Past Histoet a^std Peesent Kesoueces. 183 

iTirm. KHABx: & go. 

PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTUREES, SQUARE, GRAND AND UPRIGHT, 
Ware- Rooms, No, 350 W, Baltimore St., Baltim^ore, 

112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YOEK CITY. 



Curled Hair. 



|)kBOUT the year 1836, a young German came to this country and shortly 
^Jk afterwards established a small factory for the manufacture of Hair, 
%■ Bristles, &c., on Colston's Hill, near the Hookstown Road. The life of 
the factory was healthy from the first, and its business gradually enlarged, 
until in 1847 the location was insufficient for its pressing requirements. A 
lot of ground was purchased on the Frederick Eoad, and a new factory erected. 
From that time to the present the increase of the trade has been very rapid. 
The various uses to which Hair and Bristles are put, the rapid development 
of the country, and the incessant demand for goods of this sort for upholstering 
purposes and brush materials, and the toilet generally, caused an expansion 
of the trade, which rendered it difficult at times, to supply the orders that 
came to the factory. Its capacity was enlarged, agencies were created in the 
leading cities of the west for the procurement of raw materials; tenant houses 
were erected for the employees, warehouses for the storage of both crude and 
manufactured goods ; and now a thriving village crowns the location which 
but a few years ago was a barren plat of ground. Others encouraged by the 
success of the young German, have invested money in the business, and a 
number of smaller factories have sprung into existance, whose business is only 
circumscribed by their capacity. 

The factory on the Frederick road, known as Wilkens' Factory, turns out 
40,000 pounds of manufactured goods per week ; and it is estimated that at 
least seven hundred operatives are employed, and several million of dollars 
are invested in the business. The manufactured goods are consigned to Eetail 
Merchants and Upholsterers throughout the United States ; and large quan- 
tities are exported for consumption abroad. 

The curled and manufactured Hair produced by the factories of Baltimore 
is unsurpassed for excellence, and the market price is lower than in any other 
city in the United States, because of the vast capital invested, the extensive 
experience, and thorough knowledge of the business, possessed by those 
engaged in its production. 



184 The Monumental City, 

William Wilkens. H. H. Graue. 

WILLIAM WILKENS & CO. 

STEAM 

Curled Hair & Bristle Manufacturers, 

DEALERS IN 

HAIR CLOTH, DAMASK, PLTJSH, 

AND 

Upholsterers' and Coach and Cabinet Makers' Materials 

m GENEEAL, 

3001 W. Pratt Street, 217 Pearl Street, 

BALTIMORE. NEW YORK. 



Leaf Tobacco. 



iJlIHE Tobacco market of this city has been of paramount importance at all 
m times since the commencement of its history. In colonial times and in- 
W deed for a long period afterwards, it was the only crop raised in this State, 
by which she was known to outsiders, insomuch that the lands were impov- 
erished, and farmers and planters driyen to the cultivation of other products, 
to restore the soil to its original fertility. Early in the history of the State, 
inspection laws were adopted by the Legislature for the protection of planters 
and buyers. These laws were perhaps the most judicious of their kind ever 
devised, and have remained in force with but little alteration to the present 
moment. Under them, five large warehouses have been established in Balti- 
more, at points convenient to the shipping. The manner of inspection is so 
simple, and apparently equitable, that it may not be o^^t of place to give a 
brief description of the process. One head of a hogshead of Tobacco having 
been removed and the hoops loosend, the hogshead is turned over, and the entire 
casing lifted off the Tobacco. The compact mass thus exposed, is broken into at 
five different points with an iron bar, and a sample taken from each opening. 



Its Past History and Peesent Resources. 185 

An average of each of tliese samples is selected, and the whole tied together 
with a strong tape, sealed and labelled. The casing is replaced, and the hogs- 
head coopered according to its necessities. The samples chosen and made 
official, are regarded as establishing the grade of the Tobacco, as Avell as 
the quality of the packing, and by these the sales are made. The fees, 
Avaste and cost of storage, &c., are so insignificant when compared with 
methods of inspection in other cities, that though the policy of the State 
of late y^ars has been to discourage governmental inspections, the system 
with reference to Tobacco has not been disturbed. Four of the five In- 
spectors are taken from the rural districts, where the wiles of politics 
usually give place to integrity and fair dealing; and the consequence has 
been that with the rarest exceptions, the offices have been filled by high- 
toned, honorable gentlemen engaged in the cultivation of the plant them- 
selves, and thoroughly competent to discharge the duties Avhich pertain to 
the office. 

The increase of the trade in this city, and the insufficient accommodations 
of the present warehouses, have led to the erection of another which will 
be completed in a few months. During the year 1872, there were inspected 
51,309 hogsheads of Tobacco, in addition to 5,682 hogsheads remaining 
in the warehouses on the 1st of January of that year. The Foreign ship- 
ments during that period, and which were made to a large number of 
European ports Avere -49,983 hogsheads. The quality of the Tobacco groAvn 
in Maryland, and that brought to this market from Ohio, and Kentucky, is 
of coarse, lieaA^y grade, and is consumed principally in portions of France, 
and Germany, Avhere the people care more for quantity than quality. Ship- 
ments have been retarded to some extent by the scarcity of tonnage, but the 
increased facilities afforded by the improvements in the harbor to be comj^leted 
by the first of May, and the very rapid augmentation of the shipping in the 
past few months, Avill lead in the near future, to a very large expansion of the 
trade. 

General Commission Merchant 

TOBACCO FACTOR, 

]Sro. 90 LoiiiTDard Street, 

ONE DOOR AVEST OF EXCHANGE 'pLACE, 

BALTIMORE. 

12 



186 The Monumental City, 

WM. A. BOYD & CO. 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

SEED, LEAF & HAVANA 

Haye always in store a full assortment of '-CONN" and other select crops. 

manufactured Tobacco, 

No. 33 South Street, Baltimore. 

WEMNEM DSESEI,. FERD. DMESEL. 

"W. DRESEL & CO. 



TOBACCO 



AND 



General Commission Merchants. 



Werner Dresel, Imperial German Consul. 
37 South Gay St. BALTIMORE. 



Its Past Histokt A]S"d Peesent Resources. 187 

Maimfactiired Tobacco. 



a)UE City has always been one of the leading markets for Manufactured To- 
i bacco. It is contiguous to Virginia, North Carolina, and the great sections 
"? of America noted for the production of the best Tobacco on this continent, 
and also for the manufacture of the best Chewing and Smoking Tobacco in 
the world. Thus located, Baltimore commands a large portion of this trade, 
and is in reality the best distributing market in the country. The Commis- 
sion and Jobbing Trade, with heavy capital is enabled to carry large stocks, 
and with the forwarding facilities of rail and water, gives us superior advan- 
tages over any other city. We have also several very large factories for the 
manufacture of Smoking Tobacco, Fine-cut, and Snuffs, with advantages 
unsurpassed by any others elsewhere. The Brands of these have attained a 
wide reputation in this country and Europe. 

Cigars are extensively manufactured in this city, and their superior quality 
has gained for them, great popularity at home and abroad. 

Responsible agencies of the Tobacco Manufacturers of any prominence in 
the trade of the country are established here, thus giving additional value 
and attraction to the Baltimore Market. 



B. F. PARIiCTT A CO. 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

MA W UFA CTUB ED 

CIGARS, PIPES^ &c. 

9S Xjombard Street, near Soutli, 
BALTIMORE. 



J. D. KREMELBERG'S 



OF 



14: & 16 South Frederick Street, 

Office — 56 South Gay Street, 

p. 0. BOX 781. BAL TIMOR JE . 



188 The Monumental City, 

MARYLAND LIFE INSURANCE CO. 

No. 10 South Street, Baltimore. 

1 

Lumber. 



fHE Lumber Trade of Baltimore city, is very great. We are so favorably 
located for the prosecution of the business, it would be really strange 
y were this not the case. The Chesapeake Bay affords easy access to the 
vast Lumber regions of Virginia and North Carolina; the Susquehanna 
drains the extensive woodlands of Pennsylvania, while the railroad corpora- 
tions which centre in Baltimore stretch out their arms into the almost lim- 
itless forests of West Virginia, Ohio and Indiana. In addition to the require- 
ments for building purposes, this branch of industry has been greatly extended 
of late because of the vast increase in the number of Houses engaged in the 
Furniture Trade, the enlargement of the business of those already estab- 
lished, and the springing up in our midst of factories for the manufacture of 
Mouldings, Ovals, Mirror and Picture Frames, &c., &c. 

The last few years have witnessed a decided change in popular taste with 
reference to the material out of which furniture is constructed. Fashion has 
greatly diminished the use of rose-wood and mahogany, and hence their 
importation is mainly for veneering purposes. AVith the increase in wealth 
and the development of taste, wants have become general which were formerly 
confined within a narrow circle, and the demand for highly wrought mouldings, 
handsome frames, passe-partouts, &c., has necessitated the establishment of 
extensive factories to meet it, where work of the most finished description is 
turned out. 

Walnut, Ash, Poplar and White Pine are now used almost exclusively by 
furniture dealers, and immense quantities reach the market annually. The 
best Walnut is brought from the States of Ohio and Indiana; vast quantities 
of Poplar come from the forests of West Virginia, Avhile the States of Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida furnish Yellow Pine, from the 
last two of whicli is obtained the finest material to be found in the world. 
Ash and White Pine reach this market in large quantities from Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio and Indiana. About thirty large Houses are engaged in the 
Lumber business in this city with an immense aggregate capital. The gen- 
tlemen who compose the above firms are among our most reliable and honored 
citizens. 

One hundred million feet of White Pine, one hundred million feet 
of Yellow Pine, and fifty million feet of other Woods, including Walnut, 



Its Past History and Presejstt Resources. 



189 



Poplar, Ash, &c., are received in Baltimore annually. Much of the Wood is 
dressed in Baltimore and shipped from here to other places. The machinery 
used in the trade is of the most highly improved character, and the number 
of employees very large. The workmanship is superior, and the trade offer 
inducements to purchasers equal to those extended in any other market in 
the country. 

It is a fact worthy of mention, as showing not only the facilities of the 
trade, but the reciprocity of the different sections of our country, that large 
quantities of the Lumber product of the South, Yellow Pine and Cypress, are 
sent to the distant cities of the West and North-West, where it is used almost 
exclusively in car building, and for other manufacturing purposes, in which 
cheapness, durability and strength, are essential qualifications. This Lumber 
is manufactured to order at the Southern mills, shipped direct to the con- 
sumer, and is ready for use upon receipt. The orders are received in Balti- 
more by those dealers who have large interests in the South, and of course 
minister to the importance of our City. The trade is growing rapidly and 
will ere long demonstrate the fact that the Western Lumber dealer appreciates 
the Lumber product of the South as thoroughly as we value the White Pine 
forests of the JSTorth and West. In addition to the Lumber Trade carried on 
with the South and West, large quantities of AVhite and Yellow Pine are 
shipped to the West Indies and South America. 




GEO. G. TYLEB, TIMBER AND LTJMBEB, 

"BOSXOKT SXIIEET, 0A.ITX03Sr. 



190 The Monumental City, 

D. E. THOMAS & CO. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

CABINET AND BUILDING 

No. 56 East Falls Avenue, 

Baltimore, Md. 

Agricultural Implements. 

<n|lHE honorable position which the Science of Agriculture has occupied in 
juli Maryland in conjunction with the other Southern States, has made Balti- 
W more at all times during her history an extensive market for Agricultural 
Implements. The present is unquestionably the era of improvement in labor- 
saving machinery. The farmers of Maryland, generally educated and culti- 
vated, have not been slow to avail themselves of the advantages which have 
been thereby presented. 

They early found that their lands, along with the saving of labor by the 
use of implements, exhibited also an increase of productiveness which 
amply compensated them for an appreciation of the prices of machinery. 
This exercised a fostering influence o\er the establishments engaged in their 
manufacture, and gave to the trade an impetus, which by judicious foresight 
and energy the manufacturers have been able to enlarge, until to-day our 
City ranks far ahead of most of the large cities in America ; and surpassed by 
few if any, in the production of these essentials to farming. In fact, East 
of the Ohio no city can compete with Baltimore in this regard. 

Ten large Houses are at present doing a thriving business in this branch of 
industry with a very handsome working capital, and a number of hands 
averaging four hundred. Formerly each House embraced in its operations all 
the various implements used in Agriculture, as also Seed and other goods 
belonging to that pursuit. The introduction of steam and the vast improve- 
ments in machinery made it cheaper for Houses to select a specialty and 
follow it. In this way certain labor-saving machines are manufactured at 
cheaper rates than formerly, and in a style excelled nowhere on this continent. 
Of course the number of machines or implements manufactured here has 
been reduced ; but the usefulness of those produced has been proportionately 
increased, and the general dimensions of the trade greatly enlarged, while 



Its Past History ajtd Peesent Eesources. 391 

factories for all the very best labor-saving machines manufactured in the 
United States have here established agencies, where they can be purchased at 
the factory rates. 

All the Agricultural establishments of Baltimore offer the strongest induce- 
ments to purchasers from abroad in the way of choice and carefully selected 
seed, large quantities of which, when not produced under favorable auspices 
in this country, are imported expressly for the Baltimore market. The 
annual sales in this branch of industry are very heavy and rapidly increasing, 
annually amounting at present to fully $3,000,000. Large invoices of Ag- 
ricultural Implements, Seeds, &c., are shipped to the Southern States, and 
along the line of the Atlantic coast, in fact through all the country east of 
th^ Ohio. In this department of trade, Baltimore affords to dealers, a market 
equal in quality and prices, to any other in the United States. 

E. WHITMAN. Established 1843. E. B. WHITMAN. 

E. WHITMAN & SONS, 

Nos. 145 & 147 ^VEST PRATT ST., 
BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLE MENTS, SE EDS AND FERTILIZERS. 

WHITMAN'S METAL-LINED CUCUMBER PUMP, 

THE ONLY PERFECT PORTABLE WOOD PUMP MADE. 



Sash Factories. 



^INCE the introduction of steam-power into the ordinary pursuits of life, 
vast improvements have been made in carpentry. Especially has this 
been the case with reference to the manufacture of Sash, Window 
Frames, Doors, Blinds &c. So great have been the advances in this depart- 
ment of industry, that the humblest and cheapest dwelling erected in the 
larger cities at this present writing, will compare favorably in interior finish 
with the most gorgeous edifices of former times. Baltimore has kept pace 
with other cities in this regard. 

Thirteen Sash Factories, employing upwards of seven hundred hands, and 
manipulating $1,000,000 of capital, are at present in operation in this city. 
For fifty years the business of wood-working has been one of our most active 
industries, but in the last five years the trade has trebled. The quality of the 
work done by our factories is fully up to the standard established in other 



192 



The Monumental City, 



cities. Offices, churches, and public buildings are fitted by the trade, in a 
style of taste and elegance unsurpassed elsewhere, and which has commanded 
the admiration of parties from abroad. Baltimore has great facilities in the 
way of securing lumber of the most ayailable description, and upon the most 
advantageous terms. The factories engaged in the business, turn out all kinds 
of work, and offer as great inducements to purchasers as can be obtained in 
any other city in America. As large as the demand is for home consumption 
it by no means disposes of the material turned out by these establishments ; 
and large quantities of Sash, Window Blinds, and general Finishings for 
buildings, are shipped to the Southern States, South America and the West 
Indies. 



G, 0. STEVENS. 



D. G. STEVENS. 



GEO. O. STEVENS & CO. 

Corner Front and Fayette Streets^ 

Opposite Shot Tower. BALTIMIO HE . 

iil»lt^ %mkmf glltilf ^ li$t% 

Slate, Marble and Wooden Mantels, 

Mouldings, Cornice, Stair Fixings, «fec. 

BUILDERS' S UPPLIES, 

BALTIMORE MADE WORK. 

JOHN W. WILSON. JOHN W. WILSON, Je. 

JOHN TOT. lATILSON & SOIVr^ 



AND MANUFACTURERS OF 



Sashes, IMoors, Blinds, Brackets, Jftouldings, 

Handrails, JVewels, Balusters, ^c. 

No. 333 SOUTH EUTAW STEEET, BALTIMOEE. 

^ H. & J. F. ADAMS, 




No. 4i Barnett Street, 
3S jAl XL. 'GC?' X BOC O 3E1. SB « 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 193 

J. B. THOMAS. J. L LAWTOX. "WM. MENTZEL. 

JOS. THOmAS & SON, 

Maryland Moulding, Turning & Sawing Works^ 

AND SASH, DOOR AND SHUTTER FACTORY. 

Church -- f^^^ Office 



Pews 



Furniture. 



Established 




Desks, 
Railing, Ac. 



1820. 



F-A.E,IS: -A.3SriD OL-Aw^Sr STREETS. 

BUILDING AND HARD WOOD LUMBER DEALERS, 

434 WEST Pit ATT STREET, COBNEJt PENN, BAZTimOJRE. 



Furniture. 



^HE maniifacture of Furniture is usually a prominent feature in the bus- 
iness of large cities. Our own is not behind her sisters in this regard. 
The manufacture and sale of all kinds of Furniture have been for years 
a leading and rapidly increasing interest in Baltimore. Our facilities are 
superior to those of most American cities. For the lighter kinds of Cabinet 
Furniture the very best article of yellow-pine can be obtained via the Chesa- 
peake Bay, from the forests of lower Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. 
For other classes of Furniture the forests of West Virginia furnish an inex- 
haustible supply of soft poplar, which by easy and cheap transportation over the 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, can be obtained on the most reasonable terms, 
while the competition between the western sections of this Eoad and the Penn- 
sylvania Central, enables our manufacturers to obtain their supplies of black- 
walnut from the forests of Indiana, at less cost than those of the North and 
East, whose distance is more remote. This, in addition to the fact that the 
cost of living and labor is cheaper in Baltimore, has led to a very rapid de- 
velopment of the business ; and in the last five years the manufacture and sale 
of Furniture have been more than doubled ; while many new firms have beei; 
added to those already in existence. 



194 The Monumental City, 

As an indication of the enlargement of the trade and the low prices in this 
city, it may be stated that during the past year extensive orders for Sewing 
Machine Frames have been received by our manufacturers from the large 
towns of the North, and have been filled so satisfactorily as to lead to a 
repetition of the orders. Every style of Furniture, from the richest and 
most chaste designs for parlors, drawing-rooms, chambers, and offices, to the 
less pretentious cabinet setts, is manufactured with equal care and skill. Those 
engaged in the business have displayed great enterprise; and have not 
contented themselves with their own resources in the selection of patterns, 
but have made it a point to visit localities where Furniture is largely manu- 
factured, and study the ingenuity and tastes of other sections. Thus the 
most fastidious and refined taste can be gratified in our city. 

A certain amount of 'European Furniture is imported here, to supply the 
demand of those who can afford the luxury of foreign styles, but the skill of 
our handicraftmen has so thoroughly kept pace with the spirit of modern 
improvement f .at this is generally conceded to be totally unnecessary. 
From accuraie information, we are able to state that fully $1,500,000 are 
invested in the business, 2,000 hands are employed, and the annual sales 
amount in the aggregate to $3,000,000. Besides the local trade, vast quantities 
of Furniture are shipped from this city to the South and West. During the 
year 1872, shipments were made to the West Indies and South America, giving 
promise of a valuable trade to that direction. 

FTJRNITURE! FURNITURE! FURNITURE! 

THE POPULAR FURNITURE HOUSE OF 

KLIPPER^ ITITSBSTSR 6k GO. 

7 SOUTH CAIiVERT STREET, BALTIMORE. 

Parlor and Cabinet Furniture of Every Description. 

FCDTl THE T*A.Ti.lLOTt. 

Neir and Eleg^ant Designs of Parlor Suites in Brocatelle, Silks and Reps of 

£very Sliade; also, in Hair Cloth, Beautifnl and Durable. 

FOE, THE CH-A-Is-OiEEI?,. 

Full Walnut Suites (10 pieces each) of plain, massive and elaborately carved Chamber 
Suites, beautifully veneered and polished in French wood. 

COTT-A-G-E SXJITES, 
In great variety, Substantially Finished, and at Lovtest Manufacturers' Prices. 

OTHEI^ EXJUIsriTTjilE, 
Including plain, handsome and magnificently finished Dressing Cases, in Sienna, Ten- 
nessee and ItaUa7i raaThle; also, a complete line of Sideboards, Buffets and Etageres, 
plain and elalaborately carved, and finished witli Imported and Domestic Mariles. 

"Walnut and French Veneered Secretaries, Book-Cases; single and double "Walnut 
and Poplar Bedsteads, Bureaus and "Wardrobes, at all prices. 

Finished in Hair, Cane and Wood, including Easy-Chairs of modern styles and patterns, 
Arm-Chairs of every description, Kockers, and Wood of Forty Different Styles. 

3V^A.TTI*ESSES. 

Hair, Cotton Top and Shuck Mattresses, our own manufacture, always on hand and 
made to order of any size, quality and price. 

NOTE. — Our long experience and superior facilities enable us to offer advantages to pur- 
chasers not excelled by any similar House in Baltimore. We invite an inspection of our 
large and complete stock, and guarantee to purchasers satisfaction in every respect. 



Its Past History akd Present Kesources. 



195 




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196 The Moistumental City, 

WILLIAM J. HISS, 

1 



Upholstering and Decorations^ 

128 W. Fayette Street, 

BALTIMORE. 



Pianos. 



f^iHE wonderful advances made during the present century in all depart- 
ments of industry have been no-where more marked than in the develop- 
ment and improvement of Pianos — and it is a matter of just pride to 
Americans, that the world is indebted to this country, for many of the 
advantages which modern instruments possess. The largest Piano factories 
on the globe are located in the United States, and owing to the thrift and 
independence of the laboring classes, and the facilities for advancement offered 
them through our institutions, and mode of government, and the elevation of 
taste thus acquired, the number of the-e instruments sold annually is immense. 
During the year 1865, one hundred and eighteen thousand, two hundred and 
eighty Pianos were made in this country, and the trade in these instruments 
amounted to $59,284,673. What the increase has been since that date is a 
matter of conjecture, but the fact that the Piano has become almost as 
necessary in the humblest households, as the most useful article of furniture, 
forbids the idea that there has been any diminution in the statistics of the trade. 
Baltimore has obtained her full share of this gieat and increasing business. 
There are a number of factories in this city, among which is the establish- 
ment of Wm. Knabe & Co., one of the largest in the United States. William 
Knabe, the founder of the firm, (since deceased), came to this country and 
commenced the manufacture of Pianos on Liberty street, in 1837. Their 
beginings were humble — large investments in an untried branch of trade 
were then unheard of, and a wide-spread and deeply rooted prejudice existed 
in favor of articles from abroad. The superior delicacy of tone, which still 
so distinguishes the instruments of the Firm, gradually attracted the attention 
of competent judges and the germ of a factory rapidly developed into mam- 
moth proportions. The great increase in the business of the Firni, necessitated 
the abandonment of their original location, and the selection of another site; 
and since 1855, their factory has been in operation on Eutaw street. Wm. 
Knabe & Co. manufacture annually from 1,500 to 2,000 Grand and Square 
Pianos which are shipped to all portions of the United States, but principally 



Its Past History and Phesent Eesources. 



197 



to the South unci West, with Avhich sections their business rehitions are of an 
extensive character. 

The prices of these instruments vary from $500 to $1,500. The difference 
in price, is occasioned chiefly by the outside ornamentation, carving, tracino- 
&c.; the cheaper instruments being as melodious and powerful as the most 
costly. The advantages claimed for them by Knabe & Co., are that their 
method of constructing the ''action" is peculiar, Avhich imparts to the instru- 
ment an unsurpassed delicacy and fullness of tone; that the woods used in 
their construction are selected with the utmost care, and with all the known 
tests, and are thoroughly seasoned before being Avorked up; and that before a 
Piano is taken from the factory, the proprietors always assure themselves 
of its excellence and durability. That this is no idle boast is attested by the 
reception of more than eighty medals and premiums at various exhibitions and 
by the approval of such artists as Thalberg, Gottschalk, Heller, Strakosch, 
Marm,ontel, Vieuxtemps and others, and also, by the reception of a number 
of orders for work from distinguished artists in Europe. The firm has a 
branch establishment in New York, and an agency in Boston. 



Musical lustrumeiits. 



^CU'^''^'-^ ^^ *^^^ different varieties of Musical Instruments are manufactured 
in Baltimore, and in many instances rare skill is displayed in their 
production. For twenty j^ears the manufacture of Organs has formed 
an important feature among the industries of the city and of late the orders 
from neighboring states have attested the estimation in which they are held 
for finish and excellence of tone. Church Organs, ranging in price from 
$1,000 to $50,000 are constructed here and large numbers of them are shipped 
to the South and West, and some because of their tone and compass are sent 
to Eastern markets. In a number of our finest churches are to be seen 
specimens of the Organs manufactured in this city. 




H. SANDERS & CO. 

General Agents and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the 



79 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMOEE. 

The "ESTEY" is the ackuowledged LEAD- 
ING ORGAN everywhere. Call and examine 
onr splendid stock. Special tenns to Churches, 
Sundaj' Schools and Clergymen. 



SHEET MUSIC AND MUSIC BOOKS. 



198 The Mokumektal City, 

Jewelry. 

fMONG the many brandies of industry which minister to the importance 
and add to the wealth of onr city may be mentioned the manufacture 
and sale of Jewelry. A number of large houses are established in Balti- 
more, with extensive capital, and employing many hands. All the different 
styles of Jewelry known to the trade are manufactured with skill and neatness, 
and our Jewelers have always endeavored successfully to meet the popular 
taste so excessively variable in this regard. The various precious stones of 
which large and costly stocks are always on hand, are set in Baltimore with 
an elegance and finish that cannot be surpassed. Silver ware is manufactured 
here to a very considerable extent, and as every place has its peculiar styles, 
supplies of Baltimore-made Ware are eagerly sought by Jewelers from the 
neighboring cities. Watches of all kinds, both of American and foreign 
manufacture, from the most expensive to the least costly, are sold by the trade 
as low as can be obtained from the manufacturer. In addition, the rarest of 
foreign Bijoutry is imported direct to this city, and the shelves of our best 
Jewelers are beautifully adorned with these articles. A prominent character- 
istic of this branch of industry in Baltimore is the thorough reliability of the 
gentlemen engaged in it. They are among our most highly esteemed citizens 
and purchasers coming to this city can be assured that they get what they bny. 

EST-A-BLISHEID 1834. 



GANFIELD, BRO. & 00. 

Corner Baltimore and Charles Streets, 

Wholesale and Retail Importers and Dealers in 

Diamonds, Pearls, Rich Jewelry 



Triple Silver Plated Ware; Gilt, Bronze and Marble 
Clocks, Gilt and Bronze Figures, and Ornaments, Bisque 
and Parisan Figures, Rich Porcelaine Vases, Gilt and 
Leather Vienna Goods, Opera Glasses, Fans, Music Boxes 
and Fancy Goods. 

AMERICAN WATCHES A SPECIALTY. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 
Established 1800. 



199 



GEORGE T. SADTLER. 




GEORGE W. SADTLER. 



G. T. SADTLER & SONS 

No. 212 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, 

Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in 

Special attention paid to adaptation of Glasses to the Eye. 

Prompt attention given to repairing Watches and Jewelry. 

GEO. IV. ITITXSBB, 

(Adjoining the Carrollton Hotel,) 

'DEALBR IN 

DIAMONDS, EICHJEWELEY, FINE WATCHES, CLOCKS & BRONZES, 
STERLING SILVER AND PLATED WARE. 

Particular attention is paid to neatness and durability in the manufacture and repair of 
Jewelry. "Watches repaired by experienced workmen. 

GHARLCS. ITIT. BLAKS. 

PRACTICAL. 



AND DEALEIl IS 



FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVER AND PLATED WARES, 
Wo, 3 North Charles Street, 

B A. L T I ]VE O II E 



Clocks. M'atches and Jewelry €arefnlly Repaired. 



200 The Monumental City, 

Plated Ware. 



(JIlHE manufacture of Plated Ware Avas begun in tins City about twenty 
ll| years ago on a small scale. The care and skill displayed in its production 
^ led to a gradual expansion of the business, and at present Baltimore can 
boast of an extensive establishment fitted Avitli all the modern improvements 
in machinery, and with a capacity for all classes of Avork. Gold and Silver 
Plated Work and Britannia Wares are produced, which for excellence of 
workmanship and beauty of design will compare favorably with similar 
articles in any portion of the country. 

The fact that the styles of the various factories in America are very different, 
and that dealers are compelled to have samples of each, has led to the intro- 
duction of Baltimore Plated Ware in all sections of the country, and it has 
been received with favor wherever sent. The business is largely on the 
increase and dealers can supply themselves in this market upon terms quite 
as reasonable as are offered elsewhere. 

Maryland Britannia and Gold and Silver Plate Works 

ESTABLISHED 1850. 



WM. HOLMES, 

SA.LES KOOlVr, ISTo. 3 ^. CHARLES ST. 

Office and Factory ^ iVbs. 30 and 52 JELolliday St. 

BALTIMORE. 



Tin. 



(JFIHE Tin Trade of Baltimore, allusion to Avhich has already been made in 
Hi a previous article, has wonderfully developed in the last few years. The 
W demand for Tin is always large in a great city, where it is so lavishly 
used for household purposes,and of late for coverings for the roofs of buildings; 
but this demand has been measurably increased of late by the rapid multij^li- 
cation of oyster and fruit packing houses, and their immense consumption of 
the article in the course of their business. As no Tin mines exist in this 
country, the raw material is of course imported from abroad; but the favorable 
terms under which it can be brought to this market has led to its importation 



i 



Its Past History and Presen"t Resources. 



201 



in large quantities. We give the statistics of 'importation from the books of 
the Custom House for the year 1871, and the first ten months of 1872 : 



For 1871. 
Boxes. 

January 150 

February 16,785 

March 29,900 

April 13,817 

May 14,387 

June 8,550 

July 9,928 

August 13,825 

September 18,197 

October 11,582 

November 10,289 

December 18,186 



Value. 
1820.00 
93,189.00 

170,648.00 
79,635.00 
83,042.00 
48,058.00 
55,160.00 
81,116.00 

104,122.00 
66,742.00 
58,224.00 

106,194.00 



Total 165,596 $946,950.00 



For the first ten months of 1872. 

Boxes. Value. 

16,261 198,052.00 

14,723 98,508.00 

18,242 132,112.00 

15,898 119,933.00 

25,452 205,489.00 

8,186 73,860.00 

11,095 101,880.00 

20,668 188,246.00 

29,562 272,921.00 

18,569 164,518.00 



January... 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August , . . . 
September. 
October.... 



Total 178,656 $1,455,519.00 



It will be seen from the above that the importation of this article has 
increased in value in the first ten months of the year 1872, $508,569 over the 
entire importation of 1871. The demand for the raw material is increasing 
with each successive year. Oyster and fruit packing houses are springing up 
in the city, while the large wholesale houses which deal in the article are 
multiplying in number and extending their business. All materials requiring 
Tin for their manufacture are made in Baltimore in a style of finish and 
excellence comparable with any other sections of the country, and at rates 
which ofier inducements to purchasers. Besides supplying the demand for 
the article in this city the wholesale trade is constantly in receipt of orders 
from Virginia, West Virginia, West Pennsylvania and all the Southern 
States. 

^LVANIZED IRON CORNICES, 

JAMES W. GEDDES, 

Tin, Galvanized Iron, Copper, Lead, Zinc & Iron Roofing, 

Spouts, Gutters, &e. 

67 & 69 North St., Baltimore. 



^ AGENT FOR E. G. SMYSER'S VARIETY IRON WORKS, YORK, PA. 

13 



202 The Monumental City, 

ALFRED H. KEIP. J. HENRY REIP. 

3E1.3ESX3F* «f3 fSOJST^ 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

PLAIN & JAPANNED 



TIU WARE 




AND DEALERS IN 

Wooden Ware and Housekeeping Articles, 

335 W. Baltimore Street, BALTIMORE. 



Type Foundries. 



SIkMONG the other industries in which Baltimore has made some progress, 
^ is Type manufacture. Two factories are in operation, employing a 
^ number of hands, and absorbing considerable capital. All the various 
styles of type are manufactured with skill and elegance, that rival the work- 
manship of any similar factories in the larger cities of this country, and 
orders are filled as cheaply here as elsewhere. 

RYAN & RICKETTS, 
T^pe, Stereotype and Electrotype Founders. 



Brass and Bell Fonnding. 

J HE I^ass and Bell Pounding interest has been largely developed in 
Baltimore. The introduction of gas in our cities and towns, the 
extension of water facilities, and the almost universal application of 
gas and water to public and private buildings have created an enormous 
demand for the necessary fixtures, and have led to such expansion of the 
resources and capacity of the establishments in this city as enables them to 
compare very favorably with those in any other section of the country. All 
articles pertaining to this branch of industry, viz : Plumbers' Brass Work, 
Water, Gas and Steam Pixtures, and Apparatus and Bells of all descriptions, 
are manufactured by them in quantities to suit the increasing trade, and 
with a perfection and finish which are unsurpassed. 

The metals of which the articles in tliis department are composed, such as 
tin, zinc, copper, &c., are usually obtained direct, and plumbers' earthen- 



Its Past History axd Present Resources. 203 

ware is imported from Europe. So that Baltimore possesses every facility 
for supplying the trade at the lowest prices, and it gives us pleasure to 
state that the trade is rapidly increasing, especially with the South and 
West. 

Henry McShane & Co.'s Brass Works were established in 1856. The firm 
has rapidly enlarged its sphere of operations, and is to-day one of the largest 
establishments of that character in the United States. The Works are 
located on North street, the building occupying a front two hundred and fifteen 
feet with a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. Two hundred and sixty 
hands are employed by the firm, of whom sixty are engaged in their 
Phcenix Iron Works, Holliday street, where six tons of iron are run down 
daily into light castings for plumbers' and machinists' use. Electro- 
plating in silver and gold forms a very important feature of the work of 
this firm. 

The establishment of Eegester & Sons, on Holliday street, is very exten- 
sive, and employs a large number of operatives, many of them skilled workmen. 
A special feature of this Foundry is its manufacture of Bells, the excellence 
of workmanship displayed therein recommending the firm throughout the 
country. 



M enry McShane. john McShane. 

Henry McShane & Co. 

BRASS FOUNDERSandFINISHERS 

JTos. 147 to 161 North Street, Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

BEASS COCKS, Globe, Check and Safety Valves ; Water Gauges and Gause Cocks. 
BRASS CASTINGS, for STEAM ENGINE and RAIL ROAD purposes. 
BRASS PUMPS of aU kinds. 

WROUGHT IRON PIPES, MaUeable Fittings, Bartholomew Patent Water Closets. 

IMPORTERS INGOT COPPER & PLUMBERS' WEDGEWOOD WARE. 

Dealers in Banca Tin, Pipe and Sheet Lead, Solder and BdbUtfs Metal. 

I'HOPRIETOMS OF 

PHCENIX IRON ITirORKS, 

85, 87 & 89 HOI.I4IDAY STREET, 

CA.ST IKOTsJ" I>II>E, 

For Sewer, Drain, Steam and Water, BENDS, BEANCHES, TEAPS, BATH 
TUBS, Hoppers, etc., etc. 

ALL KINDS MACHIN E CASTINGS. 

BRANCH HO USE, 1312 Broadway, New YorJe. 



304 



The Monumental City, 




Baltimore Bell and Brass Works, 

JOSHUA RESaESSTSR ^ SONS^ 

JSTos, 53 and 55 JS^. SOLLIDAY STBBET, BALTIMOMB, 

E. F. BROOKS, 

SPECIALTIES 

IN 

CRYSTAL, BRONZE & GILT 

CHANDELIERS. 

Staple Goods at Factory Prices. 
PLUMBING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 



None but Fir st-C lass Workmen Employed. 

17 Iff. BUTAlTir STRSBT^ 

John H. Haskell's 

Old Established 

OAED, LEATHER BELTING 
And Hose Manufactory, 

ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF 

COTTON 




S MANUFACTURER'S ARTICLES, t« 
BELT& HOSE MAKER, 

. 33 SO.EUTAW ST. BAITIMORE. > 



Woolen Manufacturers' 

Eailroad Supplies 

On hand, or furnished to order. 



Its Past Histoet and Pkesent Kesources. 205 

mmtoi 




206 The Mois-umental City, 

Iron. 



HE Iron Trade of Baltimore is one of her most prominent interests. The 
very ground upon which the city is built is an ore-bank, and the neigh- 
boring hills teem with this valuable metal in the crude state,' ready to be 
manipulated at the least possible expense, for the purposes of trade. The 
Iron made from this ore has the highest reputation for car-wheels and 
malleable purposes. It is known all over this country and is in great demand 
from the extreme East to the West, being considered by the trade superior to 
all other Iron for such uses. The numerous water courses in the vicinity of 
Baltimore immediately adjacent to the main lines of communication, offer 
admirable facilities for smelting ore, while the railroads running directly to 
the coal mines, or the localities where charcoal is prepared, reduce the cost 
and transportation of fuel to a minimum figure, which enables manufacturers 
to produce the metal with profit to themselves, and at reasonable rates to 
consumers. The furnaces which supply the trade of Baltimore are twenty- 
six in number, of which twenty- three are at present in blast, and doing a very 
active and increasing business. Of the above, fifteen are charcoal furnaces, 
four anthracite, and three are coke. The production of Iron in the aggregate, 
amounted in 1872, to 54,000 tons. In connection with these furnaces are a 
number of Bar and Plate Iron Works, which do a heavy business — one com- 
pany alone running four Plate Mills, which yield an annual product of 
§1,000,000 in value. Aside from the Soiling Mills of the great railroad 
corporations, which have termini in this city, there are works for the manu- 
facture of Eailroad and Plated Iron, Car- Wheels, Rivets and Spikes, Boilers, 
Steam Engines, &c., &c., which in magnitude and excellence of workmanship 
will compare favorably with similar manufacturing establishments in any 
portion of the countrv- 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



RAILS, BOILER AND PLATE IRON 

CONTRACTS MADE FOR RE-ROLLIFS RAILS. 



C. H. ASHBUBNSS, J. S. SILMAN, J. A. h. UOBBSLL, 

President. Vice-Fresident. Treasurer and Secretary. 



Its Past Histoey ai^d Present Eesources. 



207 



ESTABLISHED 1871. 

ROBERT POOI.E. GERMAN H. HIJKT. 

POOLE & HTTNT, 

FOUITDEES & MACHINISTS, 

Northern 

Central 

Railway, 




Baltimore Co. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 

PORTABLE Sl STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES, 
STEi^M: BOILERS, 

Sabcock & Wilcox's I*atent Tubiilous Steam Boiler, 

THE CELEBRATED 

Leflel Patent American DOUBLE TURBINE WATER WHEEL, 

THJE BJEST WATER WB.EEI, IN BXISTENCJE. 

CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, GANG SAW MILLS, 
EBAUGH'S PATENT CRUSHER FOR MINERALS, &c 

MINING MACHINERY, GRIST MILLS, 

FLOURING MILL MACHINERY, HYDROSTATIC PRESSES, 

SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS. 

Machinery for White Lead Works, Cotton Seed and other Oil Mills. 



The Proprietors possess in their extensive and well appointed "Workshops, (between 
which and the Office there is instantaneous communication by means of Magnetic Tele- 
graph Wires,) unsurpassed facilities for the Manufacture of MACHINERY and CAST- 
INGS of the largest and heaviest character, and of the best quality, both as regards 
materials and workmanship. They will be pleased to have a call from any who are in 
want of good Machinery in their line of manufacture, or to reply to inquiries by mail; 
and promise their best effort to please purchasers, both as to quality and price. 

ADDRESS, POOLE 8l hunt, 

BALTIMORB, 

Established 1851, not '^1871" as printed above. 



208 



The Monumental City, 




STICKNEY IRON COMPANY, 

CLINTON STREET, CANTON. 

CHARCOAL PIG IRON. 

J. H. STIOKNEY, President. WILLIAM OLIVER, Jr., Manager. 

WILLIAM HARVEY, Secretary. REED, STIOKNEY & CO., Selling Agents. 

OFFICE,— Wo. 4.2 SECOND STREET, 

ba.ltim:oiie. 



TROXBLLi^ HANDY d^ GRSER, 

ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL AND COKE PIG IRON, 



AND 



CHABCOAL HAMMERED BLOOMS, 

Dealers in Bar, Bundle and Sheet Iron; Cut Nails and Spikes; 
Horse and Mule Shoes, &c. 

Corner Charles and German Sis. BALTIMORE. 



Its Past History and PRESEifT Resources. 209 



ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL & COKE PIG IRON, 

SOOTOH PIG IRON, 

DEALERS IN ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF 

Bar, Sheet and Boiler Plate Iron, Cast and Spring Steel, Nails and Horse Shoes. 

CORNER CALVJEJBT AND GERMAN STREETS, 
BALTIMORE. 

DENMEAD & SON, 

Corner North and 3Ionument Streets, Baltimore, 

MANUFACTURERS OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE 

STSAIYE IZNGINBS AMD BOILSRS 

OF -A.LIL SIZES. 

subsSncIf ' ^''^^''^ PULVERIZING MILLS, for Guanos, Bones and other hard 
GRIFFITH & WUNDRAM'S PATENT SAFET Y-TUBE BOILERS. 

THE BALTIMORE STEAM BOILER WORKsT 
No. 25 SOUTH FKONT ST., 

® ALTI M @ E 1, 

Manufacture STEAM BOILERS of every description, 

TANKS, STILLS, 

AND ALL KINDS OF I>LATE IRON WORK. 

C. W. BENTLEY, President. JNO. E. BENTLEY, Se cretary. 

Jonsr T. coiiEMAnr. „.^„„, _ " 

SAMUEI. G. TAYI.OR. 

COLEMAN & TAYLOR, 






CORNER MOLLIDATAND HILLEN STREETS, 

Near Hillen Street Bridge, BALTIMORE 

Manufacrers of all ^'^-^BATO^and |TEA„ «3I^^^^^^^^ TANKS, OIl' 

PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAIRS. 



210 The Monumental City, 

THOMAS C. BASSHOR & CO. 

28 Light Street, Baltimore, 

JUantifacturers and Dealers in, 

BOILERS, ENGINES, PUMPS, 
Plain and Galvanized Iron Pipe, 

Fittings, Brass Work, Heaters, &c. 

Steam Heating in all its branches. 

SOLE AQ£NTS FOB 

Bacon's Hoisting Engines, Earle's Patent Steam 
Fump, Pickering's Governor and Valve, Cham- 
pion's Patent Boiler Feeder, American Steam 
Guage Co.'s Steam Guages, Brown's Low 
Water Keporter, &o. &c. 
8»- SEND FOR CATALOGUE. 

C. EEEDEH & CO. 
Iffo. 51 Hughes Street, Baltimore^ 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

]\d:^ii I ]Nr E 

AND 




Machinery and Castings of all kinds. 

PLYNN & • EMRICH, 

3O9 52 and 54 North Holliday Street, JBaltitnore, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Steam Engines «S; Boilers, Iron & Wood Working Machinery, Presses, Punches, 
Dies and Tinners' Tools of every description, and all kinds of Machinery. 

SOL,i: AGEDfTS FOR 

Knowles' Patent Steam Pump, New YorK Safety Stpani Power Company's 
Eng^ines and Boilers, and Clogrstton'!* Patent Steam Heating Apparatus. 

STEAM HEATING, "WITH OLOGSTON'S HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE STEAM 
HEATING APPARATUS, for Warming and Ventilating Public and Private Buildings, 
Mills, Factories, Green Houses, Graperies, &c. The above apparatus may be seen in 
operation at ou r own establisliment. 

CUMBERLAND DUCAN & CO. 

No. 26 SOUTH CHARLES ST., BALTIMORE, 

KEEPS ALWAYS 0]S" HAND A LARGE ASSORTMEiq-T OP 

ZSNG-INES and BOII^ERS, 

BOTH STATIONARY AND PORTABLE. 

Lathes, Plai^ees and Dkills for working in Iron; Lathes, Pla]S"ees 
and Moulding Machines ; Morticing Machines and Saw Tables for 
working in Wood; Anvils, Vises, Bellows, Nuts and Washers; Wrought 
Iron and Cast Iron Pipe, for Gas and Water; Portable Forges and Drill 
Presses for Blacksmiths; Steam Pumps, all sizes, &c. &c. 



Its Past Histokt and Present Eesources. 



211 



j^isriD 



fo:r 
Motels, Stores, Warehouses, &c,, &e, 

ALSO, 

HOISTING ENGINES 

For Shipping,Wharves, Coal Yards, Mines, TTinnels,&c. 

MANUFACTURED BY 

SNOWDEN & COWMAN, 

86 mr. Fayette Street, 



IRON FOUNDER 



AND MANUFACTURER OF 



lVA9« 



For Warehouses, Hotels, Dwellings, &c. 

coBNJEit jpbai;t and pbbsident stbbbts, 

BA_LTIMOIiE. 



ANDREW MERKER. 



GUSTAV KRUG. 



A. MERKER & KRUG, 

Manufacturers of every Description of 

S. W. Oor. Saratoga and Jasper Streets, 

BETWEEN EUTAW AND PACA, 

BALTIMORE, 

Such as Wrought and Cast Iron RAILINGS, DOORS, SHUTTERS and SAFES, and are 
prepared to put up work in the city and country at the shortest notice, and on reasonable 
terms. All Orders promptly attended to. . 



212 



The Mokumental City, 

HUTCHINSON BROS. 



MANUFACTURERS OF THE 

NEW "FLAT TOP 



9? 



AGENTS FOR THE 

Golden Eagle Furnace, 

No, 14 LIGST STBBET, 

WM. E. WOOD & CO. 

Inventors and Manufacturers of the 

3F» jAl 3E1. X S» -3E^ja^TSf<3^3Si^ 

SIX SIZES, FOR FAMILIES AND HOTELS. 

Also of the Lightning and Parlor Sun Fire Place Heaters. 

Agents for the Laiuson Hot-Air Furnaces, Warren Upper Oven Manges, and 
the most approved GooTc and Heat Stoves, Grates, Registers, &c. 

Special attention paid to the manufacture and erection of GOLD'S STEAM HEATING 
and VENTDLiATING APPARATUS; New Forms of Cast Iron Direct and Indirect 
RADIATORS, for Steam or Hot Water; Agents for CONDE'S CHALLENGE STEAM 
PUMP and AMERICAN GOVERNOR; Dealers in Wrought Iron PIPE, FITTINGS, 
VALVES, COCKS, and MACHINISTS' SUPPLIES GENERALLY. 

WM, JE, WOOD & CO,f cor. Baltimore & Eutaio Sis., Baltimore. 

DUFUR «£ GO. 

ISTo. 86 

N. HOWARD ST. 

BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers of 




Wire Grating, Sieves, Fenders, Cages, Wire Cloth, Coal 
and Sand Screens, also Iron Bedsteads, Chairs, ^c. 

MANUFACTUKER OF 

Ship, Steamboat and Yacht Fi^ztures, 

SHIP CHANDLERY, HARDWARE 



Anchors and v««««»i^9 

HUGHES AND COVINGTON STS., SOUTH BALTIMOEE. 



Its Past History an"d Preseitt Eesources. 



3ia 



Rivets and Spikes. 



FN 1865, a Factory was established in this city, under very modest auspices^ 
for the manufacture of Eivets and Spikes. The concern prospered, and 
from time to time was enlarged. It passed subsequently into the hands of 
one of our most energetic citizens, and has become one of the largest establish- 
ments in America. That which was originally a mere machine shop possesses 
to-day a capacity almost unlimited for the manufacture of all the smaller 
articles known to the trade in connection with Kailroads, Boilers, &c., such 
as Eivets and Spikes, Bolts of all kinds, Nuts, Washers, Wood Screws, &c. 
Already the trade in these articles from this Factory has assumed large- 
proportions in our city and elsewhere. Large quantities of them are shipped 
through the country, North, South and West, and the trade is on the increase. 
Purchasers can be supplied in our city at the most reasonable rates, and 
the skill displayed in their production is a guarantee that buyers will be 
satisfied. 

Eemoved to Corner President and Fawn Streets. 




^ 

»> 



bd 






M 



IZ| 1?=! 

It" 
Hi 

C/2 



ENOCH PRATT. 



HENRY JANES-. 



E. PRATT & BROTHER, 

27 and 29 South Charles Street, Baltimore^ 



ii^oisr, OUT isr^iLs, si^ikes, 
HORSE AND MULE SHOES. 

Taunton Yellow Metal and Cumberland Coal. 



.m. 



nviht 



0., %ivino-M.otit Mattttf^ttttrers^ 



Ware-Rooms, TSo. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 

112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW VORK CITY. 



214 The Monumental City, 




JVos. 6 and 8 ^T. Charles Street, Baltimore. W. H. SADIiES, Pres't. 



Architectural Iron Works. 



«F the many uses to which Iron is put, none are more comprehensive than 
the modern application of it in the erection of warehouses. The advan- 
t tages claimed for buildings constructed of this material are ease in 
embodying any architectural design, economy in cost, space, moving or 
rebuilding, security against atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning, 
moisture, &c.; ease of ventilation, durability of material and immunity from 
fire. We have in Baltimore one of the largest establishments in the country 
for the manufacture of Architectural Iron Works. Bartlett, Eobbins & Co. 
began business in 1844 as stove founders. They soon added the manufac- 
ture of railing and ornamental work generally, and later on added the 
business of Architectural Iron Work proper. A large number of first-class 
iron buildings have been erected by them in this city; among which may be 
mentioned, as monuments of their skill, and admirable illustrations of the 
advantages of this new method of house-building, the following: the Tracy 
Building, Baltimore street; Numsen Building, Light street; Consolidated 
Building, corner German and South streets; Office Building of George R. 
Vickers, German near South street; McOreery Building, corner German and 
Sharp streets; Gary Building, on Hanover street; Noah Walker Building, 
on Baltimore street above Howard; and J. W. Bond & Co.'s Building, !N"os. 90 
and 92 West Baltimore Street, opposite Post Office Avenue. 

The Works of this firm are very extensive, embracing every facility for 
the manufacture of material used in the construction or enjoyment of an 
iron building to the minutest detail ; walls, floors, doors, windows, roof, por- 
ticoes, balconies, cornices, vaults, ventilators, fences, gates, fountains, vases, 
statuary, chairs, settees, gas and water fixtures, a heating apparatus, ranges 
or cooking stoves, parlor stoves, grates, brackets, stable fixtures, iron pave- 
ments, pots and kettles, culinary implements, bedsteads, in fact everything 
except beds and bedding, and science will doubtless ere long find some means 
of remedying this apparent difficulty. Independent of the work done in 
Baltimore by Bartlett, Robbins & Co., they are constantly in receipt of orders 
from other cities, and already have erected many iron buildings in New 
York, Richmond, Raleigh, New Orleans, Galveston, as far as Portland, Oregon, 
where they erected the "Corbett Hall," a building constructed at their works 
in Baltimore and carried around Cape Horn to its destination on the Pacific. 



Its Past History and Peesen-t Resources. 



CD 

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316 The Monumental City, 



Iron Bridge Building. 

fEOlST Bridge Building, since the advent of Eailroads in this country has 
assumed mammoth proportions. The multiform character of the work^ 
W the exceeding nicety required in construction, and the eminent engineering 
skill necessary, have made it a very important branch of industry, and have 
led to the employment of some of the ablest minds in America. Baltimore 
in this regard occupies a prominent position, in fact she is not second to any 
of our large cities. Two extensive Firms, the Patapsco Bridge and Iron Works, 
and the Baltimore Bridge Company have been established in this city with 
branches in other places. The former especially has erected very extensive 
works in our midst necessitating a large outlay of capital and requiring for 
their operations a heavy laboring force. Collectively these Firms have manu- 
factured twelve miles of Bridging and Trestle-work. To mention in this 
work the names of the various railroad corporations that have sought their 
skill would exceed the limits necessarily allotted to this department. Suffice 
it to say, their industry may be seen on nearly every railroad in this country, 
and on a number of railroads in South America. The Patapsco Bridge and 
Iron Company have built two and a half miles of Bridging and Trestle-work 
in North Carolina, crossing and connecting both branches of the Cape Fear 
Kiver, and using Pneumatic Piles instead of masonry, and passing through 
three separate strata of rock in the bed of the river, encountering in the last 
two strata cypress trees from ten to thirty inches in diameter, and in a perfect 
state of preservation. They have also constructed Bridges in Cuba and Mexico; 
and the numerous Bridges built in this city and on the railroads and county 
roads leading out of it, bear ample testimony to the estimation in which they 
are held. 

The Baltimore Bridge Company constructed the St. Charles Bridge across 
the Missouri Eiver 6,675 feet in length and 90 feet above low water, the Eock 
Island Bridge across the Mississippi 1,840 feet in length, the great Yarrugas 
Viaduct which spans one of the deep chasms in the heart of the Andes 
12,000 feet above the level of the sea, on wrought iron pins at a maximum 
elevation of 252 feet, and a number of other works which attest their skill. 
The science of pneumatics has been specially availed of, and piles of the 
largest dimensions ever yet sunk have been successfully laid in the swamps of 
North Carolina. It must be borne in mind, in order to appreciate the extent 
of this business in Baltimore, that the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad builds 
its own Bridges. A better market than our city for those in need of this kind 
of work cannot be found in the world. There are very extensive iron and 
machine shops in Baltimore comprehensive in their scope, where every class of 
iron-work is done. 



Its Past History A]srD Present Kesources. 



217 



BALTIMORE BRID&E CO 

54 LEXINGTON STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 

71 BROADWAY, - - New York. 



C. SHALEB SHITH, 

PRESIDENT AND CHIEF ENG'R. 

C. H. LATROBE, 

ASSOCIATE ENG'R, SECT'Y AND TREAS'R. 



T. H. SMITH, 

ASSOCIATE ENG'R AND GEN'L SUP'T. 

C. C. WEENSHALL, 

SUP'T OF ERECTION. 



BENJAMIN H. LATROBB, Consulting Engineer. 




DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT 



Iron, Steel and Composite Bridges and Roofs 

OF ANY FORM AND SPAN DESIRED. 

Our Fatent Wrought- Iron Viaducts and Trestles for 
crossing deep Ravines and wide Valleys 
are a specialty. 

We refer to the Rock Island Bridge across the Mississippi, built for the United States; 
to the St. Charles Bridge across the Missouri, on the North Missouri Railroad ; to the 
Varrugas Viaduct for the Lima and Oroya Railroad, Peru, 252 feet high. These with 
numerous other Railroad and Highway Bridges, &c., amount to an aggregate of 41,000 
lineal feet of Bridging and Viaduct, designed and constructed by us during the past six 
years. We are prepared to furnish first-class 

COUNTY ROAD-BRIDGES, 

And Commissioners can obtain any desired information from us. 



14 



Ijitliograplis Sent on Application. 



218 



The Monumental City, 



PATAPSCO BRIDGE AND IRON WORKS, 

-W^ENDELL BOLLMAN, PROPRIETOR, 

The only Establishment in Baltimore Manufacturing its own Bridges, 




BOLLMAN'S PATENT SUSPENSION TRUSS, 

And other forms of Iron and Combination Bridges, Roofs, Iron Fronts and every descrip- 
tion of Cast and Wrouglit Iron Work for Buildings and Railroad construction. 

F»]SrEXJ]VE^TIO F»ILE, 

Having on hand all tlie necessary appliances for sinking the same, we would call especial 
attention to our great facilities for executing this branch of work. 

THIEMEYER'S PATENT SWITCHES. 
JEight-Inch Cast Iron Revolving Station Water Column, 

Which will fill locomotive tanks in about one minute, and such as used on the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad. 

MARINE WORK IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 

The most improved designs and thorough execution guaranteed in the construction of 
aU classes of work. 

OFFICE, No. 8 S. Gay St., Baltimore, "WOSKS, Canton, Baltimore. 



GEO. W. P. COATES. 



CHAS. E. COATES. 



GOATES <£ BROTHER, 

iiLUHi illLL! 



BALTIMORE, 

Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Iron, for LOCOMOTIVE and MARINE 
BOILERS ; also, best Iron for Tube and Gas Pipe furnished. 

No. 1 Iron for Cylinder Boilers, and Common Puddled Plate for Tanks, made 
at short notice. Iron from 1 inch thick to No. 27. Wire Gauge furnished. 

^ote. — All Iron exposed to Fire reheated and warranted sound. 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF HOMOGENEOUS ** PAT APSOO PLATES." 



Coal. 



jMONG the many branches of industry which have contributed to the 
development and financial advancement of Baltimore City, the Coal 
trade may be specially cited. The inexhaustible supplies of Bitumi- 
nous Coal furnished from the Cumberland Coal regions, the superior quality 
of the article, the Gas Coal from West Virginia, and the Anthracite Coal 
brought to the City from the Coal regions of Pennsylvania, all point to Balti- 



Its Past History and Presekt Eesources. 219 

more as a centre for that trade, and the lines of railroad now in process of 
construction, and the contemplated extension of others at no distant day, 
make it scarcely problematical that our City is to be in the future, the most 
extensive Coal market in America if not in the world. The Bituminous Coal 
regions, situated about two hundred miles from Baltimore and extending 
along the G-eorges Creek Valley from Piedmont to Frostburg, have never been 
fully explored. Hidden away there are endless mines of wealth which the 
labor of a thousand years will not appreciably diminish. It is only within 
the last few years that the real value of Bituminous Coal has been discovered. 
The strikes and difficulties encountered by operators at the Anthracite mines, 
and the sudden elevation of prices resulting therefrom, have led to its intro- 
duction where it was before unknown, and its use has been attended in every 
instance with a desire to repeat the experiment. The rapid substitution of 
steam in every branch of industry and trade for the ruder and slower appli- 
ances has already created an immense demand for its use, but what may be 
expected in the future can scarcely be hypothecated upon any data at present 
in hand. But a few years ago, 1,700 tons were considered a heavy shipment of 
Coal from the mines for one year— 2,345,153 tons were shipped from the 
mines in 1871, and 2,355,471 tons in 1872, and this, though a very decided 
indication of the increase in the trade, gives but a feeble idea of what it will 
be in future years when competing routes are opened up and the supply is 
made commensurate with the demand for Bituminous Coal. There were shipped 
to Baltimore in 1872, 1,915,000 tons from the Cumberland Coal regions ; of 
Gas Coal from Western Virginia, 250,000 tons; of Anthracite Coal from Penn- 
sylvania about 350,000 tons. The completion of the Pittsburg and Connells- 
ville Eailroad has opened up to the market another region of Gas Coal from 
which doubtless in a short time large supplies will be obtained. The Coal at 
present received in Baltimore affords freight for 5,000 vessels, ranging in size 
from the largest class of ships to the smallest coasting schooners. It is shipped 
to all ports along the coast of the United States, and during the past eighteen 
months a foreign trade has sprung into existence which bids fair to rival that 
of any port in the world. Two years ago, Coal was seldom shipped from 
Baltimore to any foreign port except Aspinwall. Since that time, Cumber- 
land Coal has grown rapidly into favor. A panic, caused by well-grounded 
fears of the exhaustion of the English Coal mines, has seized upon the opera- 
tors in Great Britain and the prices have steadily advanced with no likelihood 
of any reduction. The result has been a demand upon the Baltimore market 
which it has been found at times difficult to meet, and to-day, Coal is shipped 
from this City to all quarters of the globe. The immense resources of the 
Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal are taxed 
beyond their capacity to supply the market, and the extension of the Western 
Maryland Eailroad to the Coal regions is merely a matter of time, while the 
Canton Company have it in contemplation to run a shorter and quicker route 
to the Bituminous Coal regions and to Pittsburg by means of which the trade 
can be indefinitely extended. 



220 The Monumental City, 

GILMOR MEREDITH. BENJAMIN C. BARROLL, Jr. 

GILMOR MEREDITH & CO. 

SHIPPING AND COMMISSION MEECHANTS, 

AGENTS 

PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP CO. 

To negotiate Coal Charters to Aspinwall, Panama, Acapulco, San Francisco and Ports in 

Japan and China, 

Consolidation Coal Company of Md. 

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 

GEORGES CREEK CUMBERLAND COAL, 

AND OF THE 

TJisrioisr ]Sd:iisri]N^a oo. 

Manufacturers of the Celebrated "Mount Savage" FIRE BRICK and CLAY, 

J^o. 2S SOUTJBC GAT STBBBT, 

P. 0. Box 773. Bi?LLTI]y:ORE. 

CHS. F. MAYER. SAML. S. CARKOLL. 

MAYER, CARROLL & CO. 

Shipping and Commission Merchants, 
Miners and Shippers 

OF 

Georges Creek Cumberland Coal, 

AND 

WEST VIRGINIA GAS AND CANNEL 



Receiye Coal on consignment for Shipping and negotiate Coal Charters to all Domestic 

and Foreign Ports. 

No. 13 OERMiA^Isr STREET, 

(Near South Street,) 

Shipping Wharf, Locust Point. (P. 0. Box 257.) BALTIMORE. 



Its Past History an"d Presen-t Eesources. 221 

Petroleum. 



8ALTIM0RE offers great facilities for the refining and shipment of Petro- 
leum or Coal Oil; and these are rapidly effecting an increase in the 
W amount passing through this market. The double connection by rail with 
the oil region, the cheap rates of transportation, and the abundant means of 
storage, compare favorably with those offered by any other seaport. The 
completion of the Union Railroad, with its tunnel, will still farther promote 
this trafl&c ; so will also the competition of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
effecting a reduction in freights. As a market for southern purchasers, Balti- 
more is unequalled. 

MERRITT, JONES & CO. 

OFFICE, No. 56 EXCHANGE PLACE, 

Next door to Post Office on Lombard Street, 

BALTIMO RE. 

Paints and Chemicals. 

■^ '^ANY years ago the manufacture of Chemicals was an especial feature of 
the trade of this City in so much that cities of larger growth were 
dependent upon Baltimore for their supplies. For some unexplained 
reason the business dwindled down and the preparation of these articles fell 
away to almost nothing. The introduction of guano, however, as a fertilizer, 
and the discovery that its nutritive properties were vastly increased when in 
combination with other compounds dissolved by acid, led to a revival of the 
manufacture of Chemicals under circumstances which justify us in concluding 
if not at present, that it will ere long be one of the most important industries 
in our City. 

The number of factories for the manufacture of Oil of Vitrei, Muriatic 
and Nitric Acids and Sulphate of Ammonia has doubled, and those already 
in existence have largely increased their capacity. 

Immense quantities of Sulphuric Acid are required in the preparation of 
fertilizers, and as the manufacture of the latter article is largely on the increase 



222 The Monumental City, 

in this City it is difficult to fix a limit to the expansion of trade in these 
articles. 

Epsom Salts, (Sulphate of Magnesia) Glauber Salts (Sulphate of Soda) 
and (Sulphate of Iron) Copperas, are manufactured in great quantities for 
the use of the wholesale druggists. In these regards our City may be consid- 
ered independent of any other community. Large quantities of indigenous 
roots possessing Chemical or remedial properties are also consumed in Balti- 
more by the wholesale dealers in medicines, and are sent to all portions of the 
country. The manufacture of medicines, with the exception of those already 
mentioned, has recently become an interest in the City, but the energy and 
enterprise displayed by those engaged in the business, lead to the conclusion 
that it is soon to become a very important branch of industry. 

Large amounts of money are invested in the wholesale drug business, and 
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our substantial and leading citizens. 

The only establishment in America for the manufacture of Bi-Chromate of 
Potash, is located here, and the largest factory in the world for the manufac- 
ture of Chrome Yellow is also located in this City. Paints of every descrip- 
tion are manufactured at this factory, but Chrome Yellow has become a 
specialty and is exported in large quantities to all quarters of the globe. In 
South America, European manufactures have found it impossible to compete 
with Baltimore, and at this time trade with that country is practically 
monopolized by our dealers. 

The reputation of Baltimore for the manufacture of Paints is equal to that 
of any city in the world. Large supplies of Soda, Boots, Dye Woods, 
Cochineal and Quick Silver, are imported from South America and West 
Indies, besides Nitrate of Potash from the East Indies, and Arsenic and Paris 
Green from other places. Salt-Petre, for packers in the West, is extensivly 
manufactured in Baltimore. It is estimated that fully $5,000,000 are invested 
in the manufacture of Paints and Chemicals in the city of Baltimore, and it 
is difficult to fix an estimate to the amount of sales made annually. 

It may be added that the Maryland White Lead Company, who are very 
large corroders, have one of the most extensive establishments in the country. 
There are other houses largely engaged in the manufacture and grinding in 
oil of White Lead, White Zinc and Colors. Baltimore Lead is shipped to all 
parts of the United States, and has a reputation equalled by few articles of a 
similar character made elsewhere and excelled by none. Baltimore has also 
one of the oldest Varnish Factories in America for manufacturiug fine 
Furniture and Coach Varnishes, Japan, Leather and Dormer Varnishes. — 
This house has been manufacturing these goods for forty years. Among the 
houses engaged in the manufacture of Linseed Oil is the firm of Thomas and 
John M. Smith, established nearly thirty years ago. The reputation of this 
house for the production of a pure article is national. Eaw and Double 
Boiled Linseed Oils are manufactured by them and shipped to many points in 
the North, South, East and West. 



Its Past History Aiq^D Peesent Eesources. 



23t 



JOHN J. THOMSEN. 



ALONZO LILLY, Jk. 



JOHN P. MUTH. 



THOMSEN, LILLY & 



J 



IMPORTERS OF 



DRUGS, CHEMICAIS, DYE-STUFFS, 

ESSENTIAL OILS, SPONGES, CHAMOIS SKINS, 



And a General Assortment of 



Di^uGGisTS' Fancy Goods, 

ISTo. 36 HANOVER STREET. 



EDWARD A. SMITH 

MANUFACTURING- 



Fluid and Solid Medicinal Extracts. 

Pure Natural Fruit Juices and Syrups. 

Artificial Fruit Essences, Distilled 
Waters. 

Standard Pharmaceutical and Chemical 
Preparations. 

No. 52 S. Sharp St., Baltimore. 



224 The Monumental City, 

VITIVI. H. BROlTim & BRO. 




NO. 25 SOUTH SHARP STREET, 

BALTIMORE, 

Importers and Jobbers of 

D2?Ta.gs, ]VIediciiies, Clieiiiicals, 

ESSENTIAL OILS, CORKS, SPONGES, 

Fancy Goods, Perfumery and Druggists' Sundries. 




This is the name of 

One of the Sweetest Perfumes in America. 

It is made hy our felloiv-townsm^an, W. IT. READ, and 

has a large sale. Any one that uses it 

once will never he without it. 

R. J. BAKER & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

DYE-WOOD, DYE-STUFFS, GLUE, 

Indigo, Madder, Bi- Carbonate of Soda, Etc. 
OIL YITRIOL AND CHEMICALS 

FOR MAKING 

SUPER-PHOSPHATES AND FERTILIZERS, 

36.<fe 38 South. Oliarles St., Baltimore, 

MARYLAND PAINT & COLOR WORKS 

Established 1828. 

G. & N. POPPLEIN, JR. 

No. 27 HANOVEE STREET, BALTIMORE, 
Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in 

Paints, Colors, Oils, Varnishes, Brushes; Flint, Sand and 
Emmery Papers; Artists', Gilders' and Painters' Sup- 
plies; Lithographers' Yellows; Trego's Chrome 
Yellows for Export; Baltimore do. do.; Ame- 
rican Yermillions; Chrome Greens, Sj-c. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 235 

BALTIMORE CHROME WORKS, 

JESSE TYSON, President, 

MANUFACTORY OF 

BI-CHROMATE OF POTASH, 

Having large Works in the South-Eastern part of the City. Started in 1845. For 

several years the markets in the United States have been mainly 

supplied with Bi-Chromate by this Establishment. 

WM. STUART SYMINGTON. THOS. A. SYMINGTON. 

Patapsco diemical IXTorks^ 

SYMINGTON BROS. & CO. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



ACIDS & OTHER CHEMICALS, 

Works on Locust Point, Office, 44 South Street, 

CHAS. F. PITT & SONS, 
Importers and Commission Merchants, 

116 LOMBARD STREET, 

Baltimore. 

Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, Sal Soda, 
Rosin, Indigo, Jute Butts, &c. 



^. DAVISON & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

VARNISHES, WHITE LEAD, 

PEENCH AND AMEBICAN ZINCS IN OIL, 

Epsom Salts, Refined Saltpetre, Spanish Brown, 

Yenitian Red, Colors, Patty, 

Lamp Black, ^c. 

104 West Lombard Street, Baltimore. 



226 The Monumental City, 

WM. DAVISON, President. GILBERT T. SMITH, Sec'y. 

Maryland White Lead Company 

OF THE CITY OF BALTIMORE. 




1 



Manufacturersi of 




j^lSTTD 



MB m %m 



Office — N^o. SO West Lombard Street. 
Factory — Loctist Point, 



CHAELES J. BAKER, THOMAS M. SMITH, 

JAMES E. TYSON, JOHK GREGG. 



Incorporated 1@67, 

CAPITAL, ..$30 0,00 0. 

With a corroding capacity of 3,000 tons and upwards per annum, this 
Company possesses unsurpassed facilities for the manufacture of WHITE 
LEAD, (dry and ground in oil,) which is guaranteed to be strictly pure 
and in every respect equal in quality to the very finest made. 



Its Past Histoet Ai^D Present Kesources. 

THOS. & JNO. M. SMITH, 



227' 



LINSEED OIL, 

IVTos. 121 and 123 Smithes HKFTol^lvT, 

BA.LTI]>d:ORE. 



Flaxseed Boiifjht. 



READ! READ! READ!--CREAT DISCOVERY! 



m% Mmm»©l 



ii 



Made from Pure White Lead, Linseed Oil and Zinc, 
and always Eeady for use. 

Sold, by tlie Gallon. 

ONE GALLON COVERS 20 SQUARE YARDS TWO COATS. 

C. P. KNIGHT, 

SOLE AGENT, 

No. 93 W. LOMBARD ST., BALTIMORE. 

Specimens and Price List furnished gratis. 

The Plains, Fauquier Co., Va., February 6th, 1873. 

Mr. C. p. Knight — Sir: — The "Paint" came safely to hand as ordered — two kegs, five 
gallons each, and three buckets, one gallon each. As practice was slack, I did the job 
myself. Two weeks, not constant work, completed the house, two coats. The last coat 
I applied thick, and it is now generally conceded, that for "Enamel" like hardness, and 
body, and harmony of colors, there is not a handsomer job in the place. I saved sixty- 
five ($65) DOLLARS by the operation, which is an item just now with " Southern People." 
It should be generally adopted in this State. Any country lad can apply it. 

I never dabbed in such stock as Testimonials, but I feel so forcibly the great adapta- 
bility of your "Enamel Paint" to the wants of our people in excellency of material, in 
beauty of color, and in the fact of its being ready mixed, that I give you free permission 
(if it is desirable to you) to make what use you think proper of this letter. 

^ Very respectfully and truly, S. McGILL, M. D. 




Naval Stores. 



IHE steady improvement in the market for Naval Stores in our City is 
due to greater facilities as well as lower rates of freights arising from 
shorter lines of road, which enable Baltimore to compete favorably with 
Northern markets. 

The establishment of additional lines of Steamers to Europe will soon 
restore the foreign freight room of which the introduction of steam lines 
temporarily deprived our city by monopolizing the more lucrative freights 



228 The Monumental City, 

and thus dispensing with a large number of sailing vessels. The superiority 
of Baltimore over any one Southern market lies in the fact that, receiving 
from all points South, she can offer the produce of many markets, and 
forward in thorough order, merchandize which has been in transit from two 
to five days, the time requisite for reaching the City. 

We append the receipts at this port for the last five years : 

Years. Spirits. Bosin. Tar. Pitch. 

1872, 21,407 77,990 10,207 3,168 

1871, 22,852 79,352 11,302 1,941 

1870, 15,523 66,003 8,088 781 

1869, 14,434 51,520 5,686 870 

1868, 11,646 ...53,904 6,629 649 

IEdgar M. Lazarus. Robt. A. Taylor. 

E. M. LAZARUS & CO. 

COMMISSIOir MERCHANTS 

59 S. Gray Street, Baltimore, 

F4»R THE SAL,E OF 

COTTON AND NAVAL STORES. 

KEEPING CONSTANTLY ON HAND 

SPIMITS TURPENTINE, all grades of MOSIN, all si^es 
and kinds of TAM and JPITCM. 

C Morton Stewart. Frank Frick. 

C. MORTON STEWART & GO. 

BALTIMO BE. 

li. N. HOPKI?rS. JOHNS H. JANNEY. 

HOPKINS & JANNEY, 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS 

FOR SALE OF 

Cotton^ Blaval Stores^ £c. 

18 SPEA.R'S A^m^HE, BALTIDNdlORE. 




Its Past History aistd Preseistt Eesources. 32& 

Window Glass and Glass Ware. 



^BW articles admit of more general consumption than Glass, and still 
W^ fewer are liable to a more constant demand. Its varied uses and its 
^ brittle character make it the subject of constant solicitude alike to the 
housekeeper and the merchant, and its plentifulness and cheapness a matter 
of no little consideration. The attention of the trade of Baltimore was turned 
to the manufacture of Window Glass and Glass Ware in the very infancy of 
the City; and the matter of its production and sale was of great importance, 
when only the most sanguine of our citizens dared hope for the splendid 
future that has since dawned upon her. A Glass Factory known as the 
" Baltimore Glass Works," was established on Federal Hill, on the south side 
of the Basin, during the year 1790, and was among the first establishments of 
that description in America. For nearly eighty years it has been in continu- 
ous and successful operation, undergoing from time to time vast additions 
and extensive improvements. Sixteen years since, a new factory was started 
at the Spring Gardens for the manufacture of Bottles, Vials, Jars, &c. In 
1858 this factory changed proprietors, and like its predecessor has undergone 
many improvements, its capacity having been enlarged at various times until 
at present there are in operation two furnaces for the manufacture of Bottles, 
Vials, Jars, Flasks, Demijohns and a great variety of other articles. One 
flint furnace from which are turned out Tumblers, Chimneys, Jars, Vials, 
Cologne and Extract Bottles and all the little Glass articles for the toilet, and 
the perfumers art. These works employ some two hundred hands and manu- 
facture yearly $200,000 worth of Glass Ware. For the manufacture of this 
large amount of Glass it may be interesting to enumerate some few of the 
more important materials consumed. In the space of twelve months this 
factory uses 500 casks of soda ash, 2,000 tons of coal, 500 tons of packing hay 
and straw, 2,000 tons of sand, 50 tons of marl, 1,000 cords of wood, 500 tons 
of lime, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, 10 tons of iron, 50 tons of pot-clay, 300 
kegs of nails, &c., &c. 

The Baltimore Window Glass Works have two large furnaces in operation 
employing about one hundred hands and manufacturing 60,000 boxes of 
Window Glass and Coach Glass for cars and coaches. Picture Glass, 
&c., annually amounting to $160,000. In addition to the establish- 
ments mentioned above, there are also the Maryland Glass Works. This 
factory, erected some years ago on the Spring Gardens has rapidly developed 
into importance and is at present turning out at least 30,000 boxes of Window 
Glass annually, employing a large number of hands and consuming 250 tons 
of soda ash, 600 tons of sand, 1,600 tons of coal, 500 cords of wood, 40 tons 
of pot-clay and a large quantity of lumber. From the above it will be seen 
that the production of Window Glass alone, during the year, amounts to 



230 



The Monumental City, 



90,000 boxes, being an increase since the year 1865 of 60,000 boxes. The 
increase in the manufacture of Glass Ware during that time has doubled, 
making the annual value of the manufacture of the two articles in this City 
at present, something under a million of dollars. The facilities for its manu- 
facture are great. The reputation of Glass made in Baltimore has always 
been the highest; and the merchants engaged in the business are not only, 
thoroughly acquainted with all its minutia, but are among our most influen- 
tial and substantial business men, and they have made this City a market 
where all the articles of Glass manufacture can be purchased at the lowest 
prices, and on the most desirable terms. 



WAREHOUSE 

And 

OFFICE, 

112 Lombard St. 

BALTIMORE. 




FACTORY, 



Foot of 
Leadenhall St. 



BALTIMORE. 



SEIM, EMORY & SWINDELL, 

. Manufacturers of Baltimore Window Glass, 

AND IMPORTERS OF 

French and Crystal Plate, Paints, Oils, Glaziers' Diamonds, &c. 



F. T. HOLTHAIJS. 



H. C. HOLTHAUS. 



F. T. HOLTHAUS & SON, 

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

Window Glass, White Lead and Zinc, 

VAENISHES, BKUSHES, COLORS, 

GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS, &c., &:o. 
51 S. Charles Street, B^LTIMiOBB. 



Its Past Histoey and Peesekt Resources. 231 



WM. KINO. ESTABLKHED 1830. WALLACE KINO. 



WM. EING & BEO. 



IMPORTERS OF 



WINDOW GLASS 

Colored, Enamelled and Fancy 



gilSi 






liiii. A 



JSTos. 2 & 24 LIBERTY STREET, 



The Monumental City, Its Past Histoey, Etc. 233 

CHAELES J. BAKEE. WM. BAKER, Je. CHAELES B. BAKEE. GEO. B. BAKEE. 

BAKER BROTHERS & CO. 

MANUFAOTUEEES OF 

BA.I«TIIKEORZS 




1! 
jii 



nwi 





nw 








Druggists and Perfumers^ 

FLINT & GREEN GLASSWARE, 

Demijohns, Wine Bottles, Flasks, &c. 



IMPOETEES AND DEALEES IN 



FRENCH WINDOW GLASS, 



CHEMICALS, FAINTS, OILS, &c. 



OFFICE AND WAREHOUSES, 

32 Sd 34 S. OE[A.Ili:.ES STUEET. 

WINDOW GLASS FACTOEIES, BOTTLE FACTORIES, 

Federal Mill. Spring Gardens & Eut€tw St, 

15 



334 The Mokumen'tal City, 

Thorough House-Fxirnishing Establishment! 




SAMUBL CHILD d^ GO. 

NO. 20 NORTH CHARLES STREET, 

DIEECT IMPORTERS OP 

FINE FRBNCS DECORATEn CHINA, 

Fine French China plain white. Fine English China do, do. 

Fine French, English & Bohemian TABLE GLASS. INDIA CHINA, beautifully deco- 
rated. Also, BLUE CANTON and NANKEEN WAEE. FINE IVOKY TABLE 
CUTLEEY. Fine Triple Plated Tea Sets, Casters, Cake Baskets, Butter Dishes, 
Ice Pitchers, Waiters, Goblets, &c.. &c. Fine quality Heavy Block TIN, Ja- 
panned and Plain TIN WARE. BASKETS. KITCHEN UTENSILS, and 

MANUFACTURERS OF THE OELEBEATED ICELAND EEFEKJEEATOE. 



J. p. AMMIDON. 



D. F. HAYNES. 



GEORGE LOCKWOOD. 



347 WEST BALTIMORE and 60 QERMAN STS., 

BALTIMOBE. 

FRENCH AND ENGLISH CHINA, 

QUEISIffSlTirARZ: 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Laraps and Ohandeliers, Table Glass-ware, 

G ASTORSp 

SiDoons, Tea Trays and Table Cutlery, &c., &c. 

BURNING AND LUBRICATING OILS. 

We invite attention of purchasers from eyery section of the country, to our large, varied, 
and constantly replenished stock of goods, vs^hich we can confidently say, is unequalled in 
quality and adaptation to the wants of our customers. The facilities for importation of 
English Earthenware into the Port of Baltimore are such, that we do not hesitate to say, 
we can offer advantages to close buyers which other cities cannot. 

"We keep constantly on hand a large assortment of Original and Assorted Packages of 
Queensware, Lamp Q-oods and Glassware at very low figvires. 

Prices and Goods guaranteed. 

^]M]VIIDON & CO. 



" Its Past History and Present Eesources. 235 

Mcdowell & co. 



m 




nSTo. 364 Baltimore St. 

Opposite Hanover Street, B A.XjX 1 M. O K£j . 

Gnano and Fertilizers. 



l^tHILE immense tracts of land are being cleared for cultivation in the 
West, and grain is becoming so plentiful as to be used in some in- 
stances for fuel, the soil nearer home in many cases is suffering a 
corresponding decrease in productiveness from the thriftless mode of tillage 
adopted by some, and the great tax of its powers by all farmers in their efforts 
to secure from it the very greatest possible yield. It is gratifying to know 
however, that this destructive policy has been in a measure checked during 
the last few years, and that more enlightened farmers and agriculturists have 
begun to learn the importance of recuperating worn-out lands by means of 
the various kinds of Fertilizers. Cotton planting, tobacco culture, and a 
number of the crops grown in the East and South, are more exhaustive in 
their effects upon the soil than grain, and hence the greater necessity for the 
use of Fertilizers in their cultivation. A growing conviction of the true 
value of these Fertilizers has caused their manufacture and distribution to 
become a most important branch of the trade of Baltimore. This City was 
the first and for many years the only port in the country for the importation 
and sale of Peruvian Guano — a business which was begun as early as the 
year 1832. For a long time the Guano was used in the crude state, just as it 
came from the Islands, but the advance made in the science of Agricultural 
Chemistry led to the discovery that the force of this Fertilizer might be 
greatly increased, and a large proportion of the amount imported is now used 
in the preparation of artificial Fertilizers. Into their manufacture also enter 
large quantities of bone, and the offal from the slaughter-houses, both of Bal- 
timore and the West. The factories for the preparation of these articles are 
located chiefly in South and East Baltimore, and occupy a very considerable 
area of ground. In the same portion of the City are extensive Chemical 
Works for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, or oil of vitriol, of which 
agent an immense quantity is used in making Fertilizers. The analysis of 
new soils and numberless experiments largely increase the list of artificial 



236 The MoisruMBiirTAL City, Its Past History, Etc. 

manures from year to year, and so numerous are now the different compositions, 
from the same general basis, that almost all are designated by some proprie- 
tary name, to give a list of which would be outside of the purpose of this work. 

The ease with which these Fertilizers can be adulterated makes the 
trade peculiarly liable to fraud. It is matter of congratulation that the 
gentlemen engaged in this business in our City are persons of such standing 
and tone in the community as to preclude the idea of deception in the manu- 
facture or sale of these compounds. 

Suffice it to say, that all the varieties of Fertilizers known to the trade and 
likely to be beneficial to any known soil, can be purchased in Baltimore on as 
reasonable terms as elsewhere, while the facilities for shipment to any part of 
the country are unrivalled. 

FER TILIZ ERS. 

Maryland Fertilizing and Manufacturing Company, 

WARREN, HAMBURG, GATES AND HENRY STREETS, 

OFFICE, JTo. 4 S. HOIililDAY ST., 

Manufacture Fertilizers of the Mgliest grade 
FOR WHEAT, CORN, VEGETABLES AND ALL SPRING CROPS, COTTON FOOD AND TOBACCO FOOD. 

DIRECTORS. 
CHARLES J. BAKER, SAM'L H. LYON, 

WM. G. HARRISON, ROBERT TURNER, 

LAWRENCE SANGSTON, RICHARD H. BAKER. 

Farmers are invited to visit these Works and see how and of what materials Fertilizers 
are made. 

They also manufacture Fertilizers to special Formulas in quantities not less than Ten 
Tons, and supply Farmers who desire to manipulate for themselves with all the necessary 
materials. 

Lawrence Sangston, President. 

H. C. HOWARD, Sec'y. J. EDWIN MYERS, Gcn'l Agent. 

ORCHILLAGlTAKrO, AA7 

A True Bird Guano, Rich in Phosphates and Alkahne Salts, 

From OrcMUa Island in the Carribbean Sea> belonging to Veneznela, 
Lat. IP 50' N., Lon. 66° W W. 

B. M. BMODES & CO., 

AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF ORCHILLA GTJANO, 

OFFICE, No. 82 South Street, below Corn Exchange, 

S@-|30 Per Ton, in Bags. B^LTIlVtOIlE. 



HORNER'S 

MARYLAND SUPER PHOSPHATE 

ooBf tains: 

Peruvian Guano 700 lbs. 

Bone Dust and Concentrated Animal Matter, 1150 " 
Muriate of Potash ISO " 



2000 



Liberal Discount to Dealers. 



«^0g;trTaiJii-^"j.ic,ij,;^^ 




BONE DUST Ammonia, 3. 
Bone Phosphate, - 59.63 

Soluble Phosphoric Acid, 29.16 

Maryland Super Phosphate $50 per ton. 

Bone Meal 50 " " 

Tobacco Sustain (extra quantity) Potash 50 " " 

Bone Dust 45 " " 

Dissolved Bone 48 '-' " 

Ground Plaster $1.75 per bbl. 

Peruvian Guano, Oil Vitriol, Potash, and other Chemi- 
cals for Fertilizing. 

JSTeiu Bags and no charge for delivery. 

JOSHUA HORNER, jr. 

54 S. GAY STREET. 



The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 239 



CHAPPELL'S CHEMICAL WORKS, 



BSTABLISJEOJED 184S, 



M:A.]SrUir'A.OTOIlY OF 



AND 

COTTOTsT KIJNTG^ 



liiii-iMisnAfii, 

PENDLETON'S GUANO COMPOUND, 
ISIMEPIRE GUANO, 

AND 

P. S. CHAPPELL, 

Proprietor, 
OFFICE, 31 SOUTH STREET, 

B altiiiior e. 



240 The MoNunEifTAL City, 

The Pacific Guano Company's 

(CAPITAL $1,000,000.) 

SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO. 

JOHN S. REESE & CO. 

GESEBAL AG-ENTS, 

b^ltim:oe,e. 

WHITELOCK'S VEGETATOR 

ADAPTED TO 

EVERY SPECIES OF CROPS AND ALL KINDS OF SOILS. 

This manure is prepared with great care from the best 

materials. It is uniform in quality and 

always in a suitable condition 

for drilling. 

W. WHITELOCK & CO. 

44 South Street, 

BALTIMORE. 



The undersigned would call the attention of Farmers and Planters to their stock of 

Peruvian Guanape Guano, AA., A., B. & C. Mexican Guano, 
Md. Fertilizing Go's Cotton Food & Ammoniated Phosphate. 

All of which we will guarantee. Orders for all PHOSPHATES of known value will 
receive our prompt attention. We also solicit orders for 

OOHlSr, OA.TS, HA.Y, &o. <feo. 

Our facilities and experience of thirty -five years will warrant satisfaction. 

FIEI^D SEED OF AEl. DESCRIPTIONS COSfSTANTEX OJT HAND. 

We respectfully solicit correspondence. 

ROBERT TURNER & SON, 43 & 46 S. Frederick St., Baltimore. 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 241 

JOSEPH REYNOLDS. AUG. C. PRACHT. 

CHESAPEAKE GUANO 

An Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate, 

Containing all the Pro])erties of Bone and Peruvian Guano, 
Manufactured and sold by 

ISAAC REYNOLDS & SONS, 

balti]sj:orh;. 

Send for Circulars containing Analysis and Certificates. 

Maryland Life Insurance Co. 

No, 10 South Street, Baltimore. 



Marble. 

'^ITHIN a few miles of Baltimore on the line of the Northern Central Eail- 
I way are located quarries of Marble practically inexhaustible, and of a 
■ ^ quality which rivals that found in any other portion of the country. 
These quarries have been worked for many years. Their convenient location 
along one of the main lines of railroad leading out of our city, has enabled 
their owners to supply the material at prices remunerative to themselves, and 
favorable to purchasers. Immense quantities of the Marble have been shipped 
to Baltimore and other cities. The monolithic columns of the Capitol at Wash- 
ington, and many of the public buildings in that city built of this material, 
are ample evidence of the quality of Baltimore County Marble, and the 
estimation in which it is held by those best qualified to judge, and the 
numerous buildings that have been erected in our own city are an indication 
of its appreciation by those who reside in Baltimore. The new City Hall, a 
magnificent edifice recently erected in our midst, has been constructed entirely 
of Marble from these quarries, as was also the Washington Monument. — 
Immense blocks of the crude stone can be taken out and shipped to market; 
blocks in fact, of any size likely to be required for practical purposes. It is 
susceptible of the very highest polish, and is largely used for ornamental 
purposes. 

Large establishments exist in our city for cutting and dressing Marble, 
which employ a number of hands and are furnished with the most improved 
steam machinery. 



24:2 The Monumental City, 

HUGH SISSON, 



Corner North and Monument Streets^ 

BALTIMORE. 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MAKES TO ORDER 

FURNITURE SLABS, TILE-COUNTERS, &c. 

OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MARBLE. 

Also Furnishes the Trade with Marble Cut to Size. 

BALTIMORE FRENCH BURR MILL STONE 

Manufactory and Mill Furnishing Establishment, 

DEALERS IN 

BOLTING CLOTHS, 

SMUT MACHINES, MILL BUSHES, PROOF STAFF, LEATHER AND GUM 

BELTING, MILL PICKS AND HAMMERS, and MILL FIXTURES of every 

description. Also ESOPIUS, COCALICO and COLOGNE MILL STONES. 

B. F. STA.IIR & CO. 
173 North Street^ cor. of Centre, Baltimore, 

HORACE NOBLE. C. "W. WILSON. 

I^OBLE & V^ILSOISr, 

Manufacturers of Fire and Water-Proof 

PLASTIC SLATE ROOFING MATERIALS, 

SLATE FLOUR, GOAL TAR, ROOFING PELT, CLBATINGS, &c. 

Plastic Slate Roof applied to any style of Building. 

Office, No. 3 Post Office Avenue, Baltimore. 

THE PLASTIC SLATE, as a Roofing material, stands unrivalled. A mastic, it adapts 
itself to every shape and slope. Non-combustible, impervious, non-expansive and unde- 
cajdng — frost does not crack, nor heat dissolve it. Possessing all the advantages of a sheet 
slate roof without its joints and crevices. Being susceptible of little, if any, wear from 
exposure, and perfectly fire-proof, it is unequalled as a coating for Railroad and Farm 
Buildings, Bridges, &c. Orders for Shipping Promptly Attended to. 



Its Past Histoey an^d Present Eeso urges. 



245 



mmmm undebtakbr 

AND 

Manufacturer of 



COFFIN WARE-ROOMS N?s^^te*|6 

I^DRUIDHILL AVENOE/NEAR EUTAw'sK, i' 
^^ , BALtlMORE.WD. 



Metalic, Lead and axl 
descriptions of 

GOFFIIffS 

Furnished in the best style 
and manner. 

FUNERALS 

Promptly and carefolly 
conducted. 



Baltimore Frame and Moulding Works. 



Wm» 




MOULDINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, 

VELVET AND PAPER MATTS, 

Nog. 29, 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39 LEADENHALL STREET, 

BALTIMORE, 

JAMES L. PEREIGO, Suoerintendeut. 




2U 



The Monumental City, 



BALTIMORE CAR WHEEL CO. 

OFFICE, 15 SOUTH STREET, 

CAPACITY 300 WHEELS PER DAY, 





MANUFACTURE WHEELS FOR 

CITY or STEAM RAILWAYS, 

WITH OR WITHOUT AXLES, 

WHEELS OF ALL PATTERNS 

Made to Order and in Stock, of Baltimore Irons, 

Annealed hy Cochran's Process, Warranted Free from 

Strain and Equal in Tenacity and Uniformity 

of Chill to any Wheels made, 

W. S. ef. BAKER, President. W. J. COCHRAN, Superintendent. 



WORKS, Cor. Essex and Concord Streets, Canton, Baltimore. 



Its Past Histoet ahd Present Kesources. 



245 




The Chesapeake Dredging Company 



O F 



Baltimore County, Maryland. 



PRESIDENT, 

THOMAS C. BASSHOR. 



DIRECTORS, 

THOMAS C. BASSHOR, J. H. TEEMYER, 

FRANKLIN B. COLTON, 
WILLIAM KIMMELL. 



JOHN 0. EVANS, 



Builders and Operators of Dredging Machines and Tug-boats, Contractors 
for the construction of Piers, Bridges, Wharfs, Floating and Dry Docks, 
Marine Eailways, Timber and Stone Foundations. 

Owners and Operators of the SHAW GUN-POWDEE PILE DEIVING 
MACHINES, for Baltimore City and County, Anne Arundel County, Md., 
Alexandria, and Fairfax County, Va., and the District of Columbia. 

MAIN OFFICE— 10th Avenue, near foot of Clinton St., 

Canton. 

BRANCH OrnCE— 5 Postoffice Avenue, Baltimore. 

" " 341 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C. 

COMMUNICATIONS ADItMESSED TO 



JOHN H. TEEMTER, Secretary. 



346 The Monumental Oitt, 

SAM'I, BJIIBNS. GEO. F. SIiOAN. 




Wo, 132 Idght Street Wharf, BALTIMOBB. 

BUILDIlffa AND HARD ITITOOD 



Doors, Sasli, Bricks,, &:o, 



IN LOTS TO SUIT. 



Fire Bricks and Potteries. 



^ALTIMOEE possesses superior advantages for the manufacture of all 
W^ kinds of Bricks. The surface of our soil is underlaid with clays which 
'W are manufactured into all yarieties of ware constructed of clay — Stone- 
ware, Pottery, Terra-Cotta, and Chemical Ware the most difficult and important 
of all. The largest kinds of Fire Blocks, and Eetorts for the use of zinc works, 
sugar refineries and gas works, some of the latter weighing considerably over a 
ton are manufactured in Baltimore. No place in the country afibrds such fine 
material for these varied industries. In Pottery Ware alone Baltimore should 
surpass Trenton, and command the trade of the West and South. With 
grounds for these establishments at a nominal price contiguous to rail and 
water transportation, and the clays often on their sites, it is a wonder that 
more capital and enterprise should not have sought investment in them with 
such assurance of success. 

There is already one concern manufacturing refractory materials which is 
sending its Eetorts, Fire Bricks, Sewer Pipes, Tiles, &c., &c., to the remotest 
sections of the country, from Maine to Louisiana and westward, even across 
the Mississippi, with a rapidly increasing business. The manufacture of 
artificial hydraulic cement, similar to the far-famed English Portland and 
Eoman Cements, might be developed here to an almost unlimited extent 
with our variety of clays and limes in close proximity. These manufactures 
of raw material, direct from the soil where it is lying awaiting the skilled 
labor which capital can so easily provide, are the most solid source of per- 
manent wealth to any community. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 247 

Baltimore Retort & Fire Brick Works, 

GEORGE C. HICKS & CO. 

OfiSce, 3 S. Holliday St. Manufactory, Locust Point. 



STANDARD CLAY RETORTS, 

TIZES OP ALL KINDS, 

FIRX: BRICKS 

OF ALL QUALITIES, SHAPES AND SIZES, 

Fire Cement, Fire Mortar, Fire Clay 

AND 

STOVE LINIJNTG^S 

AND 

FURNACE BRICKS, 

Vitrified, Steam Pressed, Drain & Sewer Pipe, 

AND 

MANUFACTURES OF CLAY IN GENERAL. 

A LAE&E STOCK ALWAYS ON HAM). 



248 The MoifruMEiirTAL City, 

Bricks. 



fEW persons who walk tlie streets or cast their eyes up to the substantial 
dwellings which line them, care to inquire how many distinct bricks 
were used in their construction, and yet perhaps could the number be 
ascertained, it would foot up an array of figures, by the side of which those 
that express the combined national debts of all the nations on the globe, 
would dwarf into insignificance. As new buildings are erected or old ones 
repaired, new streets payed or old ones mended, the number required is indefi- 
nitely increased; and the system adopted long since by the municipal authorities 
of this City to allow none but Brick, Stone or Iron dwellings to be built, 
save under peculiar circumstances, while a very great advantage to the City, 
has marvelously increased the demand for bricks. It will probably not 
astonish any of our readers then to be informed, that more than 100,000,000 
Bricks are manufactured in and about the City of Baltimore annually. The 
clay in the vicinity of Baltimore, the finest in the world, is peculiarly adapted 
to the manufacture of Brick, and the materials used in burning them can be 
purchased at rates which render their production a means of profit to the 
manufacturer, while at the same time he can successfully compete in price 
with those of any other locality in the country. Extensive Brick yards are 
established west of Jones' Falls, on the Washington road, at Moale's Point, 
Locust Point, on the Frederick road, east of the Falls at Canton, 
Brooklyn and Belair Avenue. One million of dollars is invested in the 
business, 2,000 hands are employed, 25J000 tons of coal, and 2,000 cords of 
wood are consumed in their production. The quality of the Bricks made in 
this City is unsurpassed by that of any made in the United States, and Balti- 
more Pressed Brick are superior to any made in the world, as is evidenced by 
the fact that they are shipped to all seaport towns, and along all the difierent 
railroad lines leading out of Baltimore. The increased demand for Pressed 
Brick growing out of the fires in the East, has led to their use in that section 
to a greater extent than in our own City. 

BURNS, RUSSXSIiIi <£ GO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF THE BEST 

^Pressed, Sand, iPaving and Comnion 



BR.IO 



MADE BY HAND, 

YARDS: Washington Road and Annapolis Road, 
OFFICE, 30 COLUMBIA STBFFT, 

Pressed Briek a Specialty. BALTIMOKE. 



Its Past Histoet and Peesent Resoueces. 34^ 

w. h. pitcher. y. o. wilson. 

PITCHER & WILSON, 

BRICK MANUFACTURERS, 

BEST QUALITY OF 

DUST AND SAND PRESSED, 

Dressed Sand and Hand-Made Common Brick, 

TAMDS— Washington Road, OFFICB—No, 1 N, Paca St. 

All Orders Promptly Attended to. B A L T I IM O H E . 



Horses and Mules. 



jl FEATUEE of the trade of Baltimore is the traffic in Horses and Mules. 
With the exception of the Kentucky market, that of this City is the 
largest in the United States. The very best Mules raised in America 
are to be found in the sale stables of this City, and Horses of heavy draught, 
fed upon the blue-grass of the Western States, and notoriously free from the 
imperfections and disorders to which Horses are liable, are brought to this 
City for sale in larger numbers and in better condition than they can be 
found elsewhere, save where they are raised. In fancy Horses for road pur- 
poses the market does not pretend to compete with that of New York, where 
the best breeds of trotters are raised, and where the demand is always great, 
though of late years even in this respect, Baltimore has been by no means 
insignificant ; but the market is always stocked with medium Horses at fair 
prices, and the character of those engaged in the business is a guarantee to 
buyers that their representations are correct. The finest Mules in the world 
are sold here in large numbers for home use, while many are shipped from 
this point to the South and the West Indies. The market is more active 
usually during the Fall and Spring months, but an adequate supply may 
be found in the City at all times. Baltimore possesses unusual facilities 
for the shipment of these valuable animals, and the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad is at present perfecting arrangements for the transportation of live 
stock, which will doubtless create a large addition to the trade. The Stable 
accommodations are admirable, and Western men have heretofore shown a 
very decided preference for our City. 

It is estimated that from eighteen to twenty thousand Mules and Horses 
pass through this market annually, and with the increase of railroad facili- 
ties it is safe to predict a corresponding increase in the trade. 



250 



The Monumental City, 



%m^ 



mTioiSifld^ ^ 




JVo«. 6 and 8 N'. Charles Street, Baltimore. 



W. H. SADIjEH, Fres't. 



The Cattle Market. 



,yi^HE Cattle Market of Baltimore has long been famous. The City occu- 
pying as she does a central position on the Atlantic Coast, in striking 
distance of the various grazing fields by her railroad connections and 
water communication, and contiguous to broad stretches of fertile country? 
where grass and forage of every description are plentiful, her market has 
always been supplied with superior beeves, hogs and sheep. The market is 
furnished from Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Kentucky, 
Missouri, Illinois, Texas, North Carolina, Indiana and Ohio. The facilities 
offered to drovers in Baltimore are considered by stockmen from other cities 
the finest in the United States, both as regards stabling and the dues re- 
quired of them. The trade is steadily on the increase, and the accommoda- 
tions which competing lines of railroad now offer will give it an impetus in 
the future. We append the monthly receipts of live stock for the years 
1871 and 1872, as reported at the State Scales : 







ISTl. 






ISTS. 






Beeves. 


Hogs. 


STieep. 


Beeves. 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


January, 


5,974 


18,172 


11,175 


6,632 


29,306 


6,941 


February, 


6,758 


23,136 


16,756 


6,370 


36,099 


11,173 


March, 


3,115 


17,552 


5,351 


4,202 


27,471 


6,170 


April, 


3,983 


16,794 


7,504 


3,727 


25,419 


6,620 


May, 


3,684 


22,811 


12,598 


3,703 


27,101 


13,537 


June, 


4,318 


23,477 


9,529 


5,857 


30,684 


18,662 


July, 


5,959 


20,181 


20,313 


4,457 


24,879 


11,995 


August, 


8,341 


22,247 


17,309 


8,304 


31,729 


19,317 


September, 


12,939 


27,233 


16,370 


12,313 


36,271 


16,161 


-October, 


14,432 


37,873 


20,316 


17,993 


48,975 


20,807 


November, 


14,658 


45,811 


15,631 


9,394 


37,579 


11,628 


December, 


5,587 


27,697 


5,672 


7,450 


7,625 


37,217 



89,748 303,284 158,624 90,402 363,138 180,228 



Its Past Histokt aitd Present Resources. 



251 



Hotels. 



IjEKHAPS no feature contributes more directly to the rapid development 
of a city than the number, conyenience and comfort of its Hotels. — 
Without these indispensable adjuncts it is like a well selected library with 
no means of access to the shelves. The books may be very instructive and 
entertaining but the public will never discover the fact by personal inspection. 
Tor a long time Baltimore was behind the spirit of the age in this respect. 
Her public houses were few and far between, and partook more of the home- 
liness of the old road- side inns than of the elegance and luxury of modern 
caravanseries. Thanks to the spirit of enterprise which has manifested itself 
in the Monumental City during the past decade, old things have passed away, 
at least so far as they retard our progress, and Baltimore to-day is as well sup- 
plied with Hotels in proportion to the number of her inhabitants as any 
city in America — further, they are as splendidly fitted up and give as much 







^^^W /i A ^ ^'"^ 



GUY S HOTEL, ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN, BALTIMORE. 

comfort to visitors. " The Carrollton," recently erected on Light Street, with 
a front on Baltimore Street, the main thoroughfare of the City, is admirably 
located. Situated in the very heart of Baltimore, it is convenient both for 
business and pleasure. Sumptuous in its appointments, it is furnished with 
every improvement that modern taste or ingenuity can suggest, and will com- 
pare favorably with any of the recently constructed Hotels in this country. 
We cite the Carrollton, not because it is superior to others, but as an illustra- 
tion. "Barnums" is an old established house and has a cosmopolitan 
reputation. There is a number of other first-class Hotels in the City whose 
accommodations have proved ample for all the demands of the greatest 
exigencies that have occurred within the past few years. Baltimore is well 
supplied with a cheaper class of Hotels, whose outer finish, interior comforts 
and excellent tables, have earned for them an enviable reputation both at home, 
and with strangers. 
16 



252 



The Monumental City, 












This new and 'beantiful Hotel, located upon tlie site of the ''Old Fountain 
Hotel," extended by an elegant front on Baltimore Street, is convenient alike 
to the business man and the tourist. 

It is the only Hotel in Baltimore of the new Style, embracing Elevators, 
Suits of Eooms, with Baths, and all conveniences; perfect ventilation and 
light throughout, and was planned and built as a Hotel, new from its 
foundation. 

Its elegant and convenient Office and Exchange Room, with Telegi-aph, &c., 
will at all times, be at the disposal of the merchants and citizens of the City — 
its builders. 

The location of the Ladies' Entrance on Baltimore Street, and the beautiful 
Drawing Eooms cor^ jcted therewith, will give to families more than the 
usual degree of quietude and seclusion. 

The undersigned refers to his career of over thirty years as a Hotel Mana- 
ger in New York and Baltimore, feels confident, that with a new and modern 
house, he can give entire satisfaction to his guests. 



J® 



)€) 



BALTIMOBB, 



D 



Proprietor, 



Its Past History akd Present Kesources. 



253 



The Houses kept on the European plan in this City are worthy of special 
mention. They are numerous and fitted up in a style of elegance combined 
with perfect taste which is really exceptional. Among these is " Guy's Monu- 
ment House"— Established at an early period in the history of Baltimore, it 
has steadily preserved its reputation as a house where gentlemen are treated as 
though they were at their own homes. The Maryland Club, the oldest organi- 
zation of that description in this country, was formed at " Guy's." This suffi- 
ciently expresses the character of the men who resorted thither years ago, and it 
is only necessary to say that there has been no alteration since then in the nature 
of the guests. The Guys were eminently a set of men who knew how to 
keep a hotel, and the mantle that fell from the shoulders of the last of the 
name has been very creditably worn by the present proprietor. The cuisine 
of this establishment has acquired fame in many portions of this country, and 
more than once has its excellence been attested by orders from Europe. A 
number of other houses conducted upon the same plan, offer to visitors 
during their sojourn in our City, both the comforts of home and all the lux- 
uries that taste and money can supply, while their moderate charges especially 
recommend them to the travelling public. 



MANSION HOUSE 

HOTEL. 

I.ALBERTSOlSr, 

PROPRIETOR. 

Cor. Tayette and St. Paul Streets, 

CapacUy,200 Guests. 

Persons taking the City Pas- 
senger Cars, will ride to the Cor- 
ner of St. Paul Street, within a 
few steps of the Mansion House. 



Qrw^' 



tMTTOism 




Nos. 6 and 8 JV. Charles Street, Baltimore. TF. M. SADI^ER, Pres't 



THOMAS E. HAMBLETON, Insurance Broker, 

Will attend to ohtaining Insurance against Fire, Marine and Jfje, for all persons 
entrusting their Insurance business to his care, without charge to the Insured/or 1"S services 
And from his long experience as an Underwriter hopes to give satisfaction, m Placmg nsKs 
in reliable Companies in this country or Europe. Prompt attention given to all letters 

OFFICE, No. 10 SOUTH STREET, BAI^TIMORE. 



254 The Monumektal City, Its Past History, Etc. 

MARYLAND 



OF B^LTIJVEOIIE. 

OKGf-ANIZED 1865. 

Office in Co.'s Building, 10 South St. 

ASSETS, - - $760,000. 

Paid uiJ Guarantee Capital $100,000, Deposited with the 
Treasurer of the State of Maryland, 

S^"This well-establislied Maryland Company grants Insurance upon Lives 
upon all the most approved Plans, and at the Lowest Bates consistent with 
undoubted security. 

DIVIDENDS MADE ANNUALLY, 

GEORGE P. THOMAS, President, 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

HAMILTON EASTER, HIRAM WOODS, 

ALLEN A. OHAPMAN, THOMAS CASSARD, 

GEORGE P. THOMAS, GEORGE H. MILLER, 

HUGH SISSON, WILLIAM DEVRIES, 

CHARLES WEBB. 

A. K. BOARD, Secretary. 

CLAYTON C. HALL, Ass't Sec'y and Actuary. 
T. W. MATTHEWS, Manager of Agencies. 

J. W. F. HANK, M. D., Medical Examiner. 

CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. D., ) 

JFRANK DONALDSON, M. D., j ^°°'^'''^S rnysicians. 



G. R. VICKERS' OFFICE BUILDING. 




GERMAN STREET, NEAR SOUTH ST., BALTIMORE. 



256 



The MoNUMEifTAL City, 
INCORPORATED 1794 



Charter 




Perpetual. 



BALTIMORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY 

^' O It 

INSURING HOUSES AND FURNITURE FROM LOSS BY FIRE, 
Office, No, 19 South Street, Baltimore. 

This old and favorite Office continues to Insure Houses and Furniture from Loss or 
damage by Fire, by the year, for a small premium, or on the Mutual Plan, perpetually; 
and will also grant CARPENTERS' RISKS on pleasing terms. 

Persons Insuring their Property in this Ofiice on the Permanent Plan have no greater 
responsibility than the amount of their deposits. 

Thos. Kelso, Samuel Bevan, Samuel Kirby, 

"Wm. Kennedy, John M. Orem, Wm. E. Hooper, 

MiCAHEL Warner, John R. Kelso, Wm. J. Rieman, 



Wm. S. Rayner, 
James H. Brown, 
George J. Appold. 



FEANOISA.OROOK, Treas. 



HUGH B. JONES, SeoV. 



Howard Fire Insurance Company 

OF BALTIMORE, 

OFFICE N. W. OOR. SOUTH AND WATER STREETS. 
Incorporated 1836. Cash Capital $200,000. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

ANDREW REESE, President. 

Samuel Appold, Aaron Fenton, J. Stricker Jenkins, Samuel R. Smith, 
M. Benzinger. Chas. Hoffman. James M. Pouder, Jacob H. Taylor, 

Isaac M. Denson, Sam'l T. Hatch, E.H.Perkins, H. J. Werdebaugh. 

J. H. KATZENBEROEK, Secretary. 

PEABODY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

SECOND STREET, 

ADJOINING POSTOFFIOE, ON THE WEST, 

INSURES ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF BUILDINGS 

IN THE CITY AND COUNTRY, 

AJS^NJJALLY, OR FOB SH ORT TERMS. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

THOSIAS I. CAREY, President. RICHARD R. POST, Secretary. 

GALLOWAY OHESTON, 



ENOCH PRATT, 
THOMAS WHITRIDGE, 
WM. KENNEDY, 



JESSE TYSON, 
JOHNS HOPKINS, 
JNO. H. B. LATROBR, 



H. D. HARVEY, 
JAMES CAREY, 
AUGUSTUS K0H1.ER. 



Its Past Histoby ajstd Peesekt Eesoueces. 



257 




Baltimore Fire Insurance Co. 

IlSrCOI^FOI^.A-TElZ) ISOT. 

S. W. CORNER O F SOUTH A ND WATER STS. 

Capital paid in, $200,000 

Contingent Fund, $200,000 

ASSETS— Iiivested in first-class Securities, (1st Sept. 1872) $513,876 

This Company insures against LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE, in the city or country 
on. the various descriptions of Property. 

Short insurances are also made for any length of time desired — for a single day or longer 
period. 

This Company also issues PERPETUAL OR PERMANENT POLICIES. 

WILLIAM G. HAERISON, President. 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 



GEORGE K. VICKEES, 
DAVID S. WILSON, 
JOSIAS PENNINGTON, 
FEANCIS T. KING, 
HENEY CAEEOLL, 
EIOHAED S. STEUAET, 
WILLIAM H. BEUNE, 



HEEMAN VON KAPFF, 
T. EOBEET JENKINS, 
C. MOETON STEWAET, 
B. F. NEWCOMEE, 
OEVILLE HOEWITZ, 
WILLIAM W. TAYLOE, 
ISEAEL COHEN, 



GEOEGE L. HAEEISON. 

FREDERICK WOODWORTH, Secretary. 



258 



The Monumental City, 



Home Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore, 

Office, Marble Building, JSFo. 10 South Street. 

Insurance made on every description of Property, for long or short 
Periods, in the City or elsewhere, on most favorable Terms. 

Perpetual Policies granted on Buildings, on an Economical Plan. 

JAMES OWENS, Sec'y. G. HAMiAJT YFIM.IAMS, Prest. 



HiBAM Woods, 
John Cugle, 
Lewis Turner, 
James L. Barbour, 



BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

Hamilton Easter, O. Diffenderfper, George P. Thomas, 
Wm. H. Perkins, James Boyce, John Cassard, 
Ferdinand Meyer, J.Brown George, Jackson 0. Gott, 
Chahles Markell, G. Harlan Williams. 



PHGENIX FIRE INSURANCE CO. 



OFFICE, MARB LE EniLDINQ, 44 SECOND ST. 

WM. F. BURNS, Vice Prest. N. P. CAMPBELL, Prest. 

C. W. RUDDACH, Secretary. 

DIRECTORS. 



WM. F. BURNS, 
H. L. WHITRIDGE, 
JOHN J. WIGHT, 
WM, H. PEROT, 
JAS. H. MILLIKIN, 



Hon. WM. P. WHYTE, 
WM. T. MAKKLAND, 
Db J. F. MONMONIER, 
ROBT. T. BALDWIN, 



WM. R. SEEVERS, 
ALFRED JENKINS, 
JOHN S REESE, 
WM. SEEMULLER, 



EDWARD R. LUSBY, 
JNO. A. HAMBLETON, 
C. OLIVER O'DONNELL, 
IRVIN C. MILLER, 
C. M. HAWKINS. 



Banks and Bankers. 



,j|iHE Banking Capital proper of Baltimore is about fifteen millions of 
dollars. Were this all, our City would offer but feeble inducements to 
enterprising men to make their homes with us. Such an amount 
seems totally inadequate to the necessities of a great commercial emporium, 
and a weak exhibit when placed in juxtaposition with the capital held by 
the Banks of other cities. 

But this is supplemented in a variety of ways which, if not peculiar to Balti- 
more, at least find their fullest development here. The private Banking Houses 
are not only numerous, but solid and substantial. Those in charge of them 
are, with scarcely an exception, men of large capital and an extended ex- 
perience, enabling them to rival the Banks in the magnitude of their opera- 
tions, and at the same time affording the most ample security to those whose 
financial agents they become. There are no bogus Banks or Banking Houses 
in the City. While there are Exchanges for the convenience of business 
men, and the transactions of legitimate trade, speculation has not yet reared 
its front in our midst, and "puts" and "calls" are unknown terms save in 
the vocabulary of curb-stone brokers, or the under current of mercantile life, 
where obscurity begets immunity, and tends to the preservation of that high 
tone which should always characterize commercial communities. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 259 

In addition to that furnished by the Banking Houses, a large amount of 
floating capital in the hands of our wealthy citizens is constantly seeking 
inyestment, and the large towns of the State, such as Frederick and Anna- 
polis, are supplied with Banks far beyond the requirements of the trade in 
those localities. The surplus capital of these Banks, and in fact that of the 
entire State, seeks Baltimore as its natural outlet, and in this manner an 
amount of money aggregating many millions of dollars and adequate to the 
wants of business is placed in this market. 

The marked success of our Banks, their payment of large semi-annual 
dividends, and the fact that no failure has occurred among them for thirty 
years, are powerful inducements to capitalists from other sections to make 
similar investments in this City. The Banking Institutions and private 
Banking Houses of Baltimore have shown commendable enterprise, especially 
in the buildings they have erected, and some of our handsomest edifices, 
replete with architectural adornment and evincing decided taste, having 
been built to accommodate their increasing business. 

There are in our City upwards of ten Savings Banks and Institutions 
embracing the "Savings" feature, with deposits aggregating nearly twenty- 
five millions of dollars. This is a creditable showing for Baltimore. These 
Banks are established principally for the benefit of the mechanics and labor- 
ing classes, and are dependent upon them for their success. Such an exhibit 
speaks volumes in behalf of the thrift and energy of the larger class of our 
population as well as of those to whom they have trusted their earnings. 

CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK, 

S. E. Corner CHARLES & LEXINCTGN STREETS. 



This Savings Bank has been recently established in one of the most central and promi- 
nent business locations in the city ; its deposits already exceed $500,000, and its depositors 
number 4,814. 

The Bank is conducted exclusively for the benefit of the depositors — there being no 
Stockholders. Four per cent, is annually added to the deposits, and every three years the 
surplus earnings are divided among the depositors — making the average year's interest 
thus far 6i per cent, clear of all taxes. 

Sums of any amount received daily, between 10 and 2 o'clock, at the discretion of the 
officers. 

FRANCIS T. KING, President. 
JOHN CURLETT, Vice President. 

GEO. W. CORNER, CHAS. J. BAKER, THOMAS J. WILSON, DANISL J. FOLEY, 

W. B. CANFIELn, HENRY C. SMITH, WM. WOODWARD, D. L BARTLETT, 

J. B. SEIDENSTRICKER, FRED. W BRUNE, JAMES CAREY, J. F. MONMONIER, 

J. M. OREM, ROBERT TURNER, GERMAN H HUNT, CHRISTIAN AX, 

WM. BRIDGES, WM. NUMSEN, JESSE TYSON, SAMUEL APPOLD, 

GEORGE SANDERS, HAMILTON EASTER. 

WILLIAM E. COALE, Treasurer. 



260 



The Monumental City, 



The Savings Bank of Baltimore, 




THE SAVINGS BANK OF BALTIMORE. 

The Savings Bank of Baltimore was organized on the first day of January, 1818, and 
incorporated at December session, 1818, being the second of the kind formed in the United 
States. 

The Bank is empowered to receive deposites of money and invest the same in public 
stocks, or other securities, and allow such interest as may be directed or provided by the 
By-Laws of the Corporation, the surplus profits to be divided every three years among the 
Depositors, as the Directors may think proper. The Depositors receive all the profits, there 
being no Stockholders. 

Twenty-five Directors are chosen, annually, by the members of the Corporation, out of 
their own body. 

The Directors have power to make such By-Laws, or other rules, as they may deem 
expedient. The Corporation is prohibited from issuing bills or notes in the nature of Bank 
Notes, and from lending any portion of the funds to a Director. 

The object of this Institution was to encourage the laboring population, and all in mod- 
erate circumstances, to lay by something for the future, in the belief, that the habit of so 
doing would conduce, not merely to the better support of individuals, and families, but 



Its Past History aisb Present Eesoxjrces. 261 

promote their moral, as well as physical well being. It is well known to those who have 
observed the operation and effect of the Institution on the welfare of the community, that 
it has been the instrument of enabling many to become owners of their own dwellings, 
and that without involving the necessity of paying forfeits, or running into debt. 

For several years the Bank was opened only one day in the week, when its business- 
was conducted by the Directors in person, these being divided into committees, and per- 
forming a large part of the clerical labor. The increase however in the number of Depos- 
itors, and consequent increase of general business, has made it necessary to employ 
permanently, officers and clerks, and at this time the daily services of a President, a 
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, and several Clerks, are required. 

The Depositors, on the first day of January, 1873, numbered 38,635, and the funds 
amounted to $10,735,394. 

The rate of interest paid to the Depositors annually is 4 per cent, and the extra dividends 
of surplus profits have made the whole interest distributed more than 6 per cent, as much 
as 7i per cent having been divided for the last sis years to deposits of one year's standing. 

The Bank is open daily, for the receipt and payment of deposits, and for the transaction 
of general business, from 10 to 1 o'clock. 

OFFICERS. 

ARCHIBALD STIRLINa, President. DAVID BALDWIN, Treasurer. 

SAM'L McDonald RICHARDSON, Assistant Treasurer. 

DIRECTORS. 

Archibald Stirling, Joseph Gushing, Jr. Austin Jenkins, 

Michael Warner, Thomas C. Jenkins, Thomas M. Smith, 

Chauncey Brooks, Nicholas Popplein, William Lamping, 

Deeter Bargar, Samuel Kirby, Laurence Thomsen, 

Edward Kurtz, George S. Brown, Christopher Hinrichs, 

Galloway Cheston, George N. Eaton, Enoch Pratt, 

William McKim, Thomas Whitridgb, Henry W. Drakely, 

William Kennedy, Solomon Corner, Henry James. 
James I. Fisher, 

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE, 

No. 8 SOUTH G-AY STREET. 
Organized 1863. Capital, $1,110,000. 



DIRECTORS. 

JOSJYS HOPKIJVS, 
WILLIAM J. ALBERT, 
WILLIAM E. HOOFER, 
THOMAS KELSO, 
HORACE ABBOTT, 
SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, 
GEOGE SMALL, 
J. SAURIJV JYORRIS, 
THOMAS PEIRCE. 

J. S. NORRIS, President. THOMAS KELSO, Vice President. 

E. Z, HOLTZMAN, Cashier. 



^62 The Monumental City, 



The Entaw Savings Bank of Baltimore 



The Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore was formally organized by the corporators on 
the 16th April, 1847, by their acceptance of the Charter granted at the December session of 
the Maryland Legislature in 1846, and by the election of Directors and OflQcers. 

At that time a number of public spirited and influential citizens interested in promoting 
the general welfare, considered that it was important to establish a Bank in the western 
part of the city for the purpose of benefitting widows and orphans, and that important 
portion of every large community, who desire the safe-keeping and profitable investment 
of their hard earned and careful savings. 

The Bank was opened in a small room on Baltimore street, near Eutaw street, and for 
many years the services of its devoted President, the late Jesse Hunt, were given for an 
almost nominal salary, and the Institution was conducted upon the most economical 
system. At the end of 1848 its accumulated deposits and interest amounted to $52,895.21. 
In 1858, the business of the Bank had so much increased that it became necessary to erect 
a building suitable for its wants, and adapted for the proper care of the large amount of 
securities then in its keeping. The present building on the corner of Eutaw and Fayette 
streets was then occupied, and the popularity of the Bank continued yearly to increase. 
^ The accumulated deposits and interest at the close of 1872 amounted to $4,197,901.96, 
and the number of depositors, having open accounts, to 11,585. 

By its Charter, the Eutaw Savings Bank is prohibited from issuing any form of notes or 
bills for circulation, and its By-Laws provide that its investments shall be confined to the 
purchase of pubhc securities, or to loans upon real estate, and such collaterals as the 
Board of Investment shall approve. 

But in no instance has the discounting of commercial paper been authorized, the loans 
of the Bank being made only upon such securities as in fact represent the perpetuity and 
prosperity of the Nation and the State. Deposits are received in sums not less than one 
dollar, and interest is allowed thereon at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum. Every third 
year the surplus profits of the Bank are divided among the Depostiors, thus increasing the 
actual interest on balances remaining on deposit for three years, to an average of from 
6^ per cent, to 7 per cent, per annum. 

OFFICEKS. 

WM. r. BURNS, President. ROBERT D. BROWN, Treasurer. 

IDIRECTOIIS. 

'George Bartlett, William Devries, Francis Dawes, 

William H. Perkins, James Harvey, Hy. R. Lotjdbrmak, 

J. Harman Brown, N. G. Penniman, John Ctjshing, 

Aaron Fenton, William Wilson, Jr. Daniel M. Thomas, 

Francis Burns, Elisha H.' Perkins, George P. Thomas, 

Henry Snyder, Asa Needham, John Gregg, 

William J. Pieman, William F. Burns, Alfred Jenkins, 

Sam'l R. Smith, Matthew B. Clark, A. A. Hack, 
John L. Weeks. 



Its Past History and Preseis"t Kesources. 



26a 



Chartered i8io. 



'^ 




CAPITAL, 

$626,750.00. 

Ko. 15 
South St. 

OPPOSITE 

German Street. 



CHAS.J.BAKER, 

President. 

Chas. Goodwin, 

Cashier. 



DIEEOTOES ! 

^ S. SPRIGG BELT, 

m ROBERT TURNER, 
fc GEORGE SANDERS, 
GERMAN H. HUNT, 
WM. SEEMULLER, 
^ CHARLES WEBB, 
HUGH SISSON. 



SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 



Of STBBLi and IROH^ 

For the Safe Keeping of Government and 
other Bonds, Securities or Valuables. 



264 The Monumen^tal Oitt, 

Western National Bank of Baltimore, 

No. 14 Eutaw Street. 

OHARTEEED ) CAPITAL - - - $500,000 
1835. i SURPLUS - - - 170,000 



CHAUNCEY BEOOKS, President. 

W. H. NOKKIS, Cashier. 



niBECTOBS : 



OHAUNOEY BEOOKS, 
FEANOIS BUENS, 
AAEON FENTON, 
WM. BEIDaES, 
GEOEGE BAETLETT, 
JAMES HAEVEY, 



WM. G. POWEE, 
SAMUEL E. SMITH, 
WM. F. BUENS, 
MATTHEW B. CLAEK, 
WALTEE B. BEOOKS, 
EOBEET GAEEETT. 



NATIONAL UNION BANK OF MARYLAND, 

^T BALTIMORE. 

Reorganized as a National Bank 1865. 



Wm. W. Taylor, President. 

R. MicKLE, Cashier. 

Capital $1.2B8,725. 

DIRECTORS: 



WM. W. TAYLOE, 
JOHN STELLMAN, 
0. OLIVEE O'DONNELL, 
OHAELES W. LOED, 
GEEAED H. EEESE, 



WM. WOODWAED, 
LEWIS N. HOPKINS, 
WM. A. WILLIAE, 
A. FULLEE CEANE, 
SAML. H. ADAMS, 



t 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 265 

SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY 

OF BALTIMORE. 

Authorized Capital, $500,000. Paid up, $200,000. 

Chartered by Special Act of tJie Legislature of the State of 

Maryland^ for the 

SAFE-KEEPING OF VALUABLES, 

UNDER GUARANTEE, 

AND THE 

Renting of SAFES in the BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS 

IN THE 

Hew Marble Fire-Proof Building^ 

CORNER OF SOUTH AND GERMAN STREETS, 

BA.r.TIM:ORE. 

THE COMPANY OFFERS FOR RENT, RENTER EXCLUSIVELY HOLDING 
THE KEY, SAFES INSIDE ITS BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS, AT 10, 15, 
20, 25, 30, 35, 40 AND 60 DOLLARS PER ANNUM, 
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND LOCATION. 



GUARANTEE RATES. 

Government and all other Coupon Securities, $1,00 per $1,000 for one year. 

Government and all other Securities, negotiable only by endorsement, 50 cts. per $1,000 
for one year. 

Silver Plate $1.00 per $100 for one year. 

Deeds, Mortgages, Valuable Papers generally, when of no fixed value, $1.00 a year each, 
or according to bulk. 

Wills, $5.00, which premium covers the remainder of the life of the- maker. 

0OXJP»O]SrS _A.]S^D IISTTEREST 

WILL BE COLLECTED WHEN DESIRED, AND REMITTED TO THE OWNER. 



FRANCIS T. KING, 

C. OLIVER O'DONNELL, 

WM. T. WALTERS. 



B. E. NEWCOMER, 
ROBERT LEHR, 
S. M. SHOEMAKER, 
H. S. SHRYOCK, 

B. F. NEWCOMER, President. 
EGBERT LEHR, Vice President. W. A. WISONG, Seo. and Treas. 



266 The MoNTJMEiJrTAL City, 

BANKING HOUSE 

OF 

JOHN A. HAMBLETON & CO. 

JVo. 20 SOUTJEC STREET, BALTIMOBE, 




TRANSACT A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. 
RECEIVE ACCOUNTS of BANKS, BANKERS, CORPORATIONS and INDI- 
VIDUALS, and allow INTEREST on BALANCES. 
NEGOTIATE LOANS and make advances on approved Collaterals. 
BUY and SELL, on commission, all descriptions of Stocks, Bonds, and Securities^ 
MAKE COLLECTIONS and remit promptly on day of payment. 



Its Past History and Present Kesoueces. 267 

ALEXANDER BROWN & SONS, 

ORGANIZED 1811, 

153 Baltimore Street. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON GEEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 
COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDIT ISSUED, available in any 

part of the world. 
TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY made to and from London 

and Liverpool. 
ADVANCES MADE ON COTTON AND OTHER PRODUCE. 



JAMKS G. AA^'ILSOlSr. F. M. COLSTON. "WM. B. WILSON. 

WILSON, COLSTON & CO. 

BANKERS & BROKERS, 

Southern Secarities a Specialty. 

134 "W. BALTIMORE STREET. 

LANCASTER & CO. LANCASTER, BROTITN & CO. 

RICHMOND, VA. NEW YORK. 

BROWN, LANCASTER & CO. 



Ho. 6 RIALTO BUILDING^ 

SECOND STREET, 

BALTIMORE. 

Isaac li. Iflcbolson. Edwin C. Kflctaolson. 

Isaac F. Nicholson. Albert ^V. uricbolson. 

NICHOLSON & CO. 



Established 1832. Baltimore, 

OORNEE BALTIMORE AND NORTH STREETS, 

Eeceive Deposit Accounts, make Collections, and Buy and Sell all kinds of Stocks and 
Bonds on the most favorable terms. 

■ 17 



268 



The Monumental City, 



JOHNSTON BROTHERS & CO. 




M 









KM 



198 BALTIMORE STREET, 



BALTIMORE. 



Transact a General Banking Business, 
Receive Deposits, subject to Sight Check, 

Loan Money— Make Collections, 

Buy and Sell Bonds and Stocks, on commission, 

in all the markets. 

Negotiate Railway and other Loans, 

Draw Sterling Exchange and Francs, in sums 

to suit. 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 269 

MCKIM & CO. 

BANKERS, 

CORNER BALTIMORE AND ST. PAUL STREETS, 

Transact a General Banking Business, and Buy and Sell STOCKS, BONDS, GOLD, 
aSsc, on Commission, in this and other markets. 

PIRST-GIi ASS SECURITIES offered at all times to those having funds to invest. 

Particular attention given to COLLECTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER, and 
returns made on day of payment. 

Deposits received subject to Sight Checks, the same as on Banks, and INTEREST 
ALLOWED under special agreement. 

Sterling Bills of JExchange drawn in sums to suit. 



ROBERT GARRETT & SONS, 

7 South. Street, 

BALTIMORE, 

Make advances on approved Collaterals. 

Deal in Sterling Exchange. 

Allow Interest on Deposits. Make Collections. 

JSI'egotiate Railway and other Loans and Commercial 

Paper. 
Buy and Sell Stocks and Bonds on Commission. 

WM. FISHER & SOM^ 

lilllii, 

STOCK AND NOTE BROKERS 

South Street, opposite Second Street, 
BALTIMORE, 

Buy and Sell Stocks, Bokds, &c., in this and tlie Easteeit and Southekk 

marhets on Oommissiok or on Direct Opferihgs, hy telegram or letter. 

Stocks and Bonds caeried /or any length of time on Margin". 

Monet Advanced on Collateral Security. Deposits 

received subject to Check, and Interest allowed. 

Correspondence solicited and detailed information cheerfully given. 



SYO The Monumental Oitt, 

ORGANIZED 1838. 

Exchange and Deposit Bank. 

J. J. NICHOLSON & SONS, 

No, 284: Baltimore Street, 

BETWEEN HANOVEB AND SHARP STREETS, 

Personal attention given to the SALE OR PURCHASE of all kinds of 

STOCKS AND BONDS. 

Buy Commercial Paper, 

Make Collections Promptly, 

Loan on Collaterals, 

Receive Deposits, 

Discount Daily, 

Issue CBBTIFICATES OF DBPOSIT hearing Interest. 

Pay Advanced Prices for LAND WARRANTS. 

J. J. Nicholson. Chas, G. Nicholson. J. H. R. Nicholson. Andw. J. Nicholson. 

CLABAUGH, NELSON & CO. 

Buy and Sell Stocks,, Bonds, Grold and 
Grovernments on GommissionB 

Special attention given to the Negotiation of Commercial Paper* 

No. 144, West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, 
INTEREST ALLOM^ED ON DEPOSITS. 

FRANCIS B. LONEY, 

N. W. corner Holliday and Second Streets, in Basement. 

COMMERCIAL PAPER NEaOTIATED. 
Investment Securities of every kind Bought, Sold & Exchanged. 

Investors can frequently save themselves from loss and INCREASE' 
THEIR INCOMES by consulting as to CHANGING their Securities. 

ALL SUBSCRIPTION BONDS on this or the New York market fur- 
nished on the most favorable terms. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 271 

The National Bank of Baltimore 

COKNEE OF SAINT PAUL AND BALTIMOEE STKEETS. ' 
Chartered by State of Maryland 1796. Organized as a National Bank 1865. 

CAPITAL, $1,210,700. 

HENRY A. THOMPSON, President. J. THOMAS SMITH, Cashier. 

HENEY A. THOMPSON, THOMAS M. SMITH 

^IvV^^J^ w?r^o?.F^'' ^' ^^C>KTON STEWART, 

DAVID S. WILSON, ALEX'E F. MUEDOOH 

BOUDINOT S. LONEY. ' 



Executive Officers since its Organization in 1796 
President. Cashier. 

GEORGE SALMON, Elected 1796 JAMES COX - v^^c.t.A i^n^ 

WILLIAM WILSON " ^<^^^ r./^'^^.XY-.^x^^ i^lected 1796 

JOHN STRICKER, 



WILLIAM LORMAN, 
JAMES H. McCULLOH, 
C. C. JAMISON, 
HENRY A. THOMPSON, 



1807 C. C. JAMISON, - " leii 

1824 PATRICK GIBSON, " w^k 

1825 J. THOMAS SMITH, « ^868 
1841 

1853 
1863 



THE 



Central National Bank of Baltimore. 

OEGAHISED 1871. CASH CAPITAL, $200,000. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT AND U. S. COURT DEPOSITORy. 

ISTo. 5 South Street, 

BALTIMORE. 

< <» » 

JAMES O'CONNOR, President. OHAS. H. PITTS, isst. Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

JAMES O'CONNOE, EDWAED M. HAEDY, 

ISAAC BEOOKS, Jr., EDWAED G. McDOWELL, 

Gen. JESSE LAZEAE. 



373 The Monijmen-tal City, 

TI{£ 

MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK 

OF B^LTI]VIORE. 

CAPITAL, - $1,500,000. 

DIVIDENDS PAYABLE JANUARY AND JULY. 



Johns Hopkins, President. 
David A. Jones, Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

JOHNS HOPKINS, ALEXANDER H. STUMP, 

WILLIAM H. GRAHAM, JOHN M. OREM, 

HORATIO L. WHITRIDOE, WILLIAM H. BALDWIN, Jr. 

ROBERT A. FISHER. 



Geo. Wm. Bkown. F. W. Bkune. Stewart Brown. Arthur Geo. Brown. 

BROWN & BRUNE, 

No. 40 ST. PAUL STREET. 

J. MORRISON HARRIS, 

^TTORJVEll* wf./rO COrJVSELfljOn ^T Ij^W, 

BALTIMORE. 



SLINCLUFF & SLINCLUFF, 
Attorneys at JjiaTKr^ 

BALTIMORE ^IsTD TO ^WS ON TO ARTIST. 

C. BoHN Slingluff, Fielder C. Slingluff, 

Towsontown. 48-i- St. Paul Street, Baltimore. 



JAMES W. DENNY, 
Attorney at Lainr^ 

JVb. 31 ST, PAUL STREET, BALIIMOBE, 

Practices in all the Courts of the State. Special attention given to the collection of 
claims in all the States of the Union. 



Its Past History akd Present Kesources. 273 

noah walk£k. s. hamiiiton caugbet. st. w. caughey. 

NOAH WALKER & CO. 




w 
w 

P5 


H 

CD 

H 

CD 

H 



WASHINGTON BUILDINGS. 



274 The Monumen'tal City, 

North German Lloyd Steamship Line 



BET'NTT'EEIISr 



Baltimore, Southampton and Bremen. 

The magnificent new Al Iron Mail Steam Ships 



BALTIMORE, 


2,500 Tons, 


BEELIN, 


2,500 Tons 


OHIO, 


2,500 " 


LEIPZIG, 


- 2,500 " 


BEAUNSCHWEIO, 


3,000 " 


NURNBERG, 


3,000 " 



Run regularly between the above Ports, as follows: 

FROM BREMEN EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY, 
SOUTHAMPTON " FRIDAY, 

BALTIMORE " SATURDAY. 

For Freiglit or Passage apply to 

A. SCHUMACHER & CO., Agents, 

9 South Charles St,, Baltimore, 



ALLAN STEAM SHIP LINE 

Baltimore, Halifax, St. Johns, N. F., Queenstown & Liverpool. 

TIze magnificent Al Iron Mail Steam Ships 



HIBERNIAN, - 


- 3,500 Tons, 


MORAVIAN, - 


2,700 Tons, 


CASPIAN, - 


3,200 " 


PERUVIAN, 


2,600 « 


MANITOBAN, - 


- 3,000 " 


NOVA SCOTIAN, - 


2,300 " 


AUSTRIAN, 


2,700 " 


CORINTHIAN, - 


2,000 « 


NESTORIAN, - 


- 2,700 " 


NORTH AMERICAN, 


2,000 " 



Run regularly between the above Ports, as follows : 

FROM LIVERPOOL EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY, 
« BALTIMORE " WEDNESDAY. 

For Freiglit or Passage apply to 

A. SCHUMACHER & CO., Agents, 

9 South Charles St,, Baltimore. 



k 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 275 

Boston Steamship Company 

BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE. 

♦ » ♦ 

STEAMERS: 

GEORGE APPOLD, WM. CRANE, 

WM. LAURENCE, McOLELLAN, 

BLACKSTONE, WM. KENNEDY. 
JOHNS HOPKINS, 

The above elegant and commodious Steamers will sail Tri-Weekly from Baltimore for 
Boston and Providence via Norfolk. 

Fare to Boston, including Meals and State-Room, $15. 
Providence, " " " 12. 

Ca2Mcity of the seven Steamers 100,000 lUs. Tonnage 1,000 to 1,800 tons each. 
For Freight or Passage apply on Board, or to 

j^. L. HuaaiiNrs, 

Boston Wharf, Foot of Long Dock. 

THE BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY 

LOUISIANA, GEO. LEAKY, ADELAIDE, TRANSIT, EOANOKE, SEABOARD. 

TTirougTi Passenger and Freight Line, in connection with the Seaboard and Boanoke Bail- 
road at Portsmouth, and inth the Atlantic, Mississipiri and Ohio Bailroad ctt Norfolk, 

FOR THE SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST. 

Througli Tickets and Baggage Checks and Through Bills of Lading for Freight to all 
points South and South-West. MAIL STEAMERS leave daily (Sundays excepted) at 4 
P. M. FREIGHT dispatched twice daily. Passengers by this line enjoy a night's rest, 
unsurpassed State-Room and Saloon accommodations and an excellent Table, and con- 
nect with Fast Express Trains, making this the most agreeable route to the South. 

Ba^^as;e <'hecke(l from Hotels* and Residences by application at 9fo. 154 
W. Baltimore Street. 

EMMET BROWN, General Ticket Agent. 

THOMAS E. DELL. THEODORE KNAPP. 

DELL, KNAPP & CO. 

STE^M BOOKBIISTDEHY, 

81 West Fayette St., bet. Charles & Liberty, B A LTI MO R E . 

Bindings in Boxburg, Oxford, Turkey, Calf, Antique, Bussia, Muslin, <S:c. Also, Fancy, 

Law and Music. Whole Editions of Books Bound in every style. 

At Lowest Prices and with Despatch. 



THOS. B. DKLL & SON^ 

BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS AND BOOK BINDERS, 

OVER NO. 6 N. HOWARD STREET, BALTIMORE. 



376 



The Monumental City, 




> 



hK 



.DAY-BOOK 



iALESBOOK^ 



igASH^BOOKl 
ISURNAL ~ 



"Teach them that Tvhich they ■will 
i Practice when they become Men. 



THE BRY/NT, 
STRATTON & SADLER 




Nos. 6 & 8 N. CHARLES STREET, 
BALTIMORE. 



Organized and devoted entirely to 
preparing 

Young Gentlemen 

To become thorough. 

Practical gccorntants 

AND 

Successful Business Men. 



THERE AEE NO VACATIONS. 



^Mlt' 



STITDJEJVTS CAN ENTER AT ANY TIME. 

Night Session commences Oct. i, 1873, 

And continues in session until April 1, 1874. 

The Business Department of this Institution is most thorough and prac- 
tical. Consignments of Merchandise are daily received and Shipments made. 
Exchange Bouglit and Sold. Drafts and Collections upon all the principal 
cities of the United States and Canadas. The public are invited to call and 
examine the workings of the College, which will convince the most skeptical 
of the importance of young men attending our institution. For College 
Documents, address 

W. H. SADLER, President, 
Nos. 6 & 8 N. Charles Street, 

BALTIMORE. 



Its Past History and Present Resources. 277 

FEBIBROKE SCHOOL FOE B0TS&T0UN6 MEN 

PROF. JAS. C. KINEAR, A. M., PRINCIPAL. 

For further particulars see page 175. 




This Seminary of learning, instituted for the liberal education of young ladies, was 
incorporated in 1849, with authority to confer degrees, and was liberally endowed by the 
State of Maryland in 1860. 

There are two departments of instruction, the Preparatory Department, for young 
misses, and the Collegiate Department, for young ladies. In the latter are conferred 
the degrees of Baccalaurea Literarum, Baccalatjrea Artium, and Magistra 
Artium. 

Among its educational facilities the College has a well-selected library of 3,750 volumes, 
chemical and philosophical apparatus, including a good telescope, presented by Geo. W. 
Childs, Esq., of Philadelphia, a painting gallery, and cabinets of minerals, coins, medals 
and copies of antique gems. 

In a few months the College will be removed to Park Place, at the intersection of Park 
and North avenues, where extensive buildings are being erected for its accommodation. 
These are beautifully situated in a grove on a lofty eminence that commands a view of 
the country around, of the city, and the river and bay for many miles. There are shady 
walks for exercise, and various arrangements will be made for recreation and amusement, 
which, with pure refreshing breezes from the adjacent country, will render it both healthy 
and attractive to the pupils. The buildings will embrace all the modern improvements 
for heating and ventilation, and will have study, recitation, and music rooms, separate, with 
every convenience for boarding and day pupils. 



FACULTY OF INSTRUCTION. 



Prof. N. C. Brooks, LL.D., An. Languages. 
Prof. W. C. Robinson, A.M.,ifa^Aem'cs, d:c. 
Prof Felix Aucaigne, French. 
Prof A. J. VoLCK, Painting. 
Prof. C. GoLA, Piano and Singing. 



Miss LuELLA Kelly, Belles-Lettres. 
Miss Fannie E, Jessie, Mathematics. 
Miss L. A. Maddox, Vocal Music. 
Mrs. E. A. PoLSTER, Piano and Guita/r. 
Miss Emma Polster, Piano. 



For catalogues containing full infoimation as to regulations, tuition, boarding, &c. 
Address 

N. 0. BEOOKS, LL.D., President. 



278 



The Monumental City, 




Established 1812. 



M.i^&- M.1^. Wilson M.. Gary, "I 
M.1^. Gen. John Pegi\am, j '' 



RINCIPALS. 



M.1^. Gen. John Pegi\am, 

197 & 199 N. Charles Street, 
Two squares distant from the Washington Monument. B ALTIIVIORE. 



Cooperage Stores. 



^iREVIOUS to the war the business in Cooperage could not be called 
Jl| extensive, but since 1861 it has been constantly increasing in this City. 
W' A large proportion of the Oil, Pork, Syrup, Beef and Whiskey Barrels 
used in this and neighboring cities is made here of materials from West 
Virginia and Pennsylvania. AVhiskey, Pork and Lard Tierces are shipped 
to Eastern cities in large quantities. Flour and Sugar Barrels, made of 
materials from Ohio and Michigan, are consumed principally by the mills 
and refineries in this vicinity. The demand for these articles keeps in con- 
stant operation four factories, besides a number of smaller establishments 
which employ from 800 to 1,000 operatives. One single House in our City 
aggregated more than $600,000 in its business during the past year. Barrels are 
sent in large quantities to Wilmington, N. C, and other Southern ports for the 
shipment of Turpentine. Cooperage for the West Indies is largely exported 
from Baltimore. During 1872, 300,000 Shocks, and upwards of 2,000,000 
Hoops were shipped to those Islands and South American ports, and consid- 
erable demand has sprung up for Molasses Shocks and Hogsheads from the 
Eastern cities. They are made in the mountains of Pennsylvania and West 
Virginia for Houses in this City, and are brought here over the difierent 
railways. The Trade is rapidly increasing and the facilities possessed by 
Baltimore preclude a diminution in the future. 

KIMBALL^ SHAFFAR ^ GO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



AND DEALERS IN COOPERAGE STOCK. 

ALSO, 

JPnOJPBIETOBS STEAM BARREL FACTORIES, 

PENNSBORO, W. VA., AND BALTIMORE, MD. 

OfBlce Corner Canton and Central Avenues, 

BALTIMORE. 

€apacity, Tight Barrels 100,000 per annum. 

« Slack " 500,000 " 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 279^ 

CHOICE LOTS FOR SUBURBAN RESIDENCES, 

On Graded Avenues, 66 feet ivide, 

FOR SALE OR LEASE AT HIGHLAND PARK. 

Gas, Water and T\vo Lines of Passenger Railroads. 
Apply to CLENDINEN & \VILSON, 

Attorneys at Law, No. 54 Lexington St., cor. Charles St. 

[From the Baltimore Saturday Night of May 3, 1873.1 
SUBURBAN IMPROVEMENTS— HIGHLAND PARK. 
It is questionable if there is any city within the United States surpassing Baltimore in 
her suburban advantages. This is not only the opinion of our own citizens, but it has 
been freely and frequently expressed by visitors (strangers) from almost every part of the 
world. Having been ourselves residents of Baltimore for many years, and noticed with 
especial interest her expansion into the surrounding country, particularly in northerly, 
northwesterly, westerly and easterly directions, we are not surprised, considering all 
these inducements, but gratified that such should have been the case. 

There is, indeed, scarcely a limit to our growth as a centralizing and radiating com- 
mercial metropolis. It is only surprising these suburban attractions were not long ago 
more thoroughly appreciated and availed of. Fortunes were lying in them comparatively 
dormant equal to gold mines, waiting only development through energy and enterprise to 
insure actual realization. Fortunately, however, for a considerable number of our citizens, 
they had forecast sufficient to see what was in the future, and boldness enough to embrace 
opportunities thus offered. By so doing some have already become millionaires, and 
others are on the easy road to fortune. Scarcely an instance can be recalled within the 
past twenty-five, thirty or more years, where investments were made either in improved 
or unimproved property, bordering inside upon the city limits or outside her boundaries, 
extending far out into Baltimore County, that it did not rapidly — almost fabulously — 
advance substantially in value, making fortunate purchasers rich. The fact is — has been 
over and over again practically demonstrated — that fortunes, to a greater or less extent, 
have been more rapidly, surely, and more easily accumulated in this way than by any 
other means. It is free from all risk, and time, without labor, care or anxiety, adds value 
to such investments with each passing month and year. Numerous instances, surprising in 
themselves, could be adduced to prove what we assert. Many of our friends, we gladly 
know, have thus been successful. We could, if necessary, name them by scores, and 
trace their successes almost exclusiuely to speculations of the sort here mentioned. 

It is evident that the increased and increasing population of Baltimore, the inevitable 
tendency of trade and business towards her existing limits, must in time disagreeably 
encroach upon present resident localities. This being the case, persons will gradually 
feel inclined to locate farther out, as many are now doing, choosing country villas as more 
agreeable. Within our own recollection this principle has realized most positive verifica- 
tion. Beautiful little towns and elegant villas — magnificent improvements indeed — have 
gone up where not long ago farms, barren fields, hunting grounds and unsightly pfospects 
were only visible. 

We might present numerous instances in proof of what is above asserted, but at present 
refer more especially to one as an example, challenging emulation. It is the enterprise of 
Messrs. Thomas R. Clendinen and Charles G. Wilson, representatives of the Chesapeake 
Land and Loan Company, the Franklin Land and Loan Company, and the Lexington 
Savings Bank and Loan Company, who. by their enterprise, their young active energy 
are accomplishing, and about to accomplish, improvements similar to those now existing 
within the vicinities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and other large cities. 
It requires just such gentlemen, with quick forecast, expansive, liberal views, who have 
stepped far outside the confines of antiquarian notions, to see, appreciate, and outwork 
enterprises like those in which they have embarked. Baltimore needs more of them to 
insure her progress in every respect, and we hope the time is not distant when she can 
realize their presence, come from where they may. 

The locality to which we here refer, and the scene of operations embarked in by these 
gentlemen, is only one mile from Baltimore, known as "Highland Park." It is a magnifi- 
cent estate of 144 acres rolling land, superbly wooded and watered, rising to an elevation of 
about 500 feet above tide, on the Liberty or Windsor Mill road, reached by the Baltimore, 



280 The Monumental City, 

Calverton and Powhatan railroad, whicli leaves our city at the head of Baltimore street, 
and by the Baltimore and Randallstown railway, running from Pennsylvania avenue and 
Baker street. The first named road skirts along the western front of the property a dis, 
tance of more than 4,000 feet, and the last through the centre of the park 4,500 feet. The 
entire park has been laid out in lots twenty -five feet front, with a depth of 160 feet. Parties 
desiring to purchase, lease or improve, can procure one or more lots adjoining on advan- 
tageous terms. It is the object of the holders to ofier such inducements as will meet a 
ready response. 

This is the most extensive, complete, and inviting suburban improvement of its kind 
ever undertaken within Baltimore's vicinity, and promises great success. The first spade 
was struck 29th August, 1872, and now, less than nine months, some 12,000 feet of ave- 
nues sixty-six feet wide have been graded, planted with silver and sugar maples, white 
poplar and other trees. Gas works capable of supplying as large a quantity as is used in 
Hagerstown have been erected, and a dozen handsome villas, varying in value from $6,000 
to $12,000, have been built, each of different design and style of architecture. All are 
furnished throughout with modern conveniences of gas, water, baths, ranges, furnaces, 
marble mantles, etc. They are substantial, airy, well ventilated, well lighted, commodi- 
ous, elegantly ornamented, and finished in a superior style. Each one is advantageously 
located. The plan of the park, as also that of the building operations, is admirable. 



Established 1850. 



The Leading 

pRINTINQ 

-*- Establishment V — ^ 

' IN 

Baltimore. 
Adams Express Building, 



164 



Baltimore Street. Baltimore. 



A. L. Innes, Jb. 
J. Nbwtok Geegg. 



PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURERS, 

Ware-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 

112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 281 

CANTON. 



[,HE Canton Company, by reason of its varied and extensive powers as a 
Corporation, its wonderful development and its future prospects, is 
entitled to special mention in any article professing to give a history of 
the resources of Baltimore City. The Company was organized in 1828, 
under a charter granted by the State of Maryland, giving the Corporation 
the right to hold land to the extent of ten thousand acres, and, to use the 
language of the fourth section of the Act itself, "to improve in such manner 
as may be conformable to the laws of the State, any lands which shall belong 
to said Company, by laying out streets, &c., in the vicinity of Baltimore on 
or near navigable water, and erecting and constructing wharves, slips, work- 
shops, factories, stores, dwellings and such other buildings and improve- 
ments as may be deemed necessary, ornamental and convenient." 

Porty-five years ago this Company commenced operations. At the moment 
the community was not ripe for an enterprize which comprehended within 
its scope such vast improvements and that was likely in its developments to 
exceed any organization of a similar character in the country. Able and 
energetic men connected themselves with the Corporation; persons whose 
foreknowledge looked beyond the mere hour and its necessities and saw in 
the struggles of the youthful City the elements of a great emporium ; men 
who discovered in Baltimore at that early period the materials for future 
growth, and a destiny not dreamed of in the most sanguine imaginings of her 
very worthy bat somewhat sluggish citizens. Their enterprize and energy 
have already reaped for them golden rewards, scarcely comparable, however, 
with those which await them in the future. 

Contrary to the general law which has obtained in the development of 
cities, (which usually leads them to spread in the direction of the West and 
Northwest,) Baltimore at an early period exhibited a capacity for, and a 
tendency to, expansion in the East certainly equal to that observable in 
either of the other sections. The spirit, too, which had originally created 
distinct towns on the opposite side of Jones' Falls was still at work, and the 
rivalry thus established was entirely favorable to the growth of the City as a 
whole. 

The topographical features of the eastern section were similar to those in 
the west and northwest. A beautifully undulating country offered to 
builders and those in search of residences, eligible sites in either locality, and 
Canton in the east possessed the additional advantage of a magnificent 
expanse of water front, the natural haven of the shipping, and with accom- 
modations ample for an almost indefinite increase of commerce. The Canton 
Company were not slow to avail themselves of these advantages. They 
bought lands and water-fronts and erected houses. 



282 The Monumental Citt, 

There came a period of stagnation. The enterprize languished, and the 
hopes of its well-wishers were dampened. Some imagined that the fore- 
shadowings of Baltimore's future greatness were illusory, others that the 
opportunity had not yet presented itself, and that its founders had better 
await a more convenient season. The corporators were undismayed. New 
and vigorous elements were introduced into the management. Land in and 
about Canton was purchased whenever thrown upon the market — wharves 
were constructed — factories and warehouses built — streets were laid out, 
graded, and paved, until a vast extent of waste common was transformed into 
a busy and prosperous City. The community, slow to realize improvement 
in any shape, began to be attracted by this thriving seat of factories, dwell- 
ings and commercial enterprizes which appeared to have sprung from the 
very bowels of the earth. 

They at length discovered that a great work had been quietly accomplished 
in their midst, but not before capitalists from a distance had been interested 
by the sturdy determination of the Canton Company, and after a careful 
examination of the progress and design of the work, these latter did not hesi- 
tate to embark in it their capital. The stock of the Company appreciated 
rapidly, and after a series of years the foresight of its projectors was abun- 
dantly rewarded and their judgment completely vindicated. 

To-day the Canton Company owns 2,800 acres of land, comprising 18,000 
building lots — laid out 20 by 100 feet — many of them binding on streets 
graded and paved, with water and gas convenient, part within the city limits 
and part without, in Baltimore County, on shelled roads or streets ; also a wharf 
property and water front of 20,000 feet, with a depth of water from 16 to 26 
feet. 

The following is a list of factories and industrial enterprizes in active opera- 
tion on the Company's grounds, together with the number of hands employed 
in each: 

No. Hands. 

13 Oyster and Fruit Packing Houses, 2,500 

1 Stone Cutting Yard 60 

2 Stove and Hollow Ware Foun- 

dries 200 

1 Suffar Refinery 40 

1 Fruit and Oyster Can Factory.... 60 

1 Rolling Mill 1,000 

1 Axe Handle Factory 50 

1 Dredging Company 100 

1 Transfer Company 

2 Chemical Works 

1 Car Wheel Foundry 250 

7 Brick Yards 2,000 

2 Steam Saw Mills 40 

1 Agricultural Work 30 



JVo. Hands. 

1 Sash Factory and Planing Mill 25 

1 White Lead Work, (just started).... 

3 Iron Smelting Furnaces 150 

1 Copper Smelting Furnace 250 

1 Bridge Builder and Machinist 160' 

3 Distilleries 

8 Coal Oil Refineries, (with capacity 

for refining 5,000 bbls. per week) 75 

6 Lager Beer Breweries 60 

1 Packing Box Factory lO' 

1 Ship Yard 

4 Fertilizing Manufactories 45 

3 Lime Burners 30 

1 Cotton Batting Factory 20 

1 Furniture and Wooden Ware Fac'y 30O 



Note.— In an article in another part of this volume the Canton Company was unintentionally mentioned, in 
enumerating the extent of the manufacture of Bricks in the city. This was an error. Without the mention of 
the Brick-Yards at Canton, the summing up on page 248 will be correct. 



Its Past Histoet and Present Eesotjeces. 



283 



A number of enterprises have been established since the foregoing statistics 
were compiled, and the employees and residents have vastly increased during 
the last twelve months. The establishment of transatlantic steam-lines, the 
increasing trade of great rail road corporations with termini in this City, and 
the proposed construction of others have created a pressing demand for ship- 
ping facilities. Our rapidly increasing commercial marine needs much more 
extensive accommodation than the upper harbor of Baltimore, or even Locust 
Point, can furnish. In this emergency the attention of the public has natu- 
rally been directed to the Canton Company for relief. The Company have 
proved themselves equal to the exigency. An increased energy has been 
displayed in the construction of wharves, while immense numbers of piles 
have been driven for any necessity that may arise in the future. Preparations 
have been made for the accommodation of all the rail road corporations, which 
will afford ample facilities for an indefinite augmentation of the trade of Bal- 
timore, and temporary measures have been adopted for immediate and pressing 
demands. 

The Union Rail Road, recently completed, a work of great magnitude, was 
projected mainly under the auspices of the Canton Company. It consists for 
the most part of a Tunnel, constructed at heavy cost through a treacherous 
soil at a depth in some places of 65 feet below the surface, and finished in the 
most substantial manner. In addi- 
tion to the long desired outlet it 
affords to tide-water, it constitutes 
a most important link in the great 
highway between the Metropolis 
and the Capitol of the nation. — 
This corporation was chartered to 
build a rail road around the City to 
connect roads centering here or 
passing through, and to obviate the 
delay and inconvenience of travel 
by horse-power through the streets 
of the City. The Canton Com- 
pany subscribed for most of the 
Stock of the road, and endorsed 
the bonds of the Company to an 
extent suflicient to defray the 
expense of its construction. 

Under a section of its charter, 
all the railroads passing through clay cutting, union rail road tunnel 
Baltimore are entitled to its use at a certain fixed valuation per mile. The 
Northern Central, the Baltimore and Potomac, the Western Maryland, and 
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore will immediately avail them- 
selves of this provision. The first named is now negotiating for 1,700 feet of 
18 




284 The Mon"umen"tal City, 

water-front, sufficient to accommodate more than its present trade. The 
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company has also obtained a crossing from 
their property on Locust Point, by which, the cost of transfer of Cumberland 
coal is reduced to 20 cents per ton, and thousands of tons are already passing 
over. 

Negotiations are pending for the incorporation of a Company to build 
elevators of a capacity sufficient for any quantity of grain. Trestle works 
and transfers are already constructed by which grain, coal and produce gener- 
ally, may be transferred from cars to shipboard, at the smallest possible 
expense. Arrangements are now being perfected for the extension of the 
Western Maryland Rail Road, by a route the shortest yet found to Pittsburg, 
the Lakes, the bituminous and gas-coal fields and coal oil regions. 

The brick yards are to be removed to remote portions of the Company's 
land that the whole property adjacent to the four miles of water-front may be 
developed — in fact everything is being done that a careful foresight can sug- 
gest for the most liberal accommodation of trade that is already centering at 
Canton. Several enterprising New York Capitalists have been added recently 
to the Directors, and the Board is at present composed as follows : 

Chas. J. Baker, George S. Brown, Charles Weber, Wm. G. Harrison, and S. 
Sprigg Belt, of Baltimore, and James H. Banker, Wm. Mertens, Wm. Butler 
Duncan and Samuel L. M. Barlow, of New York. 

The influence exerted by the Canton Company is to be seen not only on 
their own grounds but through the entire Eastern section of the City, and the 
rate of improvement in the latter quarter is at present quite as great as in any 
other portion of Baltimore. The extension of Patterson Park, whence the 
finest views of the City and harbor, with their surroundings may be obtained, 
invites the erection of the handsomest residences, and enterprising builders 
are availing themselves of the opportunities thus presented. A feature of the 
Company's work and to which much of their success may be attributed is the 
fact that they are always ready to extend a helping hand to energetic 
mechanics or business men. Those desirous of prosecuting a certain business 
who do not possess the adequate capital nor machinery, have but to show their 
capacity and energy to be assisted. 

The future of the Canton Company can be readily foretold, but how rapid 
will be its development, and how extensive its usefulness to the City of Bal- 
timore, it is impossible to predicate from any data at present in our possession. 
The anthracite coal from Pennsylvania will seek here a depot, and an outlet 
by hundreds of thousands of tons, — the bituminous and gas-coals will pour 
into Canton in quantities of which the present receipts give but a feeble idea^ 
while the facilities for shipment, indefinite in extent and of such easy accesi- 
bility throughout the entire year, leave no room for doubt that it will rival, if 
it does not supass all other marts for the exportation of coal in this country. 

The rail roads centering here drain an immense extent of fertile country 
and will pour into Canton the great grain products of Maryland, Pennsylva- 



Its Past History and Present Kesources. 285 

nia, Virginia, and a large share of the produce of the vast plains of the West, 
and the elevators to be erected will constitute it the most accessible spot for 
the shipment of grain on the Atlantic seaboard — but it is as a manufacturing 
center that Canton will be especially useful to Baltimore. The number of fac- 
tories already established is but an earnest of its future development in this 
regard and the inducements held out by the Company, the moderate rents, the 
cheapness of living in Baltimore, and the character of the men who comprise 
the Board of Directors, substantial, high-toned and able to accomplish what 
they promise, all point to Canton as the future manufacturing center of the 
seaboard. 



BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. 



^^HARLES CARROLL of Carroll twn, the last surviving signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, laid the corner-stone of the Baltimore 
and Ohio Rail Road on the 4th of July, 1828. The character of this 
illustrious man has shed its influence upon this great work from that hour. 
A long list of Presidents, whose judgments have been surpassed only by 
their integrity and successive Boards of Directors, with foresight and enter- 
prise, tempered with prudence, have given tone to the Corporation in the 
past, and have brought the undertaking to a conclusion so eminently suc- 
cessful as to challenge the admiration of thinking men both at home and 
abroad. 

When we consider that the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road was the first road 
of that nature projected in this country, it is easy to imagine the difficulties 
attending its construction. From the very novelty of the undertaking, many 
untried problems had necessarily to be solved or their impracticability 
demonstrated. During the first few years of its existence these eflForts to dis- 
cover the best and most economical modes of construction, without prece- 
dents, and with the comparatively limited scientific acquirements of those 
days, presented obstacles by the side of which the trials of modern engineering 
shrink into insignificance and the solution of which has facilitated the con- 
struction of many similar works in America. But the perplexities encoun- 
tered in building the road were slight in comparison with the financial diffi- 
culties which beset the Company until the road was completed to the Ohio 
river on the 1st of January, 1853. The opening to Wheeling, a distance of 
379 miles, was attended with special ceremonies and really marked an era in 
the history of railway enterprise. Vast mountains had been tunneled, val- 
leys filled up, and rivers spanned to admit the passage of the locomotive, and 
vexed questions in engineering set at rest forever. A country abounding in 



286 The Monumental City, 

mineral wealth and fertile plains, which needed but the hand of the husband- 
man to "blossom as the rose," was opened up to civilization and made tribu- 
tary to Baltimore; a traffic was begun in Coal which has since then de- 
veloped into gigantic proportions — millions of tons passing over the road 
annually, and a line of intercourse established with the great West that gave 
an impetus to emigration, and has since added greatly to the trade and com- 
merce of our City. 

Mr. John W. Garrett, of the firm of Eobert Garrett & Sons of this City, 
accepted the Presidency of this road in 1858. Financial difficulties had 
embarrassed its operations for some years prior to 1856. Mr. Garrett was 
first induced to interest himself in its affairs about 1857, and very soon there- 
after the good influence of his wise counsels became apparent in its manage- 
ment, but an immediate and palpable change became manifest upon his 
accession to the Presidency. He surrendered to the Eoad his vigorous powers 
of mind, his vast financial experience and his great executive ability. His 
presence at its head acted like a spur upon the Corporation, and since that 
time the history of the road has been a series of uninterrupted successes. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company have established permanent 
co-operative relations with the Marietta and Cincinnati and the Ohio and 
Mississippi Rail Roads, thus virtually extending the Baltimore and Ohio 
Rail Road to Cincinnati, and through that City to St. Louis, connecting by 
friendly Northern and Southern Roads with, and drawing business from the 
Southern half of the great States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, also from 
Kentucky, having direct connection with Louisville, its chief city, and 
reaching Tennessee, Arkansas and other Southern States through other 
effective alliances. 

Under the policy of President Garrett the Baltimore and Ohio has been 
extended to Columbus, Ohio, to Sandusky on Lake Erie and to Pittsburg by 
the extension of the Pittsburg and Connellsville Rail Road, now known as 
the Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Eoad. The Winchester and 
Potomac Rail Road, the Winchester and Strasburg Rail Road, the Washing- 
ton County Rail Road, and the Metropolitan or Point of Rocks Rail Road, 
have been established during this period. This Metropolitan Branch 
shortens the line between Washington and the great West 48 miles. By this 
route and the Connellsville Rail Road the distance from Pittsburg to Wash- 
ington is but 300 miles; thence to Baltimore 38 miles; and only 10 miles 
further from Pittsburg to Baltimore via Washington than by the direct line ; 
hence the name Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Road. Under 
the auspices of the Baltimore and Ohio, a line of rail road is now being con- 
structed through the Valley of Virginia, which will bring this wonderful 
agricultural region into direct communication with our City. By its con- 
nection with the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail Road at Staunton, the Coal, Iron 
and Salt territory of West Virginia is opened up to Baltimore, and by the 
extension of this Valley Rail Road to Salem, and connection with the Vir- 
ginia and Tennessee Rail Road the salt and other minerals of Southwest 



Its Past History and Present Eesources. 287 

Virginia are reached, and also the products of East Tennessee, Georgia, 
Alabama and Mississippi. By the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Rail 
Eoad, with its extensions under its new name, "Washington City, Virginia- 
Midland and Great Southern," the mineral regions of Virginia, the Carolinas 
and Georgia are reached, where gold, silver, lead, copper and iron are found, 
and where the climate and soil are favorable to agriculture, particularly so 
for fruits and vegetables. 

This latter connection is formed by the Washington Branch of the Balti- 
more and Ohio, which leaves the Main Stem at the Relay House, about nine 
miles from Baltimore, and runs to the National Capital. Another short road 
is to be constructed from the Metropolitan Branch to a point in the neighbor- 
hood of the Annapolis Junction, by means of which passengers and freight 
from the West can be conveyed directly to our City by a much shorter route 
than that at present in use, while the line of rail road along the Patapsco 
and Monocacy, penetrating a region abounding in vegetable and mineral 
wealth, will still by its way-traffic add to the revenues of the Company. 

At a point 90 miles above Newark, on the Lake Erie Division of the road, 
it is proposed to construct a line of Rail Road direct to Chicago, a distance 
of 260 miles. In addition to the trade directly from Chicago, and along the 
line of this road, it will have many important connections east of the Prairie 
City, which, in obedience to their interests, will be feeders to this Chicago 
extension. The Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Rail Road connects at 
Tiffin ; the Dayton and Michigan Rail Road extending from Cincinnati 
through Toledo to Detroit, with connections penetrating the Michigan prairies, 
north and west of Saginaw, connects at Deshler, Henry County, Ohio, and 
the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railroad, connects at Defiance, Ohio. This 
road, with its branches, extends over Illinois and Missouri more than ] ,200 
miles. At Auburn, Indiana, it connects with the Fort Wayne, Jackson and 
Saginaw and the Eel River Roads, both extending south into Indiana, and 
north into Michigan. At Walkerton it crosses the Indianapolis, Peru and 
Chicago Rail Road, and by this route can reach Laporte and Michigan City, 
Indiana, the latter a port on Lake Michigan. Before entering Chicago a con- 
nection can be made with the Illinois Central Rail Road, which, with its 
branches, drain the greater portion of Illinois. This road can have no inter- 
est in opposition to the Baltimore and Ohio, but will seek over its line the 
port of Baltimore, as its best; entrepot for the produce of the country, through 
which its main line of branches extend. Numerous branches are proposed to 
connect important towns in Ohio and Indiana, with this Chicago extension. 
The benefits that will accrue to our City from the completion of these great 
enterprises, are incalculable. 

Already has the trade of Pittsburgh, the great manufacturing city west of 
the Alleghanies, begun to pour into Baltimore, and the time is not far distant 
when we shall compete successfully with the cities of Philadelphia and New 
York for the carrying trade of this great region of country. The Baltimore 
and Ohio, with its through connections South and West, has materially aided 



288 The Monumental City, 

the development of those sections, by opening up territory, rich in mineral and 
agricultural resources, susceptible of great improvement and to which the 
rapidly increasing population of the Atlantic seaboard, and the tide of 
emigration pouring into our City may resort with confident hopes of at least 
realizing many of their anticipations by frugality and industry. Towns and 
villages have sprung up along the line of railroad, and even those sections but 
remotely connected with the road have felt its wonderful influence. 

A spirit of enterprise has grown up in neighboring districts; roads and 
turn-pikes have been opened, and vast stretches of country that might have 
remained primeval forests but for this great work of internal improvement, 
have become productive and the inhabitants cultivated and refined. The 
extension of the road from Centreton on the Lake Erie Division to Chicago^ 
gives the Baltimore and Ohio one continuous line of rail road from Baltimore 
to the Lake City of the West, the granary where is received the exhaustless 
products of the fertile plains which stretch out through the northwest. Thus 
Baltimore is enabled to compete with the great cities of the East for a share 
of this immense trade. The extension of the road from Pittsburg to Cen- 
treton, a mere question of time, will give another direct route from Chicago 
to Baltimore. 

The scenery along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailway is pictur- 
esque and beautiful, but portions of the road merit special notice. " Harper's 
Ferry," the point at which the peaceful waters of the Shenandoah become lost in 
the more boisterous Potomac, has been described by Jefferson as "one of the 
most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic 
to witness." Jefferson's Rock, named after that illustrious statesman, a great 
overhanging cliff which looks frowningly down as though it would topple 
headlong upon the unwary traveler, offers an exhaustive view of the wonder- 
ful passage of these two rivers through the very heart of the inountains. 
The road from this point to the Ohio River gives to the sight-seer a succession 
of views embracing nature in almost every attitude. Long ranges of moun- 
tains, beautifiil valleys, level plains, changed by the magic of the husband- 
man into boundless gardens, lofty precipices, mountain torrents, and the 
endless phases in which nature fantastically arrays herself, pass before the 
vision like the ever changing views in some gigantic kaleidescope. "Fort 
Frederick," whose hundred years have witnessed the downfall of one govern- 
ment and the uprearing of another, the vigorous growth of which has 
astonished the world, and with whose history the name of Washington will 
ever be connected, is located near the line of the road between Harper's Ferry 
and Cumberland. "The Glades" and "Cheat River Valley" are perhaps as 
rich in exquisite natural scenery as any portion of the world, and tourists at 
this early date have evinced their appreciation of what has been aptly styled 
"the American Switzerland." 

Among those features on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio well worthy 
of inspection by sight-seers and travelers, are the immense rolling-mills or 



Its Past Histoey and Peesent Kesoueces. 289 

macliine- shops of the Company, located at Cumberland, and the magnificent 
Hotel, recently erected by the corporation for the accommodation of travel 
over their roads. 

The afiairs of the Baltimore and Ohio Kail Eoad under the present adminis- 
tration have been conducted with prudence and economy, and yet, when the 
end appeared to justify the means, the Company has not hesitated to venture 
its capital in behalf of the boldest enterprises. Shortly after the war, a 
pioneer line of Steamers was established between this port and Liverpool 
under the auspices of this corporation, which, though not entirely successful, 
because of the very limited carrying capacity of the vessels employed, clearly 
demonstrated that as a port of entry, Baltimore was destined to become one 
of the leading Cities in America. This line was succeeded by what is known 
as the " JSTorth German Lloyd," or " Baltimore and Bremen " line of Steam- 
ships. Four first-class steam-ships have already been placed on this route 
(and two more are in process of construction) to ply between Baltimore, 
Southampton and Bremen. 

The property of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Eoad at Locust Point has 
been greatly improved to meet the requirements of these Steamers. The funds 
necessary for improving the harbor and channel having been provided by 
the Government of the United States and the City of Baltimore, this work, 
which has been in progress for some time, is rapidly approaching completion. 
When finished, the depth of water will be sufficient for the largest sea-going 
vessels, — all that is necessary to make Baltimore equal to any seaport in the 
country and without drawback from the advantages she possesses over all 
others in geographical position. Piers have been constructed at Locust 
Point, spacious and substantial warehouses built, and a grain elevator erected 
with a capacity for 600,000 bushels of grain. In addition, the Company 
proposes to erect immediately two more grain elevators with a capacity of 
1,000,000 bushels each. 

The success of the Bremen Steamships has led to the establishment of 
another Transatlantic Steamship Company, the Allan Line, which connects 
this port with Halifax and Liverpool. The cheapness of fuel in Baltimore 
gives these Steamers a great advantage over other cities. They are enabled 
to coal here at a reduction in cost of $2,000, for each voyage, and the port 
charges in comparison with other cities along the Atlantic Coast, are insig- 
nificant. 

The great Workshops of the Company at Mount Clare, on the Western 
suburbs of our City, in which are employed more than sixteen hundred 
hands, form an especial feature of Baltimore. Here all varieties of work 
required by the necessities of a mammoth rail road are manufactured. Great 
Iron Bridges, Locomotives, Pullman Palace Cars and the most elegant 
Passenger Coaches, with all their polished veneering and rich upholstery. 
Stationary Engines, Boilers, Car Wheels, Axles, Bar Iron, Eail Fixtures, 
Springs, &c., are produced with a neatness of finish and skillfulness, and with 



290 The Monumeijtal City, 

strong and durable qualities not exceeded anywhere in the world. At 
various points along the line of road, similar workshops of very ample 
capacity for the repair and manufacture of machinery, are established. 

The benefits which our City has reaped from this great road are simply 
inestimable. The impetus given to manufactures and the employment 
furnished to citizens would alone abundantly compensate the City for the • 
assistance she gave the road in the early stages of its construction, but the 
vast amount of wealth, mineral and agricultural, poured into our City 
through this main artery can only be measured by her rapid increase in all 
the elements which make a great metropolis. 

The financial condition of the City has been very strikingly affected by 
her relations to the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad. Being a proprietor of 
$3,250,000 of the stock of the Company, she receives ten per cent, upon her 
investment, and, paying but six per cent, upon the debt created to aid this 
work, she realizes a profit of $130,000 annually for the benefit of the tax- 
payers. 

It may be noted here as a remarkable fact that the assessed value of the 
real estate in Baltimore at the time the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad was 
commenced, in 1827, was but $27,000,000, a sum less by $29,000,000 than 
the amount since absorbed in this great work. 

The vast proportions to which this organization has grown, are shown by 
the fact that its control already extends over railway properties in many 
States, the cost of which exceeds $100,000,000. It possesses more than 500 
locomotives, over 10,000 passenger and freight cars, and employs above 20,000 
men in its working departments ; its disbursements for labor, material and 
supplies exceeding $1,000,000 per month. 

As the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad, together with the vast net-work of 
railways co-operating with it, is used in making Baltimore a great manufac- 
turing and commercial centre, and the most economical and desirable 
entrepot for the constantly expanding business of large portions of our exten- 
sive country, it requires but the concurrent energy and enterprise of our 
citizens to make the progress and greatness of the City unlimited in extent 
and thoroughly substantial in character. 

The following is a list of the prominent officers of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Eail Eoad : 

President — John W. Garrett ; 1st Vice President — John King, Jr.; 3d Vice 
President — Wm. Keyser ; Master of Transportation — Thomas E. Sharp ; Mas- 
ter of Machinery — John C. Davis ; Master of Road — John L. Wilson ; Gen- 
eral Freight Agent — N. Guilford ; General Ticket Agent — L. M. Cole ; Gen- 
eral Passenger Agent — Sydney B. Jones, (Cincinnati) ; Auditor — Wm. T. 
Thelin ; Assistant Auditor — A. D. Smith, (Columbus, Ohio); Treasurer — Wm. 
H. Ijams ; Superintendent of Telegraph — A. G. Davis ; General Superinten- 
dent Ohio Division, (Columbus, 0.) — W. C. Quincy ; Edward Potts, Secretary 
to the President. 



Its Past Histoey and Peesent Eesoueces. 



291 



NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY. 



Mi^ that broad expanse of country Avith Niagara Falls, between Lakes Erie 
'yi and Ontario, forming the apex and New York, Philadelphia and our 
T^ own City marking the base of the triangle, may be found pretty fully 
illustrated the great wealth which Nature has given to man. 

That its importance was thoroughly appreciated by all tbree of these large 
cities and that they desired to secure its advantages to themselves peculiarly, 
is evidenced by the fact that great lines of rail roads were very early in the 
history of our country projected through its entire length and breadth and 
now form a perfect net-work over the territory embraced in the triangle. 
The richest fruits of husbandry, the exhaustless mineral deposits which 
underlie the soil in that region, the great woods which furnish so luxuriously 
our best saloons and drawing-rooms, form together a combination of treasures 
which can be surpassed probably in no other section of the globe. 

The range of territory embraced within the lines drawn from these cities 
to the point named above, has had expended upon it, perhaps, more of the 
muscular strength and exuberant energy of man than any other district of 
the same dimensions in this or the Old World, save the portions of Great 
Britain and the continent of Europe that have been for ten centuries inhabi- 






LAKE ROLAND. 

p ted and cultivated by an enlight- 
ened race. Several causes have led 
to this wonderful development of a 
region not a whit better than many 
other parts of these United States. 
Proximity to our great cities and 



292 The Monumental City, 

the vast capital which centres in those places, but especially the facilities for 
building rail roads, have brought about a result which must necessarily lead 
to the growth of the whole American Continent and the realization of the 
prophecies of our sanguine politicians with reference to its immense forces at 
the beginning of the next century. 

Among those great Eoads which have contributed to the progress of this 
vast section of our country may be mentioned with pride by Baltimoreans 
the present "Northern Central Kail way," formerly known as the Baltimore 
and Susquehanna. Chartered by the State of Maryland on the 13th day of 
February, 1828, organized as a Company on the 5th of May following, with a 
Board of Directors whose names are historic, it commenced operations by the 
laying of the corner-stone on the 8th of August of the succeeding year. It 
was confidently expected that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania would 
combine with our State in this great undertaking, and after long delay, in 
March, 1832, an act of incorporation was obtained from the Pennsylvania 
Legislature to extend the road from York to the Maryland line. The latter 
act was objectionable in its features, and it was not until November, 1835, 
that a satisfactory conclusion was reached between the Legislative body of 
that State and the Stockholders of the road. Our space requires that we 
should be brief in our notice of the early history of this Company. 

Like all great works of internal improvements, planned almost in the dawn 
of our national life, it had its trials and struggles. The wisdom of our Leg- 
islators which had manifested itself so conspicuously with regard to other 
corporations was not slow to perceive the advantages that must accrue from 
this organization to the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. Timely 
aid was extended, and our own City contributed her quota towards its con- 
struction. It must be borne in mind however, that rail roads at that time 
were in their infancy — civil engineering was scarcely a distinct science outside 
of the army, and very able men with the best intentions in the world were 
liable to make mistakes in estimates, and did make egregious errors. The 
road was opened to the Relay House on July 4th 1831 and to Timonium and 
Owings' Mills in 1832. It was perhaps the first rail road corporation in this 
country to undertake gradients of any considerable magnitude. The Parr 
Spring Eidge was overcome by a grade of 84 feet to the mile, for two and 
seven-tenths miles. 

An interesting feature in its early history was the importation of a locomo- 
tive from Liverpool, ordered in March 1831, and ready for delivery six months 
before a vessel could be obtained to bring it over — the third locomotive, by 
the by, in successful operation in America. The Baltimore and Susquehanna 
Eail Road was completed to York, in August 1838; the Wrights ville, York 
and Gettysburg Rail Road subsequently operated in connection with this road, 
was finished in 1840 ; to Columbia it was opened in the same year and com- 
munication secured with Pittsburg by means of a canal from that point. 



Its Past History and Prbsei^t Resources. 



29a 



The State of Maryland on the 10th of March, 1854, and the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania on the 3d of May following, passed an act with 
this title: 

" An Act to authorize the consolidation of the Baltimore and Susquehanna 
Rail Road Company, with the York and Maryland Line Rail Road Company,, 
the York and Cumberland Rail Road Company, and the Susquehanna Rail 
Road Company by the name of the Northern Central Railway Company." 

The connection 
of the Northern 
Central with th& 
great Pennsyl- 
vania Road, its 
extension by 
means of its own 
branches or 
healthful con- 
nections to the 
Lakes, the West, 
the North-west, 
the South, and 
the Pacific Coast 
are so well 
known to the 
public at large, 
as to require no 
allusion in an 
article of this 
kind. That this 
road ramifying as 
it does, through- 
its connections, 
the whole North 
American Conti- 
nent as far as it 
has yet been set- 
tled, has accom- 
plished incalcu- 
lable good for 
our country, it 
is scarcely neces- 
sary to mention here, but there are features about it which belong to few 
rail roads, and which we feel bound to recount in an article setting forth its 
advantages in connection with the history of Baltimore. If we glaince at any 




THE ARTIST'S DREAM— WATKINS GLEN. 



294 The Mon-umental City, 

of the maps which exhibit its extensions, we shall find that along its line 
have sprung into existence towns and cities as though by magic. So thickly 
are they strewn from Baltimore to Canaadaigua, that a map drawn with 
proper scales will hardly contain their names. The whole road appears to be 
a continuous city with here and there a more thickly settled portion to mark 
the greater enterprise of a particular class of the inhabitants. 

The immense wealth underlying the surface of Baltimore County, iron, 
marble, granite and lime, is tapped and brought into our City. The road 
penetrates the wonderful anthracite region in Pennsylvania, and its exhaust- 
less products are received in Baltimore by hundreds of thousands of tons. 
The Copper mines about Lake Superior contribute to its revenues, — the 
through travel from the great North-west, the products of that section and 
of the "Far West" and their vast resources, mineral, vegetable and cereal, 
are poured into our City through its means. 

The gentlemen connected with the road have displayed an energy and have 
adopted a far-sighted policy that really rank them among those great practical 
men who have made the nineteenth century an extraordinary era in the 
annals of history. Whenever a connection could be profitably formed and 
was likely to lead to trade and travel to any of the larger cities where its 
termini are located the road was extended in that direction, and this has 
been done repeatedly when immediate profit could not have been a considera- 
tion, indicating clearly that it was the result of enlightened prudence, and 
that future prosperity was the object at which the Company was aiming. 
This policy undoubtedly in the early history of the road impaired its financial 
strength, but "it is an ill-wind that blows nobody good," and the terrific war 
between the North and the South which brought trouble to every community 
and almost every fire-side in the land, yielded a golden harvest to the rail 
roads located along or leading to the lines of the contending armies. This 
road was convenient to the capital of the country, and like similar corpora- 
tions having depots in this City, its cofi'ers were replenished by the revenue 
acquired from the Government for the transportation of troops and supplies 
and its embarrassments were consequently dissipated. A double track was 
completed over the greater portion of its length, and its monetary strength 
so considerably augmented that it was enabled to extend a helping hand to a 
new road projected through a very fertile section of our State but which had 
languished because of the impoverished condition of our people who resided 
in that region. 

The latter, the Baltimore and Potomac, has since then been built through 
several of the lower Counties of Maryland to the Potomac river and also to 
the City of Washington, and forms close and continuous connections by 
locomotive power through the great tunnels under the Eastern and North- 
western sections of our City with all the leading Northern and Southern 
routes of travel. 



Its Past Histoky and Pkesent Kesources. 



295 



The ISTorthern 
Central Eailway 
Company have 
not been content 
to rest on their 
oars; they seek 
now by means of 
the Union Rail 
Road an outlet to 
tide-water, which 
inviewoftheyery 
great increase in 
the Coal trade of 
our City in the 
past 18 months, 
will be specially 
advantageous to 
our commercial 
interests. They 
have invested 
heavily in land at 
Canton and pur 
pose the erection 
immediately of 
spacious piers, 
wharves and ele 
vators for the re- 
ception of West- 
ern grain. But 
we shall devote 
the balance of oui 
space to a sum- 
mary of the more 




THE EAGLE CLIFF AND FALLS— HAVANA GLEN. 



mteresting and beautiful features along the line of this great road. A trip 
over it from Baltimore to Niagara cannot fail to interest, and its impressions 
will be stamped upon the mind forever. For simple beauty, splendor or 
sublimity the scenery along the route is perhaps not equalled by that of any 
road in the world. There may be lines of travel which, separately, illustrate 
more strongly any one of these features, but such a combination can scarcely 
be witnessed on any other road. The Rocky Mountain passes give us an 
idea oi grandeur, some of the terrific declivities of the Andes, sublimity, and 
the beautiful little glades about Cheat River in the Alleghany range suggest 
simple loveliness, but along this line of road we have them all, and can enjoy 
them seriatim. 



296 The Monumental City, 

As the train passes out of the substantial depot on Calvert Street the trav- 
eller is confronted with the great machine shops which have given Baltimore 
such a reputation as a centre for manufactures. Through a line of villages, 
the natural off-shoots of a great city, teeming with busy life and echoing the 
sound of the manufacturer's hammer, the train glides until a beautiful little 
lake is reached which nestles peacefully in a smiling valley. So cosily is it 
located one finds it difficult to realize that the skill of man, not the hand of 
!N"ature, has created Lake Eoland as a reservoir to supply the wants of a 
great city. 

The road passes Timonium, at one time the great race-course of the State, 
where many of the contests that so delighted the distinguished heads of the 
old Maryland families, were wont to occur. Further on, beyond Cockeysville, 
are located the marble, granite and lime quarries and the iron works at Ash- 
land, with great beds of ore that are likely to add for an indefinite period to 
the resources and prosperity of our City. The Grunpowder River, a small 
stream tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, intersects the road at numerous 
points until the Maryland line is reached. The river crosses beneath the 
railway in several places, and in some instances its windings and twistings 
among the overshadowing rocks give a decidedly picturesque appearance to 
the landscape. Long ranges of hills in the upper part of Baltimore County, 
discovering to the pleasure-seeker or traveller the various strata of rock so 
instructive to the geologist and attractive to all who take an interest in 
the workings of Nature, mark this portion of the Northern Central Rail- 
way. 

There are so many features of general interest along the line of this road 
that it will be impossible for us to mention them all, and many omis- 
sions will necessarily occur of spots which travellers, once seeing, can never 
forget. The connections of the Northern Central with Gettysburg and its 
vicinity point it out as a delightful Road to excursionists. Here occurred 
what has been supposed by many to have been the crowning battle of the 
fratricidal strife which deluged some of the fairest portions of our country in 
blood. The Healing Springs of Gettysburg, a recent discovery, and the 
variegated scenery of the surrounding country, are strong inducements both 
to the sight-seer and the valetudinarian. 

It is not, however, until after Harrisburg is reached that the more striking 
features of this great highway can be thoroughly appreciated. The Susque- 
hanna comes in view, a stream, broad, majestic and prolific in points of 
interest, and, as the full moon at times casts its pale rays over the waters, 
suggestive of scenes far away, where the people traverse their city in boats, 
and shadowy forms glide from under the dark arches like phantoms from 
another world, with this difference, that the apparitions proceed from the 
numberless drifts which crowd the river, and the gondolas are lovely little 
islands studding its centre and sides. 



Its Past History aistd Present Resources. 



297 



SUSQUEHANNA, NEAR HARRISBURG. 




BT 



But there is ^-~ 
a region be- „,^ 
yond Harris- '^ 
burg on this ""^^^^^ 

road, a section of America which deserves 
special mention, where nature has invest- 
ed the country with all the qualities 
alluded to above, and where the industry 
of man with his feeble auxiliaries, has utilized the 
boundless treasures she offers him. As we pass through 
the centre of Pennsylvania into the AVestern portion 
of JSTew York, we encounter a succession of beautiful views, — lofty precipices, 
mountain torrents, rushing cascades, pastoral fields, awful chasms, headlong 
falls of streams and wonderful upheavals of the Earth's surface which cause us 
to gaze with admiration, and if reflection at such a time be possible, to think 
of the limitless phenomena produced for our pleasure and instruction by an all 
wise and all powerful Creator, in a space which occupies so small a portion of 
the planet on which we live. The exquisite beauty of the landscape along the 
canal near Millport; Watkins Glen, already world renowned, with its bound- 
less variety of scenery, alternately awing us into soberness by its grandeur 
and calling forth exclamations of delight by its sweet peaceful beauty; the 
very names of the views suggestive and showing how man can only be an 
imitator of the manifold workings of nature, "the Cathedral," "the Artist's 




Dream ;" Havana Glen with its 
" Bridal Veil," its " Mystic Cas- 
cade," its "Eagle Cliff and Fall;" 
the little mountain torrents 
flowing through each of these 
vales displaying a multiplicity 
of motions, at one moment leap- ' 
ing with resistless fury from 
precipice to precipice as though 
they would rend the adamantine 
surfaces upon which they fell ; 
at another gliding mildly along 
with graceful sinuosity as though 
they had never rushed and spout- 
ed and foamed ; the mammoth 
walls of rock, with jagged sides 
which rear their lofty heads on 
either hand as these limpid foun- 
tains gush down their sides or 
seek the old and beaten path- 
way marked out for them at 
some preadamite period, when 
man was known only in the mind, 
of the great Creator — all these 
varied and wonderful objects of 
interest widely known at pre- 
sent, are destined in the future 
to make this region the mecca 
of tourists, and the Northern 
Central Railway the route by 
which their pilgrimages are tO' 
be accomplished. 

Genesee Falls are too well- 
known to need description here, 
and finally the great Falls of 
Niagara, the eighth wonder of 
the world, the apex of the tri- 
angle referred to in the begin- 
ning of this article are reached. 
Their grandeur and sublimity 
are known to the whole world,, 
and the impossibility of doing: 
justice to their magnificent fea- 
tures should be a sufficient 
apology for their mere mention. 



THE BRIDAL, YEIU-HAVANA GLEN. 



In closing our re- 
maTks upon the 
Northern Central, it 
is due to this corpor- 
ation that we should 
particularly specify 
the great benefits it 
has accomplished, 
not only for the sec- 
tions of country 
through which it 
immediately passes, 
but for the whole of 
our vast territory as 
yet brought under 
cultivation and made 
tributary to the 
wants and luxuries 
of our people. 

Beginning its ef- 
forts early in our 
history, it pushed 
steadily on with its 
work until that por- 
tion already alluded 
to had been pene- 
trated, and its rich 
treasures, — mineral, 
agricultural and 
beautiful, — exposed 
to the gaze and col- 
lected for the use of 
mankind. 

The development 
of one region leads 
to the advancement 
of all. How far the 
Company has been 
instrumental in as- 
sisting the progress 
of civilization to the 
far West, it is im- 
possible to estimate; 
it is sufficient for 
our purposes to state, 




19 



UNDER THE FALL, LOOKING TOWARD THE CATHEDRAL— WATKINS GLEN- 



300 



The Monumental City, 



that, as in the 2^(^st, it has sought connections and extended its road 
wherever they were likely to prove mutually profitable to the corporation 
and the City of Baltimore, so for \h.Q future, the present energetic and pru- 
dent management of the Company is a satisfactory guarantee. 
The following are the ofl&cers of the Northern Central Railway : 
President — J. D. Cameron; Vice President — J. N. Du Barry; General 
Manager — A. J. Cassatt; Secretary — E. S. Hollins; Treasurer — J. S. Leib; 
Auditor — S. Little ; General Passenger Agent — Edwin S. Young ; General 
Eastern Freight Agent — J. M. Drill ; General Western Freight Agent — Isaac 
M. Schermerhorn. 



BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD. 



I |HE five lower Counties on the Western Shore of Maryland contain a 
1 I population, intelligent, educated and refined, and possessing character- 
W istics very similar to those which distinguish the inhabitants of our 
own City; moreover, in each of those counties may be found broad tracts of 
country remarkably fertile and productive and most beautifully located, and 
yet until within the last year or so, but little has been known of these people 
or the section in which they live. 

A number of reasons may be urged for this apparent 
obscurity. We shall, however, suggest but one, so self- 
evident, that its bare mention will cause its recognition. 
Until a very recent period there were practically no 
avenues of communication between Baltimore and large 
sections of these counties, not forty miles distant from 
^g=_^ the city limits. The fact 
^^^ is the "iron-horse" had 
^? penetrated the vast wil- 
dernesses of the West and 
scaled the lofty altitudes 
of the Eocky Mountains 
before he had entered the 
"forest of Prince George" 
or the great tobacco grow- 
ing country of Charles and 
St. Mary's, while much the 
^^^!^MF' larger and richer portions 
' "^ of Anne Arundel and Cal- 
HiGH BRIDGE OVER GWYNN's FALLS. B. & P. R. R. ygyt are still without rail 




Its Past Histoey and Peesekt Resources. 301 

road communication. The steamboats which ply between Baltimore and 
different points along the shores of these counties, though furnishing safe 
and commodious means of access, do not of themselves afford sufficient outlet 
for the trade of the Southern portions of the Western Shore, even when not 
obstructed by the inclemency of the weather during the winter season. 
Though they contribute their quota to the development of that portion of 
our State they are not able to bring about that rapid improvement which 
would seem to be necessary to enable these sections of Maryland to keep pace 
with the great march of progress and advancement taking place in many 
other parts of the country. 

Before the war, the gentlemen from these counties lived like feudal barons. 
Surrounded by their slaves, nearly all were independent as far as this world's 
goods were concerned, and the spirit of money-making, at present the preva- 
lent feature of all communities, had made but slight inroads among the 
wealthy neighborhoods which so thickly dotted this lower tier of counties. 

Hospitality, the brightest gem in Maryland's crown, the jewel which has 
made her far better known in foreign lands than some of her wealthier and 
more enterprising sisters, seemed to be both the business and pastime of the 
inhabitants of this portion of our State, and as there was no urgent necessity 
for the exercise of energy, at that time but little of it was exhibited. There 
were bright exceptions even then to the rule. Some men were conspicuous 
in these localities for their clear appreciation of the real needs of lower Mary- 
land and endeavored to arouse a spirit of enterprise. As early as 1853, a 
number of these gentlemen applied to the Legislature and obtained a charter 
for the Baltimore and Potomac Eail Eoad. The preliminary organization 
was not effected until 1859, and the following gentlemen were selected as 
Directors of the road: Hon. John Stephen Sellman, of Anne Arundel County; 
Hon. William D. Bowie and Col. W. W. W. Bowie, of Prince George's County; 
Hon. Walter Mitchell and John W. Jenkins, of Charles County ; Edmund S. 
Plowden^ of St. Mary's County, and Edwin Eobinson, of Virginia. 

Unavailing efforts were made to commence the construction of the road 
during the year. No State or City aid had been secured, and as was said 
above the large majority of land owners did not at that time realize the neces- 
sity for railroad communication with Baltimore. The Hon. Oden Bowie, 
since then Governor of our State, was made a Director of the road, and very 
soon thereafter its President, in 1860. He immediately suggested a more 
active policy, and two sections of the work, from Upper Marlboro to the 
Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail Road, were put under contract. Had the 
contractors completed their work, Upper Marlboro, the county seat of Prince 
George's, would have been placed in communication with our City by means 
of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Rail Road and its connection with the 
Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. Unfortunately 
the civil war broke out and a long period of inactivity followed. Governor 



303 



The Monumental City, 



Bowie never relaxed his efforts, but the political agitation which convulsed 
the country for the next four years rendered abortive every attempt to build 
a road that did not minister to its necessities in some form. 

The war over, the people of Prince George's and Charles became alive to 
the almost absolute necessity of the road, but they were in no condition to 
respond financially to the demands of Covernor Bowie. The system of labor 
in these counties had undergone a complete revolution. Millions of dollars 
worth of property had been swept away — hundreds of households were impov- 
erished, and those who had escaped bankruptcy had not yet adjusted them- 







j II III 
















EASTERN ENTRANCE OF BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD TUNNEL. 

selves to the great change that had taken place in their mode of planting and 
farming. With what rapidity they assimilated themselves to the change in 
their condition and put their shoulders to the wheel, it is hardly necessary to 
state here, but at this juncture, no local capital could be raised and the prospects 
of the corporation were desperate. Governor Bowie was undismayed. He had 
seen all along the great advantages to be derived from its construction, not 
only to the portion of Maryland through which it would pass, but also to 
Baltimore, which it would place in such close connection with the great South- 



Its Past History astd Present Kesources. 303 

ern and South-western lines of travel and which ''througli its branch road to 
Washington gave another means of approach to the National Capital. 

The capitalists of Maryland had very generally invested in the great corpo- 
rations which had served to extend the trade and commerce of Baltimore, and 
the financial pressure which had followed the close of the war, and which 
has not altogether abated at this writing, did not leave many of them in a 
condition to aid in the construction of another road. Struggles, too, ensued 
with rival corporations, and it was not until 1867 that legislative enactments 
were obtained that enabled the corporation to commence its work. 

la the meantime, the President had not been idle. Finding it impossible 
to interest the capitalists of our own State because of the crippled condition 
in which they were placed, he went elsewhere. The Pennsylvania Eail 
Eoad Company appreciated directly the advantages likely to accrue to 
Baltimore and its own system of roads from its completion, and the requisite 
funds were secured for its construction. The road was put under contract 
immediately throughout its entire length. 

It was to be built first from Baltimore through Anue Arundel, Prince 
George's and Charles Counties, to Pope's Creek, on the Potomac River, a dis- 
tance of 73 miles, and its lateral branch to' Washington, from Bowie Junction 
in Prince George's, was to be 17 miles long, making its entire length 90 miles. 
The Baltimore and Potomac was opened from Baltimore to AVashington on 
the 2d day of July, 1872, and from Bowie to Pope's Creek on the 1st of Jan- 
uary, 1873. 

The most prominent features of the road are its great tunnels under the cities 
of Washington and Baltimore. The tunnel in our City passes directly under 
the streets and houses, is one and a half miles in length, and at some points 
55 feet below the level of the streets. It is cut in many instances through 
solid rock. Water and other obstacles were encountered, but the most scien- 
tific principles of engineering were brought into play to surmount them, the 
magnitude of which will be better understood Avhen it is known that its cost 
has been more than two millions of dollars. Indeed there is no such work 
under any other city in the Union. The road itself from Baltimore to Pope's 
Creek is a model of engineering skill. The Company have availed themselves 
of all the modern improvements in rail road construction known to Engineers. 
Its superstructure is substantially built and laid with durable rails weighing 
64 pounds to the yard. 

The immediate results to follow to the city of Baltimore are, an impetus to 
farming and planting through an extended and very fertile region of our own 
State, by which the productions of that section, such as corn, wheat and 
tobacco, are likely to be increased four-fold, and fruits and vegetables of every 
description brought into the city at prices which will place them within 
reach of the whole community ; an enhancement of the value of property 
along its line, and an offer of sites for summer residences for our successful 



304 



The Monumental Citt, Its Past History, Etc. 



merchants, together with small farms, for their recreation and pleasure, at 
prices likely to render unnecessary the expensive exodus of our people during 
the hot months of summer to the various fashionable and uncomfortable 
resorts and watering places. 

To the country through which it passes it will simply be an inestimable 
auxiliary. Its more remote benefits to our City will manifest themselves at 
an early day when th.e plans at present in contemplation have been carried 
out and the extension to Eichmond completed. Already, through its Wash- 
ington branch, intercourse with the Southern lines of rail road has been 
secured, and the completion of the Baltimore tunnel gives a perfectly agreea- 
ble and convenient route to through trade and travel. The road is abund- 
antly provided with the finest equipment of engines, passenger coaches, 
palace and sleeping cars, and has already fulfilled the most sanguine hopes of 
its friends. 

The following is a list of the present officers of the corporation : 
Hon. Oden Bowie, President; J. N. Du Barry, Vice President and General 
Manager; E. L. Du Barry, Superintendent; S. Little, Secretary and Auditor; 
J. S. Leib, Treasurer; Edwin S. Young, General Passenger Agent; James 
]\r. Drill, General Freight Agent. 



The author begs to say, that in compiling this account of "The Monumental 
City, Its Past History and Present Eesources," he has had to contend with 
peculiar difficulties. In the efibrt to represent all interests, it has been 
necessary to seek information from many sources, and to accept it in various 
shapes. The facts obtained were sometimes a little highly colored by the 
prejudices of those from whom they were derived. 

Whatever may be the faults of the work, he feels that he has gathered 
a mass of information in regard to our prosperous and growing city, and that 
in acting the pioneer, he has materially lightened the labors of those who will 
come after him. 

GEO. W. HOWARD. 



THE CELEBRATED 

LEFFEL PATENT AMERICAN 
Double Turbine Water- Wheel, 

The Best Water-Wheel in Existence. 

H&NUFACTURSD BT 

POOLB ^ HUiyfT^ 





J. W. BO N D &, C O. 

BOOKSELLJEBS AJSTD STATIONERS, 

«p?^«Yte'^*«Tt-SS?rA'v^e?/„e.} No. 90 Baltimore St., Baltimore. 



306 The Monumental City, 

National Fire Insurance Company 

OF BALTIMORE. 




Incorporated by the State of 
Maryland, Dec. Sess. 1849. 



Chartered Capital, 

^300,000. 



Cash Capital, 
100,000 



Assets, 
207,000 



JOHN B. SEIDENSTRICKER, President. 



DIRECTORS. 

HENRY M. BASH, HUGH SISSON, 

GEORGE BARTLETT, 

JOSEPH W. JENKINS, 

WILLIAM WOODWARD, 

EDWARD J. CHURCH, 

GEORGE SMALL, 



ROBERT LAWSON, 
DECATUR H. MILLER, 
OLIVER A. PARKER, 
ROBERT LEHR, 
GEORGE C. JENKINS. 



H. C. LANDIS, Secretary. 

THOMAS 0. JENKINS, Jr., Clerk. 
WILLIAM C JENNESS, Clerk. 

Office at the North-West cor. of Holliday & Second Sts. 



Its Past History and Peesent Eesources. 



307 




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ILLUSTRATIONS. 



/ • 

Page. 

American Bitilding, The . 55 

Artist's Dream — Watkins' Glen, 293 

Baltimore Female College, . 277 

" Fire Ins. Oo.'s Building, . 257 

" Glass-Works, . . 232 

" In 1752, ... 15 

" Pearl Hominy Building, . 138 

" Steam Sugar Refinery, . 112 

Banking House — John A. Hambleton 

&Co.'s, . . .266 

Blind Asylum, . . 51 

Boys' Home, ... 52 

Bridal Veil— Havana Glen, 298 

Building — Brosius & Co.'s, . 152 

J. W. Bond & Co.'s, . 305 

Carlin & Fulton's, . . 155 

William Devries & Co.'s, . 144 

SMpe, Cloud & Co.'s, . . 145 

Young Men's Christian Association , 48 

Buildings— Drakeley & Fenton's, 108 

Flack Bros.' . . 128 

George & Jenkins,' . . 107 

Building — Hodges & Bros.' . 150 

National Fire Ins. Co., . , 306 

George F. Webb's, . . 136 

Wilson, Burns & Co.'s, . 119 

Business Houses — Armstrong, Cator 

&Co's, . . . 159 

Business House— Barrett & Higgins', 160 
Church — Bethany Independ. Methodist, 36 
Cathedral, Catholic, The . . 34 

Eutaw Place Baptist, . 41 

First Baptist, ... 75 
Mount Vernon Place Methodist 

Episcopal, ... 66 

]Srew First Presbyterian, . . 47 

Old First Presbyterian, . 46 

Old Light Street Methodist, . 65 

Sharp St. Meth Epis (colored,) 77 

St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal, 68 

Calvert Sugar Refinery, . 118 

Carrollton Hotel, . 252 

Clay Cutting — Union Rail Road 

Tunnel, . . .283 

Cut op the Harbor, . 245 

Druid Mills, . . .179 

Eagle Cliff and Falls — Havana 

Glen. . . 295 

Eastern Entrance op the Balti- 
more AND Potomac Tunnel, 302 
Edmond's Well — Druid Hill Park, 87 
Entrance op Druid Hill Park, 86 
Estey Organ, . . . 197 



Page. 
Forest Trees— Druid Hill Park, 88 
Franklin Bank, . . . 263 

Frontispiece. 

German Correspondent Building, 60 
Guy's Hotel, . . . 251 

Hebrew Hospital, . . 49 

High Bridge over Gwynn's Falls, 300 
HoEN, A., & Co. . . . 99, 100 
Home op the Aged op the M. E. 

Church, ... 53 
Homeless Boy, . . .45 

Horner, Joshua, Jr. . 237, 238 

Institution for the Education of 

Deaf and Dumb, . . 96 

Iron Works — 

Bartlett, Robbins & Co.'s, 215 
Knabe, Wm., & Co., . . .307 
Lake Roland, . . . 291 

Larrabee's Block, , . 166 

Mansion House, . . . 253 

Maryland Institute, . . 40 

Maryland Moulding, Turning 

AND Sawing Works. . 193 
Maryland Sugar Refinery, 115 

Maryland Window-Glass Works, 230 
Masonic Temple, .... 72 
Miller's Safe and Iron Works, 205 
Monuments — Washington, * . .69 

Wildey, 70 

New City Hall, . . .33 

Numsen's Block, . . 103, 141 

Patapsco Flouring Mills, . 132 

Peabody Institute, . . 38 

Poole & Hunt's Works, . 207 

Present Boundaries of the City, 29 
School of Medicine, University 

OP Maryland, . . 95 

Shot Tower, . . .107 

Silver Lake — Druid Hill Park, 89 

Stansbury Building, . • 104 

Steam Furniture Works, . 195 

Stickney Iron Works, . . 208 

Sun Iron Building, . . 57 

Susquehanna, near Harrisburg, 297 
Tannery of Geo. Appold & Sons, 163 
The Savings Bank of Baltimore, 260 
Tyler's Litmber Yard, . 189 

Under the Fall, Looking Toward 

the Cathedral — Watkins Glen, 299 
ViCKERs', Geo. R., Office Building, 255 
Warren Cotton Miils, . 177 

Washington Building, . . 273 

Works Maryland White Lead Co. 226 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Abell, A. S., . 

Academy of Music, . 

Agricultural Implements, 

Allan Line of Steamships, 

Amusement, Places of . 

Annapolis, 

Architectural Iron Works, 

Architecture, 

Art, 



Page. 

. 57,59 

79 

. 190,191 

. 289 

. 78, 79 

19, 22, 91 

214 

64, 66—68 

42 



Association, Maryland State Agricultu- 
ral and Mechanical, 79, 80 
" Young Men's Christian, 67 
Asylum, Bayview, .... 47 
Blind, .... 51 

" Deaf and Dumb, . 50 

Sheppard, . . . 48—50 
" ^Spring Grove, ... 48 
Baker, Charles J. .... 59 

Baltimore and Bremen Line of Steamers, 289 
Baltimore City Jail, . . . .67 
Baltimore Clippers, .... 24 
Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange, 135 
Baltimore and Drum Point Rail Road, 31, 81 
Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, Its 
Influence upon the Prosperity of 
Southern Maryland, &c., 294, 300—303 
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, Its 
Connections, Extensions, Influence 
upon Baltimore, &c., &c. 

30, 31, 74, 129, 130, 284^290 
Baltimore "Warehouse Company, . 131 
Banks and Bankers, . . 258, 259 
Bar of Baltimore, ... 73, 74 
Bar of Maryland, .... 73 

Bartlett, D. L., 71 

Battle Monument, . . . . 28, 68 
Battle of North Point, . . 27, 68, 71 
Board of Trade, . . . 61, 62 

Boundaries of Maryland, . . 8, 9, 10 
Bowie, Governor Oden, . 79, 80, 302—304 
Brass and Bell Founding, . . 202, 203 
Bricks, Manufacture of, . . . 248 

Brooklyn, 81 

Brooks, Chauncey, ... 8 

Brown, George S 73 

Burning of the Tea, . . . .19 
Butter and Cheese, . . . 110 

Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 7, 8, 9, 10 
Calvert, Leonard, .... 10 
Candies and Foreign Fruits, . . 139, 140 
Canton and the Canton Company, In- 
fluence upon the Progress of the 
City, &c., &c. . . . 281—285 
Carroll, Charles, . . . .285 



Page. 
Cattle Market, .... 250 
Cemeteries, . . . . 88, 89 
Chemistry and Pharmacy, Maryland 

College of, 76 

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, . .30,92 

Churches, 62- 64 

Bethany Independent Methodist, 67 
Catholic Cathedral, . 26, 64, 66 
Eutaw Place Baptist, . . 67 
First Presbyterian, . . ,67 
Mount Vernon, M. E. . . 64 
Old Light St., M. E. . . .64 

St. Paul's, 14 

City Hall, 9^ 

City Limits, Extension of, . . 29, 89, 90, 28 
Clayborne, William, .... 8 
Clubs— The Allston, ... 78 

The Baltimore, ... 78 
The Maryland, . . 78 

Coal, . . 32,91,218,219,284,286 

Cofi"ee, 116 

Continental Congress, . . .18, 19 
Cooperage Stores, .... 278 
Corn Flour, Manufacture of, . . 138 

Cotton, 81, 176, 177 

Cotton Bags, Manufacture of, . 181, 182 
Cotton Duck, " " . 180, 181 

Cotton Press, The Monumental, . 131 
Counties op the State in Brief, 91 — 94 



Alleghany, 

Anne Arundel, 

Baltimore, . 

Calvert, . 

Caroline, 

Carroll, 

Cecil, . 

Charles, 

Dorchester, 

Frederick, 

Garrett, 

Harford, 

Howard, . 

Kent, . 

Montgomery, . 

Prince George's, 

Queen Anne's, 

St. Mary's, . 

Somerset, . 

Talbot, 

Washington, . 

Wicomico, . 

Worcester, 
Court House. 
Cromwell's Commissioners, 



91,92 
. 91, 92, 93 

90, 91, 92, 93 

91, 92, 93, 13 

91, 93 

. . 92 

. 91, 92 

. 92 

. 91,94 

91,92 

91 

91, 92 

. 91, 92 

91, 93 
92 

. 91, 92, 98 
. 91, 92 

92, 93 
. 91,94 

91, 93 
92 

91, 94 

. 91, 94 

26 

. 11 



* Note.— Inadvertently, the name of De. Richard S. Stewart was omitted in onr mention of the 
Maryland Hospital, now Spring Grove Asylum. That he was the originator of this institution and has 
nurtured it to the present moment, when it has assumed such grand proportions, is a fact with which 
every intelligent Slarylander is familiar. 

The treatment of the Insane, in our State at least, has been advanced to a Science mainly through his 
efforts. 



310 



Index. 



Page. 
Cumberland, . . . - . . 91 

Curled Hair, 183 

Dedication, 3 

Deepening of the Channel, . . 82,83 
Dentistry, Its Origin and Progress in 

Baltimore, .... 76—78 
Domestic Lines of Steamers, . . 32, 94 
Druid Hill Park, . . . 81,85—88 
Dulany, Chase and Johnson, . . 73 
Dwelling Houses, . . . 35, 67, 68 

Early, Samuel S 71 

Early Trade and Commerce, 

14, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31 
Eastern Shore Rail Roads, . . 93, 94 
East India Company, . . . 19 
Eleemosynary Associations, . 44 — 47 
Elevators at Locust Point, • . 289 
Establishment of Manufactures, . 21 

Federal Hill, 14 

Fell's Point, . . . . 13,16 

Fell, William, . . . . 13, 16 

Fire Bricks and Pottery, Manufacture of, 246 
Fire Department, Compared with 

the same in other Cities, . . 83, 84 
First Steamboats, ... 23, 29 

Fish, Trade in, .... 122 
Flour, Manufacture of, and Market for, 

133, 134 

Ford, John T 78,79 

Foreign Steamers, . . .32, 94, 289 
FortMcHenry, . . . . 13,26 
Founding of the City, ... 12 

Frederick City, 92 

Front Street Theatre, ... 79 

Fulton, C. C, 56 

Furniture, Manufacture of, . 193, 194 

Gambrill, Horatio N 81 

Garrett, John W 286 

Gas, 28,30 

Glassware, Manufacture of, . 221, 222 
Glassworks, . . . 23,221,222 

Govanstown, 81 

Grain Trade, .... 129,130 
Grand Opera House, Ford's, . . 78 
Greenmount Cemetery, . . .88, 89 
Guano and Fertilizers, Manufacture 

of, 235., 236 

Gwynn's Falls, 13 

Hagerstown, 92 

Harbor of Baltimore, . . .22, 82, 83 
Harper, Robert Goodloe, . . 73 

Harris, Dr. Chapin A. ... 76 
Healthfulness of the City, . . 35 
Historical Society, . . . .42 
Holliday Street Theatre, . . 78,79 

Hopkins, Johns, ... 51, 52 

Horses and Mules, .... 249 
Hospital, Johns Hopkins, . . 51, 52 

Hotels 251,253 

House of Refuge, • ... 48 
Howard, Col. John Eager, . . .68 
Incorporation of Baltimore, . . 26 

Ingle Rebellion, 10 

Imported Wines and Liquors, . 125 



Page. 
Imports and Exports, ... 32 
Iron, .... 17,90,91,32,206 
Iron Bridge Building, . . . 216 
Jenkins, Colonel J. Strieker, . . 71 

Jewelry, 198 

Jobbing Trade, .... 142,143 
Johns Hopkins Uniyersity, . . 52 
Johnson, Hon. Reverdy, . . 74 

Jones, David, 13 

Jones' Falls, . . . . 12, 13 

Jones' Town, or Old Town, . . 13 
Jones, H. Bolton, ... 73 

Joppa, 16 

Journalists, 54 

Kelso, Thomas, .... 51 

King, John, Jr 71 

Klemm, F., see Map of Baltimore. 

Law Library, 74 

Leaf Tobacco, . . . 184. 185 

Location of the City, 12, 13, 26, 29, 33, 94 
Lower Counties of Maryland, 300, 301, 302 
Lumber Trade, . ' . . 188, 189 
Malt, Manufacture of, ... 139 

Manufactured Tobacco, . . . 187 
Marble, . . . .32, 91, 92, 241 
Marine Insurance, . . . .24 
Marine Observatory, ... 61 
Market Houses, . . . . 16, 23 
Martin, Luther, .... 73 
Maryland Institute, ... 41, 42 
Maryland Jockey Club, . . . 79,80 
Mason and Dixon's Line, ... 9 
Masonic Temple, .... 67 

Matches, 124 

McCoy, John W 73 

McDonogh, John, . . . 42, 44 
McMahon, John V. L. . . .7, 74 
Mercantile Library, .... 42 
Merchants' Exchange, . . .28, 61 
Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 74, 75 
Medicine, Progress of the Science in 

Baltimore, 74 

Millinery Business, . . . 158 

Monuments, . . . , . 68 
Mount Hope and Mount Hope Retreat, 50 
Mount Washington, ... 81 
Naval Stores, .... 227, 228 
Nelson, John, .... 74 

Newcomer, B. F. . . . .71 

Non -Importation Societies, . . 19 
Northern Central Railway, Its Origin, 
History and Influence on the Pros- 
perity of Baltimore, &c., &c., 31, 291—300 
Oyster, Fruit and Vegetable Packing, 

101, 102 
Painting and Sculpture, . . 71 
Paints and Chemicals, . . 221,222 

Paper, 168 

Paper Bags, ... 176 

Parks and Squares, . . 85 — 88 

Patapsco River, .... 12 
Patterson Park, .... 87 

Peabody George, . . 38 — 40 

Peabody Institute, . , . 88—40 



Index. 



311 



Page. 
Pearl Hominy, .... 138 
Petroleum, .... 221 

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
more Rail Road, . . . . 31 

Pianos, " 196,197 

Pikesville, 81 

Pimlico, 79,80 

Pinkney, William, ... 78 

Plated Ware, 200 

Police op Baltimore, Its efficiency, 
and favorable comparison of the same 
with other cities, .... 83 
Poor Association, ... 44 

Population, ... 81, 62, 89, 90 
Porter, George U. . . . 61, 62 

Preface, 5 

Press, .... 54, 56, 59, 61, 62 

Privateers, 26 

Provision for the Inebriate, . . .50 
Provision for the Insane, ... 48 
Provisions, Trade in . . . 106 
Public Schools, .... 36—38 
Quartley, A. .... 73 

Raine, Frederick, . . . .61 

Ready, Samuel, . . . . 51 

Refined Lard, .... 109 

Religious Toleration, ... 11 
Resources of Baltimore, . 90 — 94 

Reuling, Dr. George, . . 71 

Rice, 121 

Rinehart, William H. . . . 72, 73 
Rivets and Spikes, . . . 213 

Salt, 118 

Sash Factories, . . . .191, 192 
Scenery along the Northern Central 

Railway 296—299 

Schwing, Mrs. S. . . . 73 

Sheppard, Moses, . . 48—50 

Shoe and Leather Trade, . . 161, 162 
Shot. ... 105 



Page. 



Soap and Candles, 


123 


Society in Baltimore, 


35 


Spices, 


122 


Stamp Act, .... 


. 18, 19 


St. Mary's Town, 


. 10 


St. Paul's Church, 


. 14, 66 


Sugar, .... 


114, 116 


Sugar Refineries, . 


23, 114, 116 


Taney, Chief Justice Roger B. 


, 73, 74 


Teas, 


120 


Tenement Houses. Absence of, 


. 35 


Timonium, . . . . 


296 



Tin, 200,201 

Tobacco Trade, . 16, 21, 22, 184, 185, 187 
Towns and Villages, . . . 80,81 

Towsontown, 81 

Tunnels Under Baltimore, 283, 294, 302, 308 
Union Rail Road, . . 31,93,283 
United States Bank, ... 28 

U. States Custom House and Court House, 67 
University of Mary] and, . . 28,75 

Vickers, George R 71 

Walters, William T. . . . 71 

War of 1812, 26 

Wars with the Indians, . . 14 

War of the Revolution, . . .20,21 
Washington Monument, . 68, 70, 28 
Water Company, ... 26, 84 

Water Supply of the City, Present and 
Prospective, . . . . 84, 85 

Waverley, 88 

Way, A. J. H 73 

Wells and McComas Monument, . 71 
Western Maryland Rail Road, . 31,284 

Whiskey, 126 

Wildey Monument, ... 70, 71 
Window Glass and Glassware, 229, 230 
Wirt, William, . 73 

Woodberry, ... .81 

Workshops at Mount Clare, 289, 290 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Abbott Iron Company, 
Adams, S. H. & J. P. 
Alberton Cotton Mills, 
Allan Steamship Company, 
Ammidon & Co. 
Appold, George, & Sons, 
Armstrong, Cator & Co. 
Armstrong, James, & Co. 
Bag Factory, The Baltimore, 
Bag Factory, The Maryland, 
Baker Brothers & Co. 
Baker, Richard J., & Co. . 
Balderston, Ward & Co. 
Baldwin, Wm. H. Jr., & Co. 
Baltimore Female College, 



Page. 
206 
192 
178 
274 
234 
163 
159 
123 
182 
182 
232, 233 
224 
. 167 
180 
277 



Page. 

Baltimore Steam Packet Company, 275 

Banks — 

The Central National, of Baltimore, 271 

The Central Savings, of Baltimore, 259 

The Eutaw Savings, of Baltimore, 262 

The First National, of Baltimore, 261 

The Franklin, . . .263 

The Merchants' National of Baltimore, 272 

The National, of Baltimore, . 271 

The National Union, of Maryland, 264 

The Savings, of Baltimore, . 260 

The Western National, of Baltimore, 264 

Barkley & Hasson, . . 117 

Barrett & Higgins, . . 160 

Bartlett, Robbins & Cc. 315 



312 



Ijs'dex. 



Page. 
Basshor, Thomas C, & Co. . . 210 

Bates, James, . . . 211 

Beatty, James, & Co. , . . 124 

Bell and Brass Works, The Baltimore, 204 
Bertram, Wm. A. . , . 243 

Bevan, Samuel, & Co. . . 149 

Blake, Charles W. . . . 199 

Blind, The Maryland Institution for the 

Instruction of the, . . 131 

Bogue, Henry, & Son, . . 153 

Bond, J. W., & Co. . . . 305 

Book Depository, The Methodist Epis- 
copal, .... 171 
Boston Steamship Company, . 275 
Boyd, Wm. A., & Co. . . 186 
Bridge Company, The Baltimore, . 217 
Bridge and Iron Works, The Patapsco, 218 
Bridges, William, . . . 140 
Brooks, E. F., . . . 204 
Brooks, Rogers & Co. . . 164 
Brooks & Thrasher, . . 143 
Brosius&Co. . . .152 
Brown, Alexander, & Sons, . 267 
Brown & Brune, . . . 272 
Brown, Lancaster & Co.* . 267 
Brown, Wm. H., & Bro. . . 224 
Bruff, Faulkner & Co. . . 145 
Bryant, Stratton & Sadler, Business Col- 
lege of, . . 276,214,250,253 
Burns, Russell & Co. . . 248 
Burns & Sloan, ... 246 
Buzby, David T., & Co. . . 110 
Canfield, Bro. & Co. . • . 198 
Carlin & Fulton, . , .155 
Car Wheel Company, The Baltimore, 244 
Cassard Brothers, . . 110 
Cassard, George, & Co. . . 109 
Cassard, G., & Son, . . 109 
Chappell's Chemical Works, 239 
Chemical Works, The Patapsco, 225 
Chesapeake Dredging Company, . 245 
Child, Samuel, & Co. . . 234 
Chrome Works, The Baltimore, . 225 
Clabaugh, Nelson & Co. . 270 
Clarke & Jones, . . . 141 
Coates & Brother, . • 218 
Coleman & Taylor, . . .209 
Cook, Samuel G. B. . . 157 
Corn & Flour Exchange, The Baltimore,135 
Cotton Press and Warehouse.The Mon- 

. 131 

169 
. 172 

225 
. 275 

209 
. 272 

137 
. 144 

164 
. 108 

186 
. 179 

212 
. 210 



umental, 
Gushing & Medairy, 
Cushings & Bailey, 
Davison,, Wm., & Co. 
Dell, Knapp & Co. 
Denmead & Son, 
Denny, James W. 
Denson & Quincy, 
Devries, Wm., & Co. . 
Devries, Young & Co. 
Drakeley & Fenton, . 
Dresel, W., & Co. 
Druid Mills, . 
Dufur & Co. 
Dugan, Cumberland & Co. 



Page. 
Dulany, Wm. J. C, & Co. . 170 
Dushane, John A. . . . 169 
Dental Surgery, Baltimore College of, 97 
Easter, Hamilton, & Sons, . . 146 
Ehlers, J. D., & Co. . . 121 
Eye & Ear Institute, The Baltimore, . 98 
Eye & Ear Institute, The Maryland, 98 
Fertilizing and Manufacturing Com- 
pany, The Maryland, . . 236 
Fisher, Wm., & Sons, . . 269 
FiKE Insukance Companies — 
The Baltimore, . . .257 
The Baltimore Equitable, . . 256 
The Home, . . 258 
The Howard, . . . 256 
The National, ... 306 
ThePeabody, . . .256 
The Phoenix, ... 258 
Flack, Brothers, . . .128 
Flack, Thomas J., & Sons, . 128 
Flynn & Emrich, . . .210 
Frame and Moulding Works, The Bal- 
timore, • . . . . 243 
Gambrill, C. A., & Co. . . 132 
Gambrill, Sons, & Co. . . 179 
Garrett, Robert, & Sons, . . 269 
Gary, James S., & Son, . . 178 
Geddes, James W. . . 201 
George & Jenkins, . . . 107 
Gill, John, & Co. . . 130 
Gillet, Martin, & Co. . . . 120 
Gilmor, Wm. of Wm. . . 213 
Glass, David W., & Co. . . 169 
Glass Works, The Baltimore, . 232, 233 
Glass Works, The Maryland Window, 230 
Grafflin, John C. & Co. . . 182 
Griffith, John A., & Co. . . 153 
Gunther, L. W., . . . 185 
Guy's Monument House, . 251 
Hambleton, John A., & Co. . . 266 
Hambleton, Thomas E. . 253 
Hammond, John D., & Co. . . 167 
Harris, J. Morrison, . . 272 
Haskell, John H., . . .204 
Hicks, George C, & Co. . . 247 
Highland Park, . 279, 280 
Hiss, Wm. J. . 196 
Hodges Bros., . . . 150 
Hoen, A., & Co. . 99, 100 
Holmes, William, . . .200 
Holthaus, F. T., & Son, . 330 
Hopkins & Janney, . . 228 
Hotel, The CaiToUton, . 252 
Horner, F. F., & Co. . . . 165 
Horner, Joshua, Jr., . 237, 238 
Hurst, S. J. & John J. . . 165 
Hurst, Purnell & Co. . 151 
Hutchinson Bros., . . . 212 
Innes & Company, 280 
Johnson, Sutton & Co. 151 
Johnston, Bros., & Co. . 268 
Keith & Kelso, . . 156 
Kellinger & Co. . .175 
Kelly, Piet & Co. 175 
Kensett & Co., . 104 



Ikdex. 



313 



Page. 
209 
278 
231 
182 
194 



Keyser, Brothers & Co. . 

Kimball, Shaffar & Co. 

King, Wm., & Bro. 

Klinefelter Brothers, . 

Klipper, Webster & Co. . 

Knabe, Wm., & Co. 138, 139, 183, 213, 280 

~- ' - - gg^ 

187 
123 
166 
180 
167 
228 



Knight, C. P. 
Kremelberg, J. D. 
Lamb & Kemp, 
Larrabee, E., & Sons, 
Laurel Manufacturing Company, 
Lawson, Kobert, & Co. . 
Lazarus, E. M., & Co. 
Life Insurance Company, The Mary- 
land, . . 254,182,168,188,241 

Loney, F. B. . . . .270 

Mackenzie Brothers, . . 154 

Magee, Wm. P. . . . 154 

Mahony, J. C, & Co. . 105 

Mallinckrodt, W., & Son, . 153 

Mansion House, . . • 253 

Mayer & Brother, . . .149 

Mayer, Carroll & Co. . . 220 

Maxwell, Wm. G. . . . 167 

McDowell & Co. . . . • 235 

McKim&Co. . . .269 

McShane, Henry, & Co. . . 203 

Meredith, Gilmor, & Co. . . 220 

Merker, A., & Krug, . . 211 

Merritt, Jones & Co. . . . 221 

Miller, Daniel, & Co. . . 147 

Miller, John M., & Co. . . . 173 

Miller's Safe and Iron Works. . 205 

Monument Iron Works, .' . 209 

Moore, Robert & Bro. . 153 

Myer, T. J., & Co. . . 104 

Myers, Charles H., & Bro. . 125 

Neal, Geo. H. C. . . 148 

News Company, The Baltimore, 173 

Nicholson & Co. . . .267 

Nicholson, J. J., & Sons, . 270 

Noble & Wilson, . . .242 

Norris & Baldwin, . . 177 

Numsen Wm., & Sons, . . 103 
North German Lloyd Steamship Line, 274 

Oil Works, The Canton, . . 221 

Paine, Allen, Son, & Co. . . 154 
Paint and Color Works, The Maryland, 224 

Parlett, B. F., & Co. , . .186 

Parr, Israel M.,& Son, . . 133 

Passano, L., & Sons, . . 152 

Patapsco Flouring Mills, . , 132 

Pearl Hominy Co., The Baltimore, 138 
Pembroke School for Boys and Young 



Men, . 


175, 277 


Penniman & Bro , 


155 


Perkins & Co., 


. 148 


Perry, Clark & Co., 


165 


Pitcher & Wilson, 


. 249 


Pitt, Charles F., & Sons, 


325 


Poole & Hunt, 


207, 304 


Poplein, N., Jr., & G. . 


224 


Porter, R. B., & Son, . 


. 155 


Poultney, Trimble & Co., 


155 


Pracht, Charles, & Co. 


. 140 



Pratt, E.,& Bro. 
Read, Wm. H., 
Reeder, C, & Co 
Reese, Charles. & Son, 
Reese, G. H., & Bros. 
Reese, John S., & Co. 
Regester. Joshua, & Sons, 
Reip & Son. 



Page. 
213 
224 
210 
118 
117 
240 
204 
, 202 



Retort and Fire Brick Works, Baltimore, 247 

Reynolds, Isaac, & Sons, . 241 

Rhodes, B. M., & Co. . . 236 

Russell & Alger, . . 165 

Ryan & Ricketts, • . .202 

Sad tier, George T., & Sons, . 121 

Safe Deposit Company, . . 265 

Sanders, George, & Sons, . 121 

Sanders, H , & Co. . . .197 

Savage, Manufacturing Company, 180 

Schumacher, A., & Co. ' 115,274 

Seim, Emory & Swindell, . . 230 

Shipe, Cloud & Co. . . 145 
Shot Tower Company, The Merchants, 106 

Simon, Charles, & Sons, . . 148 

Sisson, Hugh, ... 242 

Slingluff & Slingluff, . . 272 

Smith & Curlett, . . 123 

Smith, Edward A. . . .223 

Smith, John M., & Thomas, . 227 

Smith, Professor Nathan R. . . 75,76 

Snowden & Cowman, . . 211 

Southern Home School, . . 278 

Stansbury, James E. • . 104 

Starr, B.F., & Co. . . 242 
Steam Boiler Works, The Baltimore, 209 

Stevens, Charles P. . . .195 

Stevens. George O., & Co. . 192 

Stewart, C. Morton, & Co. . . 228 

Stewart & Co. . . ■ 120 

Stickney Iron Company, . . 208 

Stork & Wright, ... 174 

Sugar Refinery, The Baltimore, . 112 

Sugar Refinery, The Calvert, . 113 

Sugar Refinery, The Maryland, . 115 

Symington Bros. & Co. . . 225 

Taylor, R. Q. . • . 158 

Taylor & Price, . . .149 

Thomas, David E., & Co. . . 190 

Thomas, George P., & Co. . 126 

Thomas, Joseph, & Son, , 198 

Thomsen, Laurence, & Co. . • 125 

Thomsen. Lilly & Co. . . 223 

Troxell, Handy & Greer, . . 208 

Tucker, Smith & Co., . . 162 

Turnbull Brothers, . . .171 

Turner, Robert, & Son, . . 240 

Tyler, George G., . . .189 

University, The Maryland, . 95 

The Washington . 96 

Vickers, George R. . . 255 

Waite, Samuel R. . . . 212 

Walker, Noah, cfc Co. . . 273 

Walters, W. T., & Co. . 127 
Warehouse Company, The Baltimore, 131 

Warren Cotton Mills, . . 177 

Weaver, Jacob, . . . 243 



314 



Errata. 



' ' Page. 

Webb, A. L., c&Son, . . 137 

Webb, George F. . . .136 

Webb, George W. . . . 199 

Weber, Wm. F. . . . 96 

Weedon, Armistead, & Co., . . 124 

Wlieel\vriglit. Mudge & Co., . 169 
White Lead Company, The Maryland, 226 

Whitelock, Wm.. & Co. . . 240 



Whitman, E., & Sons, 
Wilkens, William, & Co. 
Wilson, Burns & Co. 
Wilson, Colston & Co. 
Wilson, John W., & Son, 
Wood, Wm. E , & Co. 
Woods, Weeks & Co. 
Woodyear, Wm. E., & Co. 



Page. 
191 
184 
119 
267 
193 
213 
113 
137 



ERRATA. 

On page 39, line 29, read "passes" for "passed." 

On page 73, line 20, substitute "of" between "earnest" and "what." 

On page 76, in the note at the bottom, read "University" instead of " Uuviersity." 

On page 123, in the Article on Soap and Candles, at the 5th line, read "<Ae Cape of Good Hope"' 
instead of "Cape of Good Hope." 

On page 133, in the Tlour Article, at line 6, read "are" instead of "is." 

On page 143, leave out " colon," at 12th line. 

On page 183, at line 18, read "existence" instead of "esistance." 

Top of page 207, read " Established 1851 " instead of " Established 1871." 

On page 248, read " 200,000,000 Bricks " instead of " 100,000,000 Bricks." This includes the manu- 
facture of Bricks at Canton. 



NOTE. 



The Firms of Woodward, Baldwin & Co. and Noeeis & Baldwin have dissolved since this work 
went to press, and a Co-Partnership has been formed under the name of 

WOODWARD, BALDWIN & NOERIS, 

Hos. 9 and 11 Hanover Street, 

Dry Goods and Commission Mercitants, 

And Selling Agents for the Savage Manufacturing Company and Warren Cotton Mills. 
See Pages 177 and 180. 



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BALTIMORE AND SUBURBS,^ ^^^ 

PBOl-OSED EXTElfSJOX OF NEAliJ- ™j^o 
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F. KLEMM'S MAP OF 

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KEYOXD TBJE 

Compiled from aotual Surveys by S. J. MARTINET, City Surveyor. Baltimore, 

Published by F. KLEMM, 75 Seooad Stt^^'^ ; 

This editioB ui oxprwaly prepared to aocompatiT Mr. Q». W. Howard 



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